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AbstractVictim‐offender mediation is no longer simply an experiment but is now established as an important and growing subfield of alternative dispute resolution. Research suggests high levels of client satisfaction and perceptions of fairness with both the process and outcome of mediated victim‐offender conflict. This article examines the extensive development and impact of the field in the United States, describing its historical roots as well as its rationales and program models. Similarities and differences with more common applications of mediation are identified, along with key research findings.

"Eine wichtige Komponente von Konfliktmanagement und Mediation besteht in der Verhandlung widerstreitender Interessen. Während sich die bisherige Forschung in diesem Bereich vor allem auf Situationen mit nur zwei Konfliktparteien konzentriert hat, behandelt dieser Beitrag einige Besonderheiten von multilateralen Verhandlungen. Das Aushandeln einer Einigung wird als das Aufstellen einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsregel, der Lösungsstrategie, charakterisiert. Eine prominente Regel ist das 'log-rolling', bei dem ein Ausgleich zwischen verschiedenen Verhandlungsthemen angestrebt wird. In der einfachsten Form beinhaltet log-rolling, bei wichtigen Themen auf der eigenen Position zu beharren, dafür aber bei unwichtigen Themen nachzugeben. In multilateralen Verhandlungen kann jedoch eine andere Form von log-rolling notwendig sein, bei der gerade die wichtigen Themen aufgegeben werden müssen, um der Gruppe ein möglichst gutes Ergebnis zu ermöglichen. In diesem Fall steht eine schwer nachvollziehbare Regel im Widerspruch zu einer leicht nachvollziehbaren. Es liegt ein Regelkonflikt vor, der zu schlechteren Verhandlungsergebnissen führen sollte. Diese Überlegungen werden in drei experimentellen Studien mit formalisierten Verhandlungsaufgaben in Rollenspielen überprüft. In zwei unterschiedlichen Szenarien, einer Geschäftsverhandlung und einer Friedensverhandlung, werden Interessen so vorgegeben, dass Verhandlungen mit und ohne Regelkonflikt entstehen. Wie sich zeigt, führt ein Regelkonflikt zu deutlich schlechteren Verhandlungsergebnissen. Dieser Effekt ist sehr robust und kann auch durch eine Strukturierung der Diskussion und zusätzliche Hilfestellungen für die Verhandlungsparteien nur ansatzweise aufgehoben werden. Es wird deshalb empfohlen, in multilateralen Konflikten eine möglichst flexible Suche nach Lösungsansätzen anzuregen und auch bei Positionen, die den Parteien besonders wichtig sind, nach Alternativen zu suchen. Eine vermittelnde Partei sollte ihre Unterstützung nicht nur auf die Generierung von Ansätzen, sondern insbesondere auf die Umsetzung dieser Ansätze konzentrieren." (Autorenreferat)

Abstract
For decades, the UN has failed to mediate a settlement in Cyprus because of a general and profound weakness: it is unable, outside of unity and resolve in the Security Council, to offer direct incentives to parties in conflict that would shape their calculus towards conflict resolution, or to control the actions of third parties in a way that would incentivize conflict resolution or prevent disincentives. In the resulting vacuum, the prospects for peace settlements come to rest largely on domestic politics within the contesting camps and, sometimes relatedly, on the balance of power between them. In the case of Cyprus, the article claims that these weaknesses on the part of the UN were clearly on display during the negotiation process surrounding the Annan Plan (2001–04) and the resumed process that began in 2008 and ended at Crans-Montana in 2017.

Provided is a conceptual rationale for the potential complementarity of international mediation & third-party consultation within the context of a contingency model. Social conflict is viewed as a dynamic process involving a mix of objective & subjective factors that changes over time, thus creating opportunities for different third-party interventions (TPIs). In the model, the various methods of intervention (eg, conciliation, pure mediation, consultation) are matched to one of four stages of conflict escalation where they are deemed to have the most influence on deescalation. TPIs are sequenced within the model to show how combining different methods might work toward the eventual resolution of the conflict. Within this context, mediation & consultation are seen as having two main points of complementarity: consultation that improves the relationship between the parties can serve a useful prenegotiation function; &, at a higher stage of escalation wherein power mediation, which is deemed useful to control hostility & gain settlement on some substantive issues, is followed by consultation to analyze & deescalate the conflict. The potential of the contingency model is illustrated through reference to the Cyprus conflict. Reasons for the success & failure of different TPIs attempted over a thirty-five year period are identified. It is concluded that the matching & sequencing of different TPIs may be necessary for positive influence, especially in highly escalated & protracted conflict. 2 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

This new textbook provides students with an accessible overview of the logic, evolution, application and outcomes of the five major approaches of the growing field of international conflict management: traditional peacekeepingpeace enforcement and support operationsnegotiation and bargainingmediationadjudication. The book aims to provide the student with a fuller understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these five techniques within the dynamic context of the contemporary security environment, especially in relation to recent and ongoing case studies of inter-state and intra-state conflict. To demonstrate the changing nature of security in the post-Cold War world, the text contrasts this with competing visions of security during the Cold War and earlier periods, and provides numerous points of comparison with the dominant causes, types, strategy, and prosecution of warfare in other eras. International Conflict Management will be essential reading for all students of conflict management, mediation, peacekeeping, peace and conflict studies, and international security in general. Michael J. Butler is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Government and International Relations at Clark University (USA).

