Suchergebnisse

In the context of crisis of Latin American populist goverments, some authors have made a comparison between these goverments and classic populisms of the region. Using Gramscian categories, mainly the passive revolution concept, these analyzes see in the populist intervention a closure from above of the social dynamics that would have encouraged the beginning of these processes. Taking up some background of this discussion in the Argentine social sciences, this paper tries to problematize the interpretation of Latin American populisms —both classic and current— that underlies those views and proposes in that sense a review of the origins of Peronism. ; El ciclo político regional de los últimos años ha reabierto una serie de discusiones que parecían desterradas del campo político e intelectual. Recientemente, frente a la crisis de varias de las experiencias políticas de la región, distintos autores han intentado hacer un balance de este ciclo a partir de una comparación con los populismos clásicos latinoamericanos. Recurriendo a categorías de origen gramsciano, principalmente el modelo de la llamada revolución pasiva, estos análisis ven en la intervención populista una clausura desde arriba de las dinámicas sociales que habrían animado el inicio de estos procesos. Retomando algunos antecedentes de este debate en las ciencias sociales argentinas, este trabajo intenta problematizar la visión de los populismos latinoamericanos —tanto clásicos como actuales— que subyace en dichas miradas y, en ese sentido, propone una relectura de los orígenes del peronismo en relación a estas categorías.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre conocimiento histórico y posicionamiento político de los jóvenes de la escuela media, entre 15 y 18 años. Para tal fin, fue utilizado el método de levantamiento de datos cuantitativos para obtener un retrato general de esta relación. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados en las ciudades de Ponta Grossa- PR y Castro- PR, ambas de la región de Campos Gerais, entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2017. El tema elegido para la reflexión sobre posicionamiento político y conocimiento histórico fue el periodo entre 1964- 1985 en Brasil, cuando el país fue gobernado por los militares. Los datos levantados permiten percibir que los jóvenes que presentan mayor conocimiento histórico sobre el periodo acaban también por adherir a soluciones más complejas ; These paper aims discuss the relationship between historical knowledge and the political positioning of young people from the high school, between 15 and 18 years old. For do this, a quantitative data collection method was used to give a general picture of this relationship. The questionnaires were applied in Ponta Grossa - PR and Castro - PR, both of them in the Campos Gerais region, between May and June of 2017. The chosen topic to reflect about the political positioning and historical knowledge was the period about 1964-1985 in Brazil, while the country was governed by the military. The data collected allows us to perceive that the young people who present a bigger historical knowledge about the period adhere to more complex solutions

Indonesia plays an important role in the ASEAN region as well as in the global community, therefore investment policy become one of the major concern to government. To meet and accomodate the business enviroment both domestic and overseas that need capital investment, thus to develop the economic growth and build a suistainable economic stability in the region as well as for the people of Indonesia, it is neccessary to stipulate the inevestment law that provide all the need . Therefore the government has replaced the old law with the new Investment Law, the law No 25 of 2007. The Law provides the basic principle of legal certainty, non discrimination and same treatment for investors both domestic and overseas. The principles of opennes, accountability, togetherness and the concept of repatriation support the friendly investment atmosphere in Indonesia. As well as the supportive fasilities and easy procedure for investors to invest and build business in Indonesia. One of important issues regarding to Investment law is to increase the direct investment, instead of indirect investment that its contribution has a difference impact to the real sectors and economic growth.The question is the law and supportive law accomodatively provides the need of investment enviroment, knowing the economic growth has been influenced by the era of globalization and in fact Indonesia has signed and ratified international agreement as well. This writing will give a slighty persfective according to Indonesian Investment law and other supportive law, both national and international . Keywords: Law, Investment, Government Regulation, Principles, international law

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre conocimiento histórico y posicionamiento político de los jóvenes de la escuela media, entre 15 y 18 años. Para tal fin, fue utilizado el método de levantamiento de datos cuantitativos para obtener un retrato general de esta relación. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados en las ciudades de Ponta Grossa- PR y Castro- PR, ambas de la región de Campos Gerais, entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2017. El tema elegido para la reflexión sobre posicionamiento político y conocimiento histórico fue el periodo entre 1964- 1985 en Brasil, cuando el país fue gobernado por los militares. Los datos levantados permiten percibir que los jóvenes que presentan mayor conocimiento histórico sobre el periodo acaban también por adherir a soluciones más complejas ; These paper aims discuss the relationship between historical knowledge and the political positioning of young people from the high school, between 15 and 18 years old. For do this, a quantitative data collection method was used to give a general picture of this relationship. The questionnaires were applied in Ponta Grossa - PR and Castro - PR, both of them in the Campos Gerais region, between May and June of 2017. The chosen topic to reflect about the political positioning and historical knowledge was the period about 1964-1985 in Brazil, while the country was governed by the military. The data collected allows us to perceive that the young people who present a bigger historical knowledge about the period adhere to more complex solutions

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) integration is a pressing concern for Australia. Normative instruments such as Strategies, Policies, and Plans are among the principal ways that Local Governments (LGs) use to promote CCA & DRR integration. To understand how CCA & DRR integration is promoted into Strategies, Policies, and Plans by Australian LGs, the paper performs a content analysis of documents in Singleton, Newcastle, and Lake Macquarie - three LGs located in the Hunter region, New South Wales (NSW). Findings indicate that: (i) the three selected LGs recognize that climate change exacerbates frequency and intensity for hazards; (ii) some documents include common goals for promoting CCA, showing synergies among different topics; (iii) documents recommend CCA measures for several aspects of the built environment, including land-use, building standards, and infrastructure and asset materials; and, (iv) public participation mechanisms were proposed to enact CCA measures. While these measures are important, understanding how CCA will be implemented is still necessary. Fragmentation exists between CCA goals in these LGs and future programs by the NSW government for the built environment in the Hunter region. Additionally, efforts are required to understand how public participation mechanisms can contribute to addressing vulnerabilities to climate change-related hazards. Finally, the initial evidence shows that the Lake Macquarie LG shows greater commitment in CCA & DRR integration than Newcastle and Singleton LGs. The paper demonstrates that a focus on how LGs promote CCA & DRR integration into Strategies, Policies, and Plans can extend our understanding of climate change response by LGs.

The history of labour mobilization for industry of large scale in a global imperial context has often described debt as one of the most essential means of workers' subjugation. In many industries, in various regions of the globe, the mechanisms of debt bondage were such that once a worker accepted any form of credit from an employer or recruiter, he or she could hardly wilfully withdraw his or her labour power, lest severe fines or a jail sentence (often including hard labour to the state's benefit) be the outcome. Yet, debt or credit did not involve identical mechanisms through time and space. And, perhaps, certain mechanisms have not yet been captured in the literature. In what follows, credit for contract workers is examined in the context of the first mechanized gold mines in the Gold Coast and its protectorates, in the region of modern-day Ghana, to make several fine points about credit, trust and risk. Above all, the following question is posed: whereas historians often equate recruits for colonial commerce with wage slaves, could it be that amongst the potential West African wage workers in the mines, the most vulnerable actually lacked the possibility of being recruited and brought to urban work sites because not being in a condition of indebtedness in their rural homes made them too risky as candidates for labour recruitment to select? In short, were the very poor excluded from the labour force in the mines in the nineteenth century because of 'a social need to be indebted'?

Monitoring protocols are needed to evaluate the millions of hectares of land that are being proposed for forest restoration in the coming decades. Standardized proposals are critical to evaluate efficacy of restoration strategies, identify triggers for corrective actions, compare results across projects, and generally learn from past projects to inform future restoration efforts. We describe an iterative process, including over 200 stakeholders, to develop a protocol for monitoring Brazilian Atlantic Forest restoration. We give an overview of the ecological, socioeconomic, and management criteria, indicators, and metrics included in the protocol. Strengths of the protocol include the following: (a) testing and use across sites with a range of ages, forest types, past land uses, restoration techniques, and implementing institutions; (b) participation by a broad range of government, nongovernment, private, and academic institutions in the protocol development process; and (c) inclusion of socioeconomic and management criteria. Next steps for facilitating the broad adoption of the protocol in the Atlantic Forest region include providing in person and online training courses, establishing an online repository for storing and comparing monitoring data, and developing smartphone applications to facilitate data collection. Although the protocol was developed for the Atlantic Forest context and further refinements are needed, we think that the Atlantic Forest Pact monitoring protocol may serve as a model to inform the development of similar protocols in other regions, which ultimately could be integrated to produce a pantropical protocol for common use by several restoration forest programs worldwide.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disease-associated variants are preferentially found in regulatory regions in immune cells, particularly CD4+ T cells. Linking such regulatory regions to gene promoters in disease-relevant cell contexts facilitates identification of candidate disease genes. RESULTS: Within four hours, activation of CD4+ T cells invokes changes in histone modifications and enhancer RNA transcription that correspond to altered expression of the interacting genes identified by promoter capture Hi-C (PCHi-C). By integrating PCHi-C data with genetic associations for five autoimmune diseases we prioritised 245 candidate genes with a median distance from peak signal to prioritised gene of 153 kb. Just under half (108/245) prioritised genes related to activation-sensitive interactions. This included IL2RA, where allele-specific expression analyses were consistent with its interaction-mediated regulation, illustrating the utility of the approach. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic experimental framework offers an alternative approach to candidate causal gene identification for variants with cell state-specific functional effects, with achievable sample sizes. ; This work was funded by the JDRF (9-2011-253), the Wellcome Trust (089989, 091157, 107881), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/L007150/1, MC_UP_1302/5), the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J004480/1) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 241447 (NAIMIT). The Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) is in receipt of a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (100140).

