Suchergebnisse

This paper examines findings arising from commissioned research into the use of volunteers in local authority child protection services. Concentrating primarily on findings obtained from interviews with local authority staff and stakeholders, the paper considers the merits and possible pitfalls of such schemes. Examined against the backdrop of the current economic climate and political agenda, it raises pertinent questions for social work research and practice, which include: • Is there a legitimate role for the use of volunteers in child protection work? • What are the ethical questions and practical risks regarding the use of unpaid labour in place of paid support staff? • Post Munro, do volunteers enhance or hinder progress in child protection work? • What are the lessons of conducting commissioned research and service evaluations? In addition, the paper forms a useful guide to individuals and organisations who may be considering the use of such provision as it contains detailed qualitative data documenting the views and experience of front line local authority stakeholders who have experience of one such scheme.

Longtemps considérée comme statique, l'analyse des réseaux sociaux tend à s'enrichir en portant davantage sur leur évolution. Dans cette perspective, cette recherche analyse le cas d'une réorganisation (de la structure formelle et de la disposition des bureaux) au sein d'un département d'une SSII française. Cette étude de cas repose sur une collecte de données sur longue période, avant et après la réorganisation, à travers une observation participante et des entretiens. Elle imbrique les évolutions d'organigramme et de réseaux sociaux en tenant compte des statuts hiérarchiques dans l'analyse structurale. Il ressort de l'analyse structurale, d'une part, que le réseau social résiste à cette profonde réorganisation en s'adaptant : il perd ainsi sa connexité, son noyau se rétrécit alors que sa périphérie s'accroît, les sous-groupes de relations réciproques se calent sur les équipes formelles. De l'autre, les positions des acteurs se modifient : alors que les responsables perdent leur position centrale pour se recentrer sur leur équipe, les relations interéquipes sont maintenues par les développeurs.

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we argue that post‐2010 activisms, ranging from the Arab revolts to the Occupy movement, the Indignados and anti‐austerity protests in Europe, and the pro‐democracy protests in Russia and Mexico, exhibit three kinds of commonalities. These are a common infrastructure of networks and meetings that facilitate rapid diffusion; a generational background shaped both by the precarity of paid work and by exposure to and participation in global information streams; and, most fundamentally, a shared articulation of demands and practices. We further argue that three interconnected concepts have been at the core of both demands and the identity of these movements: democracy, social justice and dignity. Flowing from these three shared values and practices, post‐2010 activisms also share a mistrust of institutional politics and a determination not to become corrupted by power, which run deeper than in previous generations of activists and which pose an ongoing challenge to their involvement with formal politics.

Social scientists draw important lessons for modern development from the medieval Maghribi traders who, it has been argued, lacked effective legal mechanisms for contract enforcement and instead relied on informal sanctions based on collective ostracism within an exclusive coalition. We show that this claim is untenable. Not a single empirical example adduced as evidence of the putative coalition shows that a coalition actually existed. The Maghribi traders made use of the formal legal system in order to enforce agency agreements in long‐distance trade. A subset of the traders did form a web of trusted business associates that contributed to informal contract enforcement, but this was very different from the hypothesized coalition, in neither being exclusive nor having a clearly defined membership. The Maghribi traders combined reputation‐based sanctions with legal mechanisms, in ways that resemble the practices of medieval European merchants. We find no evidence that the Maghribi traders had more 'collectivist' cultural beliefs than their European counterparts.

Abstract(Corporate) social responsibility (SR) is a way towards requisite holism by creation of ethics. By SR the contemporary world might create a new economy with (informal) systems thinking, including a sustainable model of dynamic management of CO2 emissions. The existing CO2 tradable permits concept does not provide it. Based of systemic thinking (by Mulej's Dialectical Systems Theory) we drafted a worldwide model of CO2 (hot‐bed‐gases) emissions management. One must limit all emissions on the Planet‐Earth‐level in equilibrium with the carrying capacity of Earth. Neither governments nor market forces alone can handle the problem, but they can handle it in inter‐disciplinary international creative cooperation, possibly guided by United Nations Organization. Our model offers a requisitely holistic basis for it: it offers a synergy of tradable emission permits and international agreement on emission cap. Then, more SR may be attainable and lead to more holism/success in sustainable‐future management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Otto Von Gierke tuvo una gran influencia su época y en particular en el proceso de elaboración del proyecto de código civil alemán y anticipó elementos importantes de la forma política del Estado Social de Derecho. También de él derivaría una de las grandes corrientes constructoras del Derecho Social que influiría ¿junto a la determinante de Anton Menger- en la creación del Derecho Social del Trabajo, incorporando una nueva dimensión social en el ámbito de lo jurídico, contribuyendo, así, a la ¿constitucionalización del Derecho privado¿. Esa influencia de Gierke es apreciable en el pensamiento jurídico moderno. Tributarios de él son en gran medida todos los autores partidarios del pluralismo socio-político y jurídico, como Hugo Sinzheimer (su discípulo), H.J. Laski y muy especialmente, E. Ehrlich, el cual defiende la existencia de un Derecho vivo creado por las asociaciones como su orden interno. ; Otto Von Gierkehad a great influence on his time and in particular in the process of drafting the German civil code and anticipated important elements of the political form of the Social State of Law. It would also result from one of the great construction flows of social law that would influence ¿together with the determinant of Anton Menger ¿the creation of social labour law, incorporating a new social dimension in the field of legal law, contributing, thus, to the "constitutionalization of private law". Gierke's influence is appreciable in modern legal thinking. His tributaries are largely all the authors of socio-political and legal pluralism, such as Hugo Sinzheimer (his disciple), H.J. Laski and especially E. Ehrlich, who defends the existence of a living law created by associations as his internal order. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

En una sociedad mayormente oral, quienes emplean formas alternativas de comunicación tienden a recibir tratos excluyentes y esto limita la igualdad de oportunidades. Por ello, el presente artículo se basa en una investigación documental cualitativa en la que el problema planteado determina cómo repercute el acceso a la comunicación alternativa y aumentativa en la inclusión social de las personas en condición de discapacidad. El objetivo que persigue versa en determinar la relación que se da entre los supuestos teóricos sobre procesos inclusivos y su vinculación con la comunicación alternativa. Para ello, se realiza una recopilación de fuentes actualizadas sobre la temática, desarrolladas por las principales investigaciones en la materia. Posteriormente, se relacionan los contenidos implicados por medio de un esquema conceptual. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis de datos en función de responder al objetivo de investigación planteado. Como resultado, se encontró que tanto la legislación nacional e internacional, como las investigaciones y corrientes pedagógicas promueven la igualdad de oportunidades y la inclusión de la población en condición de discapacidad. Pese a ello, aún las personas con barreras de la comunicación siguen sin contar con el acceso oportuno al diálogo. Se demuestra que la comunicación alternativa es un derecho indispensable para el aprendizaje, no obstante, el estudiantado con barreras de la comunicación aún accede a las aulas, sin un recurso que permita su participación. Se consuma, además, que no puede haber aprendizaje sin comunicación. Así las cosas, la población con barreras de comunicación que asiste a las aulas sin un recurso asistido está viendo violentado, no solo su derecho a la expresión, sino también, su derecho a la educación. ; In a mainly oral society, those who use alternative forms of communication tend to be marginalized, and this limits equal opportunities. Therefore, this article is based on qualitative documentary research in which the problem posed determines how access to alternative and augmentative communication affects the social inclusion of people with disabilities. The objective is to determine the relationship existing between the theoretical assumptions about inclusive processes and their connection with alternative communication. To achieve this objective, the paper offers a compilation of updated sources on the subject the main researchers in the field have proposed. Subsequently, the contents involved are related using a conceptual scheme. Finally, an analysis of the data is carried out to achieve the proposed research objective. As a result, it was found that both national and international legislation, as well as research and pedagogical currents, promote equal opportunities and the inclusion of the population with disabilities. In spite of this situation, even people with communication barriers still do not have adequate access to dialogue. Results show that alternative communication is an indispensable right for a process of learning; however, students with communication barriers still attend classes without resources allowing their participation. It is also shown that there can be no learning without communication. Thus, the population with communication barriers that attend the classes without an assisted resource sees not only its right to expression violated, but also their right to education. ; Em uma sociedade que utiliza quase sempre a linguagem oral, quando se depara com formas alternativas de comunicação, a tendência é receber um tratamento excludente, limitando a igualdade de oportunidades. Portanto, este artigo é baseado em uma pesquisa documental qualitativa na qual expõe esse problema e determina como ele afeta o acesso a comunicação alternativa e aumentativa na inclusão social das pessoas portadoras de deficiência. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a relação que existe entre hipóteses teóricas sobre processos inclusivos e a sua relação com a comunicação alternativa. Para isso, a pesquisa é feita a uma serie de artigos de fontes atualizadas sobre o assunto, desenvolvidas pelas principais investigações sobre este campo. A seguir, os conteúdos encontrados são relacionados por meio de um esquema conceptual. Finalmente, uma análise de dados é realizada, tendo em vista cumprir o objetivo proposto nesta investigação. Como resultado, verificou-se que tanto a legislação nacional e internacional, tais como pesquisa e tendências educacionais promovem a igualdade de oportunidades e inclusão de pessoas portadoras de deficiência. Porém, as pessoas com barreiras de comunicação continuam sem acesso oportuno ao diálogo. Demonstrou-se que a comunicação alternativa é um direito indispensável para a aprendizagem, no entanto, os alunos com barreiras de comunicação participam nas salas de aula mesmo sem ter nenhum recurso que permite sua participação. Outro ponto mencionado também é que não pode haver aprendizagem sem comunicação. Assim, as pessoas com barreiras de comunicação presentes na sala de aula sem um recurso que favoreça sua situação sofrem duas formas de violência: o direito a expressão e o direito a educação.

