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AbstractThis study explores the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) management quality in the relationship between board diversity and CSR performance. It states that generational diversity is a consistent construct of age diversity as variety, and uses three different proxies to measure CSR management quality and performance. The sample consists of 146 companies listed in FTSE 100, DAX 30, and CAC 40 for the year 2009. The results reveal that generational diversity enables a more effective design of vision and strategies to address financial and extra‐financial aspects, and consequently, it encourages companies to adopt a sustainable approach to their businesses. This study concludes that generational diversity is a key component for improving good corporate governance codes. The findings of this research recommend enhancing generational diversity in board structures to encourage sustainability in firms that aspire to be in tune with the needs of the times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

ABSTRACTThis case focuses on the social dimension of a large‐scale plantation project of Ford Motors Company in Brazil. With its Fordlândia plantation, Henry Ford aimed to trigger an industrial revolution in the Amazon basin just like he had done in the United States two decades earlier. However, upon arrival, the company encountered unforeseen challenges linked to the attempted export of the Ford way of thinking and doing business – that had worked so well at home in Michigan – into the remote and underdeveloped Amazon basin. Yet, when failure became clear, the company decided to buy a new stretch of land nearby with the intent of reconsidering its way of doing business at the plantation. At its new operations, the company needed to better balance the trade‐off between its own core values and those of its local workforce. The case is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate management courses as well as a wider audience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

AbstractCross‐border relocation of the production lines of Hong Kong companies to the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR) of China relocates the pollution source geographically. In contextualizing corporate social responsibility (CSR), more and better collaborations on environmental management between Hong‐Kong‐based companies and their supply chains within Hong Kong and the PRDR are needed. Using a qualitative approach, this research identifies and examines nine concerned business supply chain partnership cases. Stakeholders perceived that partnership is a good tool for improving corporate environmental management. However, although it has become more active since 2002, partnership is not yet popular. More time and support are needed to develop it. Businesses should take further steps to benefit themselves and the environment. Based on the first‐hand experiences and opinions of interviewees, this paper analyzes and presents recent partnership activities; