Search results

Untersuchung der Wahlverfahren irischer Parteien bei der Nominierung von Kandidaten und der innerparteilichen Wahl eines Parteivorsitzenden sowie Analyse der Funktionen und der Bedeutung der Parteivorsitzenden innerhalb der jeweiligen Partei, des Regierungssystems bzw. des politischen Systems Irlands

Contemporary rising powers have often pursued a hesitant and ambiguous foreign-policy and have belied the expectations of potential followers and established powers who would want them to engage more actively in global and regional governance. The existing analytical toolbox of International Relations does not offer suitable concepts to make sense of the widespread phenomenon of states that pursue hesitant, inconsistent courses of action and do not bring to bear their power resources to coherently manage international crises that potentially affect them. A notion that is frequently employed to describe this peculiar type of foreign policy is that of 'reluctance', but this concept has not been systematically defined, discussed or theorized. This article aims to introduce the concept of reluctance into the field of International Relations. It develops a conceptualization of reluctance by identifying the concept's semantic field and discussing how reluctance relates to the similar but distinct notions of exceptionalism, isolationism, under-aggression and under-balancing (concept reconstruction); on that basis, the article outlines the constitutive dimensions of reluctance — hesitation and recalcitrance — and their operationalization (concept building). Several illustrative cases of (non-)reluctant rising powers are used to exemplify the concept structure and to show the analytical usefulness of the concept of reluctance, which refers to a distinct set of phenomena that are not addressed by other concepts in International Relations. An application of the concept allows us to identify policy shifts and differences across issue areas, as well as open up avenues for further research.

Contemporary rising powers have often pursued a hesitant and ambiguous foreign-policy and have belied the expectations of potential followers and established powers who would want them to engage more actively in global and regional governance. The existing analytical toolbox of International Relations does not offer suitable concepts to make sense of the widespread phenomenon of states that pursue hesitant, inconsistent courses of action and do not bring to bear their power resources to coherently manage international crises that potentially affect them. A notion that is frequently employed to describe this peculiar type of foreign policy is that of 'reluctance', but this concept has not been systematically defined, discussed or theorized. This article aims to introduce the concept of reluctance into the field of International Relations. It develops a conceptualization of reluctance by identifying the concept's semantic field and discussing how reluctance relates to the similar but distinct notions of exceptionalism, isolationism, under-aggression and under-balancing (concept reconstruction); on that basis, the article outlines the constitutive dimensions of reluctance — hesitation and recalcitrance — and their operationalization (concept building). Several illustrative cases of (non-)reluctant rising powers are used to exemplify the concept structure and to show the analytical usefulness of the concept of reluctance, which refers to a distinct set of phenomena that are not addressed by other concepts in International Relations. An application of the concept allows us to identify policy shifts and differences across issue areas, as well as open up avenues for further research.

L'article examine les implications politiques et théoriques du lien entre l'individu et l'histoire et prend comme référence le moment actuel de la pandémie COVID-19. Il met en lumière les réflexions de Fidel Castro, et d'autres penseurs marxistes qui l'ont précédé, sur le rôle des dirigeants dans l'histoire et les circonstances sociales dans lesquelles ils émergent et dirigent les masses. L'ouvrage reflète la crise du leadership politique international, dont l'incarnation est sans aucun doute le président des États-Unis Donald Trump, qui, dans le contexte de la pandémie, a fait preuve d'un mépris fondamental pour les peuples.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- A New Kind of Leadership? -- Asymmetric Warfare Operations. Research Framework and Some Methodological Remarks -- 1 Premise -- 2 A New Kind of Leadership? -- 3 Some Concepts and Definitions -- 4 The Research Framework -- 4.1 Some Notes on Methodology and Research Activity -- 4.2 National Samples Characteristics -- 5 Leadership and Military Leadership in Asymmetric Theatres. A Cross-National Comparison -- 5.1 The Many Aspects of a Complex Environment: Voices from the Ground in International Asymmetric Conflicts Operations -- 5.2 A Deeper Look: Two Country Cases -- Annex 1-The Questionnaire And Interviewer Guide -- References -- What Does Leadership Mean? -- 1 Introduction and Theoretical Remarks -- 2 The Leader -- 3 The Collaborators -- 4 The Organization -- 5 The Situation -- References -- From Culture to Leadership -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 3 The Study -- 3.1 Presentation -- 3.2 The Starting Hypotheses -- 3.3 The Variables Studied -- 3.4 The Method Used -- 4 The Results of the Survey -- 4.1 Perception of Cultural Diversity -- 4.2 Cultural Problems -- 4.3 Training -- 5 Conclusion: A New Model of Training -- 6 What About Leadership Concerning Cultural Diversity? -- References -- Leadership Problems for Armed Forces in Asymmetric Warfare Operations -- The Education and Training of Military Leaders for Crisis Management Environments: Perceptions of Its Suitability for Adaptive Expertise -- 1 Adaptive Expertise -- 2 Results -- 2.1 National Differences Between Basic and Specific Training -- 2.2 Experiences of Basic Training and Military Education -- 2.3 Experiences of Specific Training -- 2.4 Conclusions and Discussion -- References -- Military Interaction with Local Actors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Local Actors and the Mission: A Theoretical Approach -- 3 Local Actors and Soldiers in Interaction.