Ambiguous grief results from a nondeath loss and has received minimal attention in the social work literature. This type of loss occurs in situations like missing persons, incarceration, military deployment, adoption, and foster care and chronic conditions like dementia. The reactions of loved ones faced with these situations rarely have been understood as a form of grief. The lack of recognition of ambiguous loss means that it is more likely to be disenfranchised, which undermines bereaved individuals' resilience and ability to move on with their lives. The authors discuss the nature of ambiguous loss and its disenfranchisement. Based upon theory and research, implications for micro-, mezzo-, and macropractice are presented. Case examples illustrate key points and challenges.

Social marketing is a proven private sector strategy to provide health-related products, including contraceptives. Pharmacies offer affordable, convenient, and rapid delivery of over-the-counter contraceptives directly to the consumer, providing wider availability and accessibility to family planning (FP) in sub-Saharan Africa. Pilot projects tested the feasibility of including CycleBeads®, the visual tool that supports the use of the Standard Days Method®, into Population Services International (PSI) social marketing programs. The purpose of this article is to review evidence to provide guidance for social marketing CycleBeads in pharmacies in sub-Saharan Africa. Literature on contraceptive provision through pharmacies in comparison to clinics was summarized from developing and developed country contexts, highlighting salient and relevant lessons for the African context in regard to pharmacists' knowledge and perceptions of FP, clients' perceptions of pharmacists' FP knowledge and FP service delivery in pharmacies, and the impact of pharmacy access on contraceptive use. Descriptive data from PSI social marketing initiatives in several African countries, and commercial marketing information were reviewed. Evidence from CycleBeads sales suggests that there is demand for the product and it is affordable in comparison to oral contraceptives. In addition, there were high levels of correct use by women who purchased CycleBeads in pharmacies, suggesting that CycleBeads are an appropriate product for social marketing. Until awareness of and demand for the method increases, social marketing of CycleBeads requires continued subsidy to maintain viability. Training to update pharmacists' knowledge and increase capacity to provide basic information, positioning of the method, and low profit margins for pharmacies present challenges.

RésuméLoin d'être une philosophie homogène et cohérente, le végétarisme, entendu comme théorie et pratique d'une alimentation végétale, est un terme commode mais inexact. Appellation polémique, il constitue en fait un point de ralliement. Renvoyant à des courants de pensée différents, les végétarismes donnent lieu à des pratiques sanitaires et sociales differenciées. Les arguments varient historiquement en relation étroite avec les formations politiques et ideologiques auxquelles ils sont associés. Cet article, qui dresse la genèse sociale du végétarisme occidental, montre en l'occurrence que la secte religieuse en est le principal invariant, au moins à ses origines : de la fin du xvIIe siècle à la première moitié du xixe siécle environ, la diffusion du végétarisme en Angleterre, puis aux États-Unis, est motivée par le souci d'élever les âmes individuelles afin d'améliorer la société. La laïcisation du végétarisme, consécutive à la formation de la Société végétarienne anglaise en 1847, va de pair avec la sécularisation progressive de ses promoteurs, de plus en plus soucieux d'agir sur la santé physique des individus, comme moyen d'élargir la base sociale du végétarisme et de réformer la société.

Abstract
Meaning in life is an important topic for professional training and social work education. This article aims to illustrate how Viktor Frankl's logotherapy could be applied as the framework in teaching meaning in life to social work students and helping professionals. It critically examines the experience of teaching meaning in life and integrating it with various training and education components, such as human behaviours, end-of-life and bereavement care, and self-care of helping professionals. Reflections on these teaching experiences suggest that the significance of teaching meaning in life is recognised by helping professionals and students, especially its dual influence on both personal and professional aspects. Lack of systematic and continuous training and education of meaning in life may be a hindrance for more in-depth understanding and learning. More case examples and discussion may help advance helping professionals' practice to facilitate service users' meaning searching. Reflecting on meaning in life may also facilitate helping professionals' coping with existential challenges in work, but such self-care training should be offered regularly to provide continuous support. This article suggests that teaching meaning in life may have great implications for the psychological health of helping professionals and the service users who receive their professional services.