This volume is based on the 2004 series of the Oxford Amnesty Lectures, one of the world's leading name lecture series. In it major figures in philosophy, political science, law, psychoanalysis, sociology, and literature address the challenges that displacement, asylum, and migration pose to our notions of human rights. - ;There are few issues more urgently in need of intelligent analysis both in the UK and elsewhere than those relating to displacement, asylum, and migration. In this volume, based on the 2004 Oxford Amnesty Lectures, major figures in philosophy, political science, law, psychoa
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Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; Le Mali, trait d'union entre l'Afrique du Nord et l'Afrique subsaharienne, a toujours été un lieu de brassage de population. Il a également vu naître de grands empires dont la composition et la recomposition sont à l'origine d'une longue tradition migratoire. Cette tradition migratoire s'est développée au travers de trois étapes importantes : le commerce transsaharien, la traite atlantique et la période coloniale. Au départ, la migration était l'apanage de deux groupes : les Soninkés et les Peuls. Ces derniers avaient recours à une main d'œuvre saisonnière de remplacement, rémunérée avec l'argent envoyé par leurs migrants. Puis la migration s'est généralisée à l'ensemble des couches de la société par le fait même de son développement parmi les Soninkés et les Peuls. Elle s'est ensuite considérablement accrue sous l'effet conjugué de la détérioration des conditions de vie, de la pression démographique, et des mutations sociales, comme l'aspiration des jeunes et des femmes à davantage de liberté. Les actions visant à limiter les mouvements migratoires telles que la mise en œuvre de plans d'aménagement du territoire ou encore la création de pôles régionaux de développement, n'ont pas eu les effets escomptés, notamment parce que les ressources engagées n'étaient pas à la hauteur des objectifs. En réaffirmant récemment sa volonté d'intégrer les questions migratoires au cœur de sa stratégie de développement socio-économique, le gouvernement malien mise désormais sur le co-développement et défend une approche plus positive axée sur la migration légale et le soutien aux programmes de lutte contre la pauvreté. Abstract As a hyphen between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, Mali has long been a place of the meeting and mixing of populations. It was, indeed, the cradle of great empires whose creation and recreation stand at the beginning of a long migratory tradition. This migratory tradition went through three distinct stages: Trans-Saharan trade, Atlantic trade and, finally, the colonial period. At the beginning, migration was restricted to certain specific groups, the Soninke and Peulh. At home, labor shortages brought about by emigration were filled by seasonal immigrant workers, who were paid using money sent by migrants abroad. The migratory phenomenon though also began to touch other groups. It developed owing to a deterioration in living conditions, the result of the weak performance of the local economy and population increase in the context of a globalized world where young people and women also have expectations. Attempts to control migratory flows through, for example, the implementation of suitable programs and country planning and the creation of regional poles of development were under-resourced and did not have the desired effects. Today Mali is attempting to use the concept of co-development to bring about a more positive approach to migratory questions, particularly legal immigration, and poverty-fighting programs. In doing so it is affirming its political determination to use new structures, making migration part of socio-economic development.
This paper will address two views on the problem of security and migration: A state-centric view focusing on state security (alias "social security"), and a human-centric view focusing on human security.
"Examines the literary and cultural archive of migration stories surrounding the 1947 Partition of India following Indian independence. Considers the representation of refugees, secularism, and gendered citizenship and how these narratives about migration and community influence and challenge dominant ideas about secularism and citizenship in India and the diaspora"--
This essay seeks to examine transnational migration by looking primarily at 20 th- century writers historicizing the concept of the 'post-colonial' and pointing to its development as captured in their writing. In the paper, transnational migration is viewed as the movement of persons across national boundaries where the migrants live their lives across borders, participating simultaneously in social relations that embed them in more than one nation-state, and in which there is a process by which such immigrants forge and sustain multi-stranded social relations that link together their societies of origin and settlement. Going by this definition, all major African writers (such as Ayi Kwei Armah, Chinua Achebe, Ben Okri, and the like), with the possible exception of Ayi Kwei Armah, are transmigrants. This is because their migration took place—is taking place—within fluid social spaces and identity-forming contexts, which are constantly reworked through their simultaneous connectedness to more than one society. In this case, the term that better expresses this situation is 'post-colonial'. Although there is a growing community of African writers and artists living in the West, it is uncertain how they might influence the events, politics, and cultural discussions within their original homeland. The conclusion is that it is not clear how the transmigration of African intellectuals could help shape the identity and tenor of the post-colonial African literary experience, which has been historically and culturally shaped by the impact of the African colonial experience. In this sense, then, recent migration by the African literati (specifically novelists) to the West is only the latest version of the pull that Europe and the United States of America exert on African post-colonial identity. This is not likely to slow down in the foreseeable future.
Abstract During the past several decades, rural America has experienced turbulent demographic change. We examine rural age‐specific migration data for 1950 to 1995 to ascertain whether the numerous economic, social, and technological factors buffeting nonmetropolitan America have altered migration patterns across age groups and types of counties. Both continuity and change are evident in the analysis. We find differentiation in the migration profiles of certain specialized types of rural counties, as well as temporal variability from decade to decade. No clear longitudinal trend in migration patterns is present, however. In fact, an underlying continuity in age‐specific trends has endured through good times and bad.
Nowhere in Australia are population and skills shortfalls more apparent than in the north which is heavily dependent on overseas migration to sustain both, and to boost the region's contribution to national security. It is ...
