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In February 1998 the Senate Subcommittee of Veteran Affairs held hearings to discuss a proposed Holocaust gallery in the Canadian War Museum. The hearings ultimately led to a democratization of the museum's content and presentation. The controversy also helped lead to the creation of both the Canadian Museum of Human Rights in Winnipeg as well as the establishment of a National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa. Finally, by examining the Holocaust gallery controversy from the perspective of the present day, we can better appreciate a growing body of research that explores how the Canadian government, media, military and average citizen responded to the Holocaust. ; En février 1998, le sous-comité du Sénat des anciens combattants a organisé des audiences afin de débattre de la proposition de créer une galerie sur l'Holocauste au sein du Musée canadien de la guerre. Ces audiences ont permis une démocratisation de l'élaboration du contenu et de la présentation du Musée. La controverse suscitée a aussi permis la création du Musée canadien des Droits de la personne à Winnipeg et du Monument national de l'Holocauste à Ottawa. Analyser cette controverse dans une perspective actuelle amène à mieux appréhender l'historiographie gran -dissante portant sur les réponses du gouvernement, des médias, de l'armée et du citoyen lambda canadiens à l'Holocauste.

This article examines Muslims who lived under the rule of the military Order of Calatrava in Medieval Castile. Recent studies have shown that the presence of Muslims in the lands administered by this military order was more complex and varied than it had been previously suspected, and that it goes beyond slaves and aljamas. As a consequence, new questions must be posed as to how Muslim rural communities in these lands were framed by Christian authorities both to collect the revenue they created and regarding other aspects of everyday life. ; El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar de nuevo sobre los musulmanes que vivieron bajo el dominio de la Orden de Calatrava en la Baja Edad Media en Castilla. Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en los últimos años han mostrado que la presencia islámica en estas tierras es más compleja de lo que se venía asumiendo y va más allá de las aljamas y los esclavos de la orden. En consecuencia, deben plantearse preguntas sobre cómo las comunidades rurales que hubo en estos territorios fueron encuadradas por las autoridades cristianas para recepción de rentas y otros aspectos de la vida cotidiana.

The current impact of social networks, especially Twitter, on the political communication strategies is transforming the way in which the electoral campaigns are organized. The purpose of this article within this context is to analyze the retweets issued by the leading presidential candidates during the electoral campaign for the 2016 Spanish general elections. By means of a mixed methodology where quantitative and qualitative methods of research are applied, it is possible to observe the relationship between politicians and the social environment, especially the mass media and citizens. ; La relevancia que poseen las redes sociales dentro de las estrategias de la comunicación política, especialmente en el caso de Twitter, está transformando el modo en que se gestionan las propias campañas electorales. En este contexto, este artículo tiene como objeto el análisis de los retweets emitidos por los principales candidatos durante la campaña electoral a la presidencia de Gobierno que tuvo lugar en 2016. A través del empleo de un método mixto, donde se aplican técnicas de investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa, se visualiza el retweet como la relación que mantienen los políticos con el entorno social, especialmente con los medios de comunicación y los ciudadanos.

Our society's response to violence against women tends to focus on treating symptoms like improving security and punishing offenders while avoiding causes and prevention. Other usual responses are self-defense training, discussing gun control and violent media, and legislation. These measures are important, but they do not address the origins of the problem. What part of the problem lies with the environment and what part lies with the violent individual? Are violent people born or made? Do events that occur before we can remember matter? Is human nature compatible with society? This presentation explores these questions, society's attitude toward human nature, and implications for individual and social development. It challenges cultural beliefs about children and explores early environmental influences that are associated with later violent behavior. Participants will learn how these beliefs and practices are perpetuated and ideas for advocating change. Using what is known from animal and infant experiments, brain development studies, amazing anecdotes of infant behavior, and other cultures, this presentation identifies generally unrecognized important factors connected with violence. It also describes social customs and values associated with violent and peaceful cultures, including specific principles that can contribute to peace and happiness among family, friends, and the world.

Mexicans will be electing a new president on the 1st of July. The last legislature (2006-2012) has come to an end with more than 56 000 victims, most of them killed inhumanely. The importance of the «narco-State» has imposed its own law. However, the electoral campaign has given hope when least expected: university students in all Mexico have created a movement whose aim is the return of democracy and putting an end to the impunity of the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) and the most important media, lead by Televisa. ; El próximo 1 de julio los mejicanos elegirán un nuevo presidente. La última legislatura (2006-2012) ha terminado con más de 56.000 víctimas, la mayoría sacrificada de forma atroz y sanguinaria. El peso del narco-estado ha acabado imponiendo su ley. La campaña electoral, sin embargo, ha acabado alumbrando luces y esperanzas cuando nadie las esperaba: los estudiantes universitarios de todo Méjico se han constituido en un movimiento cuyo objetivo es la vuelta a la democracia y la finalización de la impunidad de los candidatos del PRI y de los grandes medios de comunicación con Televisa al frente.