Conflicts frequently arise over environmental issues such as land use, natural resource management, and laws and regulation, emerging from diverging interests and values among stakeholders. This book is a primer on causes of and solutions to such conflicts. It provides a foundational overview of the theory and practice of collaborative approaches to managing environmental disputes.Joshua D. Fisher explains the core concepts in collaborative conflict management and presents a clear, practical, and implementable framework for understanding and responding to environmental disputes. He details strategies to bring stakeholders together in pursuit of collective solutions, emphasizing ongoing processes of dialogue, analysis, action, and learning. This collaborative approach can create new opportunities for stakeholders to better understand each other and the natural world, which enables more effective and context-appropriate environmental governance. The primer examines why and how system dynamics can constrain or expand the possibility of constructive management of conflicts. It features a case study from the Amazon Basin, where local communities, extractive industry operators, conservationists, and land managers have often clashed over access to natural resources, drawing out lessons to illustrate how to adapt the conflict management framework to distinct contexts.Managing Environmental Conflict synthesizes knowledge, methods, and practices spanning consensus building, collaborative governance, complex adaptive systems science, environmental conflict resolution, and environmental peacebuilding. Its presentation of this important and timely topic will be invaluable for academics and practitioners alike, including decision makers, scientists, and conflict management professionals

TRANSGANG aims to develop a renewed model for the analysis of transnational youth gangs in the global age, in dialogue with two classics of urban ethnography, published nearly a century ago: The Gang, by F.M. Thrasher (1926) and The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, by W. I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki (1918- 1920). To do this, the project will start by a systematic review of the historical literature on youth gangs, which will try to overcome the north-Americancentrism, dominant in contemporary criminology. The central phase of the research will focus on a multisited and multilevel ethnography that will explore experiences in which gangs have acted as agents of mediation, as well as the barriers that have blocked these attempts. The project will compare street youth organizations from two transnational communities -Latinos and Arabs-, both in their homelands and in their new European neighbourhoods. Starting with three case studies of "good practices" in Barcelona, Medellin and Casablanca, which will be studied in depth, contrasts with other cases in which other policies have been implemented will be established: Madrid, Marseille and Milan in southern Europe; Oran, Tunis and Cairo in north Africa; Chicago, Santiago de Cuba and San Salvador in the Americas. Using an experimental approach based on the "extended case method", it will have as its theme the making of a film that collects the experience of members or former members of gangs who have participated in mediation experiences. The ultimate goal is to develop a renewed transnational, inter-generational, intergeneric and transmedia approach to Twenty-Firstcentury gangs, very different from the local, coeval, male and face-to-face model used for understanding gangs in the Twentieth century. Although the focus of the project is theoretical, its purpose is applied: to deduce more effective ways of intervention to prevent the hegemony of the criminal gang model that appears as dominant in the neoliberal era. ; The TRANSGANG project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's HORIZON 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 742705

Conflict resolution in a changing world / Committee on International Conflict Resolution -- Evaluating interventions in history : the case of international conflict resolution / Paul C. Stern and Daniel Druckman -- Defining moment : the threat and use of force in American foreign policy since 1989 / Barry M. Blechman and Tamara Cofman Wittes -- Economic sanctions and post-Cold War conflicts : challenges for theory and policy / Bruce W. Jentleson -- Spoiler problems in peace processes / Stephen John Stedman -- Ripeness : the hurting stalemate and beyond / I. William Zartman -- Interactive conflict resolution : a view for policy makers on making and building peace / Harold H. Saunders [and others] -- Interactive conflict resolution : issues in theory, methodology, and evaluation / Nadim N. Rouhana -- Past truths, present dangers : the role of official truth seeking in conflict resolution and prevention / Priscilla B. Hayner -- New challenges to conflict resolution : humanitarian nongovernmental organizations in complex emergencies / Janice Gross Stein -- Electoral systems and conflict in divided societies / Ben Reilly and Andrew Reynolds -- Autonomy as a strategy for diffusing conflict / Yash Ghai -- Language conflict and violence : the straw that strengthens the camel's back / David D. Laitin -- The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe : its contribution to conflict prevention and resolution / P. Terrence Hopmann.

Avruch reviews Taming Intractable Conflicts: Mediation in the Hardest Cases by Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the culturological basis of mediation on the basis of available literature on the problems of culturological aspects of mediation in the context of globalization. After all, the very mediation of culture in the context of globalization makes it possible to resolve extremely complex and controversial issues of social relations, both internal and external. In the context of globalization challenges, resolving the conflicts of international civilizational cooperation gives hope for the further preservation of peace on the globe and for the further evolution of the world community. In addition, the study of this problem allows us to ensure that this issue is not only relevant but also poorly researched.
The methodological basis of this scientific research is culturological methods of analysis of the mediating role of intercultural dialogue in the further establishment of international cooperation in the context of civilizational globalization.
The result of the research is constructive conclusions of the analysis of the existing literature on the issues of cultural mediation, demonstration of achievements in the process of resolving international conflict situations through indirect dialogue of cultures in the context of civilizational globalization.
The scientific novelty of the article is that by studying the achievements of indirect application of intercultural dialogue, the world community gets an additional opportunity for further international cooperation in resolving urgent conflict challenges, which allows the world community to maintain sustainable peace on the planet.
The practical significance of this article is that its results can be useful for further research on this topic. At the same time, they can become material in the process of preparing scientific and methodological documentation for cultural courses.

This paper examines some factors that may help to explain how mediators in international conflict structure their intervention & choose their behavior. We argue that mediators may adopt a range of strategies, which may be described as directive & nondirective strategies. We develop some hypotheses that link the effectiveness of these strategies to three basic factors, nature of the issues, membership of a common bloc, & perceptions of trust in a mediator. We use a data set on international mediation events in the 1945-1995 period to assess empirically how each of these affects mediation outcomes. We find that, in general, directive strategies are more effective than nondirective ones, & trust in a mediator is a particularly important dimension in explaining mediator strategy & success. 5 Tables, 29 References. Adapted from the source document.