Idealism various groups of political Islam failed to change the political landscape of the Middle East and some other regions. Political Islam is not won power, while the old regimes are still in power. Western powers are increasingly plugging hegemony (political, economic, cultural) in the region. Political Islam is also not always successfully display the values contained in the ideals of fundamentalism in the form of the application of religious laws in politics. Islamic fundamentalists in some places only produce changes that are not significant in the fields of law, politics and economics. In this case, fundamentalism does emphasize the application of Sharia totally, but often do not care about the character of the political system. The variant of the traditional and modern fundamentalism fundamentalism can be seen also shift to the neo-fundamentalism. Orientation and strategy of neo-fundamentalism is the master of society through social action, far from being revolutionary, neo-fundamentalists are now entering into civil society and political classes. Although the character of the revolution is lost, the symbols of Islam seeped into the public and political discourse of Islam. Neo-fundamentalism seeks re-islamization society at grassroots level, and no longer through the country. Fundamentalists are directing the struggle in the birth of an Islamic society and Islamic space. This shift has seen as a symbol of Islamic fundamentalism in the political failure that resulted in a significant change in the weight of thought and movement.Copyright (c) 2017 by KARSA. All right reserved DOI:10.19105/karsa.v25i1.1357

This paper demonstrates that a new crisis has emerged in the Himalayas in recent years, as five decades of well-intentioned policy responses failed to tackle escalating environment and development challenges. It then suggests some practical pathways for achieving what we term transformative resilience in the region. Our analysis draws on a critical review of literature, combined with individual co-authors' longstanding experience in the region in both research and policy arenas. We highlight how the neo-Malthusian Theory of Himalayan Degradation continues to shape simplistic responses to environment and development problems of a multi-faceted nature, in the vulnerable, complex and politicized contexts of the Himalayas. A key reason for this failure is an obsession with technical reasoning underpinned by the dominance of biophysical analyses of the problems, which have, in most cases, undermined the potential for emancipatory political transformations. The failure is visible in various ways: poverty remains, while environmental vulnerabilities have increased. Foreign aid has often been counter-productive and 'blue-print' development planning has been fragmented and dysfunctional. Likewise, livelihood opportunities and social capital have seriously eroded due to unprecedented political crises, out-migration, abandonment of productive mountain lands and unregulated remittance economies. We term this phenomenon a 'new Himalayan crisis'. In response, we argue for the need to open up a transformative agenda for integrating approaches to environment and development challenges, emphasizing an emancipatory multi-scalar politics that has the potential to open up sustainable pathways in the context of dynamic social and ecological changes in the Himalayas.

Altres ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union and CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya. Funded by SCOAP3. ; Measurements of jet activity in top-quark pair events produced in proton-proton collisions are presented, using 3.2 fb of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are chosen by requiring an opposite-charge pair and two b -tagged jets in the final state. The normalised differential cross-sections of top-quark pair production are presented as functions of additional-jet multiplicity and transverse momentum, . The fraction of signal events that do not contain additional jet activity in a given rapidity region, the gap fraction, is measured as a function of the threshold for additional jets, and is also presented for different invariant mass regions of the system. All measurements are corrected for detector effects and presented as particle-level distributions compared to predictions with different theoretical approaches for QCD radiation. While the kinematics of the jets from top-quark decays are described well, the generators show differing levels of agreement with the measurements of observables that depend on the production of additional jets.