Various media-theoretical studies have recently characterized the fourth industrial revolution as a process of all-encompassing technicization and cybernetization. Against this background, this paper seeks to show the timely and critical potential of Günther Anders's magnum opus Die Antiquiertheit des Menschen vis-à-vis the ever-increasing power of cybernetic devices and networks. Anders has both witnessed, and negotiated, the process of cybernetization from its very beginning, having criticised not only its tendency of automatization and expansion, but also the circular logic and the "integral power" it rests upon, including the destructive consequences for the constitution of the political and the social. In this vein, Anders's oeuvre can indeed shed new light on the techno-logically organized milieus of the contemporary digital regime. The aim of the essay is, thus, not only to emphasize the contemporariness of Anders's critical thought, but also use it to frame a critique vis-à-vis current neo-technocratic and, ultimately, post-political concepts, such as "algorithmic regulation", "smart states", "direct technocracy", and "government as platform". The essay finally seeks to, through Anders's lens, address the question of the position and role of the critic in relation to ever expanding technical environments.

With production moving offshore in the race to the bottom, necessary to satisfy increased demand for more garments and faster trends delivered at lower prices, fashion in the developed world has become not just fast, but disposable. One of the 'successes' of the twentieth-century fashion industry was to democratize fashion; by adopting mass production techniques and sourcing from low-wage economies, fashion retailers were able to produce runway looks at more affordable prices. Concurrently, developments in fashion media sped up the communication of fashion and we have seen an exponential proliferation of enticing creative imagery circulating from brands, models, online influencers and passionate amateurs. Consequently, rates of fashion consumption have risen, unacceptable working conditions continue for many, and the fashion industry is facing complex and demanding challenges including resources, climate change, waste, labour conditions and income inequality. Much as we now understand how garment design has an exponential impact on a garment's sustainability, and recognize that incorporating sustainable design principles is paramount, so those of us in fashion education should prioritize sustainability in our curriculum design and increasingly, I have felt a responsibility to bring these issues into the classroom, to design a fashion education that acknowledges and addresses ethical and sustainable aspects of fashion.

Combating terrorism is one of the foreign policy of the United States (US). The Islamic State of Iraq and The Levant (ISIL) or The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is one of the movement deemed terrorists and has disturbed world peace. Ultimately the US decided to intervene to deal with the frequent acts of terror by ISIS which resulted in gross human rights violations. This article aims to find out how the US intervention to combat human rights abuses and acts of terror that have been done by ISIS. The research method which was used in this research is library research method, such as books, articles, journals, and various media which were relevant to this research. It has been found that the form of settlement efforts to reduce human rights violations, the US made preventive and repressive efforts. In preventive efforts, the US created an international coalition to gain support to counter terror committed by ISIS. Then the repressive effort is humanitarian intervention in the form of military aid and humanitarian aid. The US donates $ 1.2 billion annually and 350 million dollars as a form of military and humanitarian aid to combat ISIS.

Enjoy Jakarta is a new slogan from Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta to promote tourism in Jakarta. Through the tagline of Enjoy Jakarta, the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta through the Department of Tourism and Culture wants to retail Jakarta as an attention-grabbing city to visit. Based on the website www.jakarta-tourism.go.id, there are all recommendations regarding with tourism in Jakarta, ranging from history and culture of Jakarta, events, destinations, to brochures and electronic guidebooks, which can be downloaded. It is fascinating to see on how content from the Enjoy Jakarta website sells countless capitalist products, such as in destination categories, events, and up to the basic information. This paper performs a critical analysis of "Enjoy Jakarta" tourism by utilizing Marxist analysis method. This analysis is carried out using the Marxist rationale teaching and applying these Marxist concepts to the public art form created by the media. Marxist analysis is done on the content embedded in the website of www.jakarta- tourism.go.id. The results of this study indicate that tourism in Jakarta is displayed in the form of selling products of capitalism. Tourism is identic by shopping at malls, savoring culinary in famous restaurant brands, and various activities organized by the bourgeoisie.

Today the modern representative democracy based on the rule of the people is facing various challenges pointing at a state of crisis. Apart from an ongoing political debate about the theoretical concept, recent empirical data indicate that the traditional relation between the political system and the citizens is problematic as well. The overall research question is the following: Why is representative democracy in crisis and how should it be reconsidered and reformed? The political debate on the democratic model is structured in two forms of criticism to support the claim that the representative democracy needs to be rethought. First, theoretical criticism of Schumpeter, Green, Chomsky, Crouch and Brown is presented. Second, contemporary critics are Brennan and Tormey. Basis for this analysis is the social and political situation in Germany. Key terms are consumerism and the media, social inequality, public disappointment, distrust, disinterest, lack of political knowledge and the rise of populism. Several alternative responses to the crisis are evaluated. The first is an alternative perspective on the role of the citizen whereas the second calls to replace democracy with a form of epistocracy. This chapter develops a set of recommendations on how to respond to the crisis of representative democracy.

