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This article argues that despite the significant insights offered by prior research, assessments of the efficacy of the administrative presidency to date are both premature and in need of refocusing to comport with the realities of the American political system. In regard to prematurity, assessments must be withheld until four interrelated limitations of prior research are addressed. First, unlike early qualitative research on the topic, most recent research related to the administrative presidency has used neoclassical economics‐based or statistically sophisticated research designs that marginalize the implementation processes accompanying these efforts to advance presidential agendas. Second, assessments of the administrative presidency using this approach typically incorporate questionable assumptions. Third, typical criteria for assessing the administrative presidency fail to incorporate the realities of presidential decision making. Finally, most recent research fails to employ methodologies capable of incorporating these realities.

The modern police formation to which the Police in Poland aspires cannot be limited only to independent execution of tasks. Performing statutory tasks by the Police is related to undertaking various forms of cooperation and interaction with legally and organizationally diverse entities. Apart from national cooperation, legal regulations impose an obligation to cooperate with police forces of other countries and their international organizations, as well as with European Union bodies and institutions. The subject of deliberations is widely understood international cooperation of the Police and the role of entities responsible for its conduct. The areas of cooperation and forms in which it is undertaken have been investigated. Special research attention was also paid to legal regulations relating to police activity on the international arena. In the study attempts were made to assess the current system of international police cooperation. ; Nowoczesna formacja policyjna, do której aspiruje Policja w Polsce, nie może ograniczać się tylko do samodzielnego wykonywania zadań. Wykonywanie zadań ustawowych przez Policję wiąże się z podejmowaniem różnych form współpracy i interakcji z podmiotami zróżnicowanymi prawnie i organizacyjnie. Oprócz współpracy krajowej regulacje prawne nakładają obowiązek współdziałania z siłami policyjnymi innych krajów i ich organizacjami międzynarodowymi, a także z organami i instytucjami Unii Europejskiej. Przedmiotem artykułu jest szeroko rozumiana współpraca międzynarodowa Policji oraz rola podmiotów odpowiedzialnych za jej prowadzenie. Zbadano obszary współpracy i formy, w jakich jest ona podejmowana. Szczególną uwagę badawczą poświęcono regulacjom prawnym dotyczącym działalności Policji na arenie międzynarodowej. W badaniu podjęto próbę oceny obecnego systemu międzynarodowej współpracy policyjnej.

Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of the field of power, we examine the cross-national translation of organizational models and the strategic processes induced in recipient institutional contexts. By means of an in-depth historical case study, we demonstrate how elite strategists mobilized networks and symbolic capital to disrupt field relations and embed the US community foundation model of philanthropy in North East England. Our findings suggest that instead of simply copying alien field-level practices, strategic actors within the philanthropic field adapted and modified them to deliver fit-for-context change legitimated by support from the regional power elite. Our main contribution is to show how strategic elites drawn from different life-worlds build coalitions within the field of power to modify institutional infrastructures and embed innovative organizational models, simultaneously bolstering their legitimacy and symbolic capital. We hold that the field of power construct offers uniquely valuable insights into how strategic elites accomplish institutional change.

Barangay Violence Against Women (VAW) Desk officers are the frontliners in the provision of services to a victim/survivor of domestic violence. They are the first persons that a woman encounters, and they determine whether her truth claim identifies her as domestic violence case, thereby enabling her to access State-provided services and interventions. Thus, it is important to inquire into the Desk officers' worldviews and beliefs, also called schemas, and how these influence the ways they communicate and interact with the victim/survivors they encounter daily in their work. Guided by gender schema theory, this study examines the drawings of the VAW Desk officers—and the ecology of images that accompany these drawings—to delve into their cognitive constructions of the gendered nature of domestic violence. Two dominant schemas emerge from this examination: the schema of heteronormativity (dapat), and the schema of the necessary visibility of domestic violence (kita). These schemas govern the Desk officers' everyday judgments and decision making, and inform the ways they communicate with domestic violence victim/survivors.

Substance abuse is a huge global health and critical problem which has made it a matter of significant public health importance in most countries. Substance abuse poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic fabric of families, communities and nations. This study examined the level of knowledge and attitude of youths to substance abuse in Alimosho Local Government; the most populous Local Government Area in Lagos State. The study was aimed at exploring the general knowledge of substance abuse among youths; examining the relationship between youths' knowledge of substance abuse and substance use; exploring their attitude to substance abuse and proffer possible strategies that can be employed to address substance abuse among youths in order to ameliorate the growing problem substance abuse in youth population. A cross-sectional study design was employed to select youths within the age range of 18 – 35 years for the study. A sample size of 350 was selected and 340 analysable questionnaires were returned (attrition rate of 3%). Self-structured validated questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: Socio-demographics of the participants, Knowledge on drug abuse, attitudes and perception towards drug abuse. The statistical analyses of frequency counts, percentages and Pearson's Chi square using the Statistical Package of Data Analysis (SPSS) 2012 to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. Findings showed adequate knowledge of the risks of substance abuse among youths and there was indifference in the attitude of youths to the use of drugs. In conclusion, the negative attitude of youths to substance abuse is a cause for concern since the youths are the future of the nation. It was recommended that health education intervention, stressing the health implications of substance abuse and how to come off substance abuse through psychotherapy should be put in place.Keywords: Psychoactive drugs, psychiatric hospital, health education, adolescents and young adults.

The author deals with the problem of criminal measures and sanctions in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The executive branch of the government declared a state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia in March 2020. At the same time the so-called Crisis Headquarter was established with the authority to impose measures of criminal-legal nature. During the two-month state of emergency, through the Crisis Headquarter, the executive branch of the government was changing criminal laws and sanctions at an almost daily basis. It is debatable whether such laws meet the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights standards. Many citizens failed to adapt their behavior to the imposed measures. On the one hand, the courts have fallen into the trap of double punishment, both for a crime and for a misdemeanor. On the other hand, justifications of the courts' decisions are also questionable, especially those containing references to statements made by members of the crisis team through the media. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court didn't rule on any of the numerous requests for constitutional review, but in September it came out with the view that since the state of emergency was over, its decision was unnecessary. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author explains the process of legal changes by analyzing all the laws and rules that were passed by the end of 2020, as well as data related to the punishment of residents whose behavior was not in accordance with existing legal solutions. Bearing in mind the standards of the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights, the author then explains that the measures implemented by the Serbian authorities do not meet the basic required criteria, primarily the foreseeability of the law, as well as that the laws were abused for the purpose of the election campaign. The special attention is paid to curfews and the complete ban on leaving homes for senior citizens well as ban of contacting with the family ...