Phylogenetic inference and molecular taxonomy are becoming increasingly important approaches to classical morphological systematics and marine ecology. The number of molecular markers suitable for such goals is quite high, but general use restricts the list to a few of them, mainly mitochondrial (namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI and Cytochrome b), especially in copepods. The ribosomal cistronic regions have been widely used for broad phylogenetic analyses in different taxa. Among them, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS rDNA) are powerful tools for phylogenetic reconstructions at the different taxonomic levels, although not yet extensively used for copepods. In the present work, we tested the suitability of ITS2 rDNA marker to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of calanoid copepods using sequences retrieved from GenBank, complementing the phylogenetic positions of the species studied with their morphological and ecological traits. Through ITS2 rDNA we provided the first molecular evidence for the invasive calanoid Pseudodiaptomus marinus from the Mediterranean Sea (Lake Faro, Sicily, Italy), and compared it with the GenBank ITS2 sequences for P. marinus from Korea and other calanoid species. The divergence of the sequences of our P. marinus from those of Korean specimens was quite prominent (4.4%) and allowed us to hypothesise either a new forma living in the Mediterranean or a cryptic species. This study highlights the appropriateness of ITS2 for phylogenetic reconstructions and species identification, as well as for barcoding, meta-barcoding and phylogeographic approaches, and evidences the need for a more thorough knowledge of ribosomal regions in copepods from different sites.

В статье проводится анализ общественных и политических процессов на территории бывшей Советской Молдавии с точки зрения причин возникновения и факторов воздействия на становление гражданской идентичности в Приднестровской республике. Обосновывается взаимосвязь внешних вызовов и угроз приднестровской государственности с процессом консолидации общества, осознанием своей единой гражданской идентичности и, как следствие, выбором на референдуме 2006 г. геополитического вектора развития страны, связанного с Россией.The foundation of Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) was proclaimed in 1990 at the nation-wide referendum. At that time, internationally minded and citizenly active population of the region came out against aggressive nationalism, unification with Romania and ban on use of Russian language, which was dominating in the region. The author traces the history of the Transnistria. The end of 1980s was the time of collision of two identities: one had in its basis the Moldavian-Romanian language policy (Kishinev), the other one the pro-Russian policy (Tiraspol). Transnistria found itself under permanent economic and political pressure imposed by Moldova, with Ukraine joining to this blockade. Transnistrian civil society reacted to these activities of Moldovan and Ukrainian authorities by consolidating itself. Civil identity of Transnistrians, forming in the atmosphere of external challenges and threats, became fundamental for viability of Transnistria. In 2006 at a regular referendum, Transnistrians defined the geopolitical vector of their country's development to be together with Russia. Although the international community did not recognize the results of the referendum, it was extremely important for internal consolidation of society, as well as for the recognition by the population of its united civil identity.

Eating is an inevitable part of every journey and therefore, expanding the gastronomic offer should be a priority for the tourism industry. There are dishes popular among tourists in particular parts of Poland and they are indicated in this paper. The regions are connected with the products which added to the List of Traditional Products have an opportunity to become famous not only in the country but also to become a great export commodity. However, agri-food products are under special protection and have the potential to become unbeatable in the gastronomic offer when enlisted in the European Union system of Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed. Also current trails in Poland are presented in the paper. On such culinary trails, a tourist can become familiar with both regional flavours and traditions as well as with local customs. There are not too many of them in our country, but new ones are constantly being established and becoming more and more popular. A questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate the attractiveness of a regional cuisine and its importance in tourism. It consisted of questions concerning the knowledge of regional dishes and the willingness to know them. On the basis of the obtained results, it has been stated that a potential tourist is interested in getting to know new dishes. However, she or he does not know many regional dishes. There were also problems with names and locating the dishes in a particular region correctly.

В статье рассматривается методика определения параметров интеграционной активности России в отношении государств Центральной Азии в период 1992-2009 гг. Охарактеризована специфика современных интеграционных процессов. Дано определение понятия интеграционной политики. Представлены составленные автором таблицы, которые демонстрируют динамику внешнеполитических контактов между представителями разных уровней власти РФ и государств Центральной Азии (Казахстана, Узбекистана, Кыргызстана, Туркменистана, Таджикистана). Показано, что в качестве параметров российской интеграционной политики относительно стран региона можно использовать соотношение данных динамики их внешнеполитических контактов на разных уровнях представительства с данными внешнеторгового оборота между ними. На основе применения авторской методики выявления параметров интеграционной политики России были сделаны выводы, касающиеся ее специфики в отношении государств региона в обозначенный период ; Technique of determining the parameters of Russian integration activity towards Central Asian States (1992-2009) has been described. The specific of modern integration process has been characterized. The author has drawn up tables which demonstrate the dynamics of foreign political contacts between representatives of different levels of the official authorities of the Russian Federation and Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan). It was shown that as the parameters of Russian integration policy regarding the countries of the region is possible to use the ratio of data dynamics of foreign political contacts at different levels of representation with the foreign trade data between them. On the basis of the application of the author's technique of revealing of Russian integration policy parameters have been made findings relating to its specificity regarding states of the region in this period.