The Police play a key role in maintaining law and order and safeguarding the security of the nation and its citizens. To enable them to discharge their constitutional mandate, they are entrusted with powers such as the power to arrest, detain, search, and to use force. However, police officers have often abused these powers with serious consequences on the image and operations of the organisation. The media is often inundated with news on unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, unlawful methods of investigations, and the excessive use of force. It is without a doubt that these incidences of abuse of powers and functions by the police come at a price. This study, a survey conducted with 91 respondents (83 members of public and 8 police officers) in 2 policing districts in Zimbabwe reveals wanton violation of human rights, police brutality, and the abuse of power which have resulted in both social and economic costs to the Police service and government of Zimbabwe through Civil suits against the police. Among other issues, training and decisiveness in dealing with the implicated police officers were viewed as the most effective ways for dealing with police abuse of power.

Given the dynamic development of the new media, in particular the Internet, the social, economic and cultural fields of modern life are undergoing changes as well as many others. New technologies have also had an impact on political and civil activities. Direct democracy and its tools are subjects of changes resulting from development of new technologies. The consequence of ICT impact on direct democracy is appearing a notion "electronic (or digital) direct democracy". The electronic form of direct governance has ICT-based tools of exercising power that are or can be used by citizens as an instrument for co-participating in shaping political life and decisions. These considerations aim to answer the question of how the use of the Internet can influence modern democracy, in particular the direct form of governance. The author intends to answer the following research questions: how are the instruments of direct democracy, such as referenda, popular initiative and popular assembly (and, by this token, direct democracy) changing (or how they might change) following the application of the Internet or other ICTs? What opportunities and threats might ICTs employed in direct democracy bring for democracy, authorities and society?

En este trabajo se estudian las Administraciones tributarias autonómicas españolas, en sus funciones gestoras tributarias. Para esto, se estiman los niveles de eficiencia y el cambio productivo experimentado en 2004-2012; mediante el Análisis envolvente de datos y el índice de productividad de Malmquist. También se realiza un análisis "cluster" para clasificar las Administraciones en grupos homogéneos de gestión. Los resultados muestran una eficiencia media del 90,81% y una mejora productiva del 3,35%. Además, se obtiene independencia en la clasificación de las Administraciones, realizada por el Análisis envolvente de datos y por el análisis "cluster", con un acierto del 48% de los casos. ; This paper deals with the regional tax management administered by the Spanish subnational levels of government o Autonomous Communities. Using Data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity index, we estimate both efficiency level and productivity change in the period 2004-2012. In order to arrange the regional tax management in homogeneous groups, we use a "cluster" analysis. The results of the estimation are an average efficiency of 90.8% and a productivity improvement of 3.4%. The Data envelopment analysis and "cluster" analysis show independence in the classification of the Autonomous Communities, with a 48% success.

In order to alleviate the situation that bad money drives out good in the produce market within the context of incomplete information, as well as bridge the gap between demand and product surplus, establishing and improving the safety certification system for farm produce is an urgent need. This paper discusses factors that affect consumers&rsquo ; purchase of pork with safety certificates in the setting of incomplete information. Data from 844 consumers in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, along with a structural equation model, are adopted to study consumers&rsquo ; purchase intention of certified safe pork form. According to our studies, major factors refer to degree of understanding, degree of concern, recognition ability, government publicity, pork&rsquo ; s origin information, consumers&rsquo ; educational levels, income levels, and consumers&rsquo ; evaluation of government supervision. Accordingly, suggestions are provided as follows. Above all, enhancing education and training of food safety is conducive to lead consumers&rsquo ; behaviors in a correct way. Next, news media and social public opinions can play a stronger role in guidance and supervision. Thirdly, an upgraded legal system should be accompanied by better policy implementation. Finally, strengthening the origin certification system and promoting a sense of brand are of significance.

Child related problems in Indonesia have demonstrated more serious concerns both in the variety of cases as well as its incidences and intensities. The data reported by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission recently indicates significant increases of child related problems influenced by parental divorce, children unfriendly television show, violence happened at school, and social media related pornography. Being the victims of the problems stated above, affected children are at higher risk to become perpetrators of physical, psychological, and sexual violence in the future. These days, children are also prone for trafficking and exploitation (both as factory workers and as prostitutes through online prostitution). Research findings and professional practices of child psychology in Indonesia have contributed to the management of problems mentioned above, for the development of promotion and prevention programs, and for being involved in creating specific intervention. Postgraduate students undertaking professional psychology in Indonesia have been given internship or placement opportunities to be involved in managing children's problems aiming for optimizing the children's development and for developing suitable interventions. However, the field of child psychology in Indonesia is facing bigger challenges to take more important roles, in particular suggesting vital government policies as preventive and protective actions which address the above concerns.