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Legvold reviews 'After 1989: Morals, Revolution and Civil Society' by Ralf Dahrendorf.

This article describes the concept of civil society, which is more popular among the Muslims as Madani Society. The position of civil society is construct by the formation of various social institutions, particularly the non-government organizations. Non-Government Organization, which has autonomy and control of process's government activities, is essential for the creation of Madani Society. Pluralism, Freedom of speech and expression, and control's function are the important elements of democracy. It is apparent that there is a close connection between democracy and civil society. There will be no democracy without the development of civil society.

Discourse about civil society is almost being a main topic at any conversations beside topics of httman rights, democracy, reforms and globalization. Civil society is a kind of society which are open, plttralzstic, decentralized with a massive partiapation on politic activities, honest,fair, selfhelp, harmony, gttarantee the freedom of faith, speaking, making or involving in a union, expressing themselves, of the property rights and respect btanan rights. The realization needs process and time and commitment from all citizen to riform themselves totaly and always consistent and wise to react on deniable conflict.

The 2014 ASEAN Civil Society Conference (ACSC) in Yangon, Myanmar, saw a record attendance and provided a surprisingly open space for civil society. But the opposing trends of democratic developments and authoritarian backlash in the member states have also had significant repercussions at the regional level. In a time where civil liberties and human rights seem to be on the decline in the region
(e.g. Brunei's introduction of sharia law, the shooting of demonstrating textile
workers in Cambodia, Thailand's coup d'état), ASEAN civil society is presenting itself as organized as rarely before. But government crackdowns are on the rise, and nation states are denying civil society representatives space at the regional level. Civil society has the potential to address the democratic deficit of regional organizations
by establishing alternative regionalism from below. Civil society can give voice to transnationally marginalized groups, such as migrant
workers, whose interests are represented neither by their states of origin or residence
nor at the regional level. All justified doubts about the sincerity and sustainability of its transition process
notwithstanding, Myanmar has currently opened up spaces for civil society advocacy.
National organizations can benefit from interactions with the regional level. ASEAN's ambitious plan to establish a "people-centered" community is undermined by the reluctance of several member states to engage in dialogue with civil society. When faced with attempts to limit its space for participation, civil society has to adopt either an "inside-outside" or "outsider by choice" approach. If it wants to be accepted as a legitimate partner, civil society has to be transparent about the sources
of its own legitimacy and democratic internal structure.

Series on developing China - Translated research from China / Editorial Committee -- Preface : Paying attention to Chinese interpretations / Pan Shiwei -- Introduction : Academic inquiries into the "Chinese success story" / Deng Zhenglai -- pt. I. Civil society in China : A theoretical reflection. The construction of the Chinese civil society / Deng Zhenglai, Jing Yuejin. "Civil society" in modern China studies : Methodology and limitations / Yang Nianqun. Civil society in China : Concepts, classification and institutional environment / Yu Keping. Graduated control : Research on state-society relationship in contemporary Mainland China / Kang Xiaoguang, Han Heng. Evolution of interactive relationships among Chinese state, civil ruling elites and commoners before and after the reform / Sun Liping -- pt. II. A historical research on civil society. "State and society" in modern China : Research review and reflection / Zhu Ying. The ideas of civil society in Mainland China and Taiwan, 1986-92 / He Baogang. Public sphere in neoteric China : Forms, functions and self-understandings - A case study of Shanghai / Xu Jilin. Training ground for democracy : Associational life in China / Wang Shaoguang, He Jianyu. Chinese rural township government : A sequence of the expansive moments of the state in history / Wang Mingming -- pt. III. The modern development of civil society in China. The Wenzhou model of China's civil society / Zhou Jun, Yu Jianxing. Towards a corporatist development of civil society in China : Enabling state and mutual empowerment between state and society / Edward Gu. From major community standard to civil society : A rethinking of traditional China and its modernization / Qin Hui.

[L]ocal people acting within civil society groups are responding to violent religious extremism in unprecedented ways.

DOES CIVIL SOCIETY MATTER?: Governance in Contemporary India edited by Rajesh Tandon and Ranjita Mohanty is reviewed.

The concepts "nation‐building" and "civil society" have extensive roots in positive social theory, but both have been reborn as important prescriptive concepts in the context of foreign aid. Even as a normative concept, the term "civil society" means quite different things, as at least four models can be distinguished in the foreign aid context. More to the point, today's normative notions of nation‐building also vary, seemingly by the model of civil society that is being used. However it is construed, nation‐building faces serious problems that are both external and internal to those efforts. Externally, there is a problem of scale, as globalisation tends to outflank nation‐building; internally, the result of civil interactions do not always facilitate nation‐building efforts.

Transitional Justice and Civil Society in the Balkans covers civil society engagements with transitional justice processes in the Balkans. The Balkans are a region marked by the post-communist and post-conflict transitional turmoil through which its countries are going through. This volume is intended to provide a comprehensive introduction to research in transitional justice in this part of the world, mostly written by local scholars. Transitional justice is ever-growing field which responds to dilemmas over how successor regimes should deal with past human rights abuses of their authoritaria

This article takes stock of a plethora of recent works examining the flowering of transnational civil society activism in world politics. The author argues that this work contributes to a progressive research agenda that responds to a succession of criticisms from alternative perspectives. As the research program has advanced, new areas of inquiry have been opened up, including the need for a central place for normative international theory. The author also contends that the focus of this research on the transnationalization of civil society provides a trenchant response to an important puzzle concerning the leverage of civil society vis-à-vis the contemporary state in an era of globalization. Further, the liberal variant of transnational advocacy research constitutes a powerful theoretical counter not only to other nonliberal theories that privilege other agents or structures but also to other varieties of contemporary liberal international theory, such as those privileging preexisting domestic preference formation or state centric versions of liberal constructivism.

Civil Society in the Middle East is a project of the Department of Politics and the Koverkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, New York University. Project director is Augustus Richard Norton (Boston University). While there is wide disagreement about the outcome among those who follow events in the Middle East, there is little doubt that the regimes in the region are under increasing pressure from their citizens. In rich and poor states alike, incipient movements of men and women are demanding a voice in politics. Recent political developments in Jordan, Yemen, Lebanon, even the future state of Palestine, clearly show the vitality and dynamism of civil society, the melange of associations, clubs, guilds, syndicates, federations, unions, parties and groups which provide a buffer between state and citizen and which are now so clearly at the forefront of political liberalization in the region. Civil Society in the Middle East , a two-volume set of papers providing an unusually detailed and rich assessment of contemporary politics within the Middle East, and in this sense alone, quite literally peerless, is the result of a project of the Department of Politics and the Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York University. Volume I contains contributions by Augustus Richard Norton, Raymond A. Hinnebusch, Laurie Brand, Muhammad Muslih, Mustafa Kamil al-Sayyid, Ghanim al Najjar and Neil Hicks, Eva Bellin, Jill Crystal, Saad al-Din Ibrahim, and Alan Richards