Suchergebnisse

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record ; I argue that Open Science as currently conceptualised and implemented does not take sufficient account of epistemic diversity within research. I use three case studies to exemplify how Open Science threatens to privilege some forms of inquiry over others, thus exasperating divides within and across systems of practice, and overlooking important sources and forms of epistemic diversity. Building on insights from pluralist philosophy, I then identify four aspects of diverse research practices that should serve as reference points for debates around Open Science: (1) specificity to local conditions, (2) entrenchment within repertoires, (3) permeability to newcomers and (4) demarcation strategies. ; Alan Turing Institute ; European Union Horizon 2020

Der Autor untersucht zunächst den Begriff und die Bedeutung des Wirtschaftssystems in einem dogmengeschichtlichen Überblick, der die klassische Lehre, Neoklassik, die neo-österreichische Tradition und neuere Entwicklungen umfaßt. Er problematisiert den Systemvergleich als gesamtwirtschaftlichen Leistungsvergleich. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, daß unter der Annahme, daß das oberste Vergleichskriterium das verfügbare Sozialprodukte darstellt, gefragt werden muß, (1) für einen deskriptiven Vergleich, welche Faktoren dessen Entstehung beeinflussen und (2) für einen fuktional-analytischen Vergleich, wie diese Faktoren zusammenwirken. Hierbei ergibt sich das Problem der Selektion relevanter Erklärungsfaktoren und Fragestellungen. Es wird postuliert, daß die Bewertung der wirtschaftlichen Leistungen und ihrer Aggregation nur normativ entschieden werden können. Die Praktische Relevanz des Systemvergleichs ist bei derzeitigem Erkenntnisstand gering, da genaue Leistungsvergleiche und die Bestimmung der Wirkungen ordnungspolitischer Maßnahmen unmöglich sind. (HN)

This book provides a comprehensive study of recent major developments of open government around the world, and analyzes the importance of open government efforts for public governance, making it of interest to academics and practitioners worldwide

Adapted from the source document.

Introduction à la Section du même nom. ; Since the early 1990s, the governing of the EU has been characterized by a growing diversity in forms of policy making. More specifically, after a decade of innovations and new policy developments, the introduction of new types of "policy instruments" were aimed at both rationalising public policies and democratising forms of policy-making. Such tools (e.g., organization charts, framework agreements, European employment strategy, open method of coordination, the so called Bologna process, etc.), which are characterized by their non-hierarchical nature, seek direct involvement from a large variety of social groups and open - at least in principle - new political opportunities for EU institutions, in particular the European Commission. Nevertheless, some recent scholarly work shows how such political opportunities have not always increased the coordination capacity of the European institutions (again, in primis the European Commission), nor has the decision-making process been effectively more open with respect to civil society. In other terms, the overall impact of the new modes of governance on EU policy making still remains contested. Using new modes of governance as an organizing concept, the proposed section aims at addressing the impact of changing patterns of policy making, both in terms of rationalisation and democratization. This focus also enables to address a new important set of questions to be posed with respect to democratization processes within different political systems: to what extent have new modes of governance contributed to the enhancement of the steering capacity of EU institutions and to the democratization of forms of policy making at EU level? Have - and if so, how - 'new' modes of governance redefined the relationship among various levels of government within the EU? Have evolving forms of governance created specific forms of Europeanization? What are the effects of the combination of 'old' and 'new' modes of governance on the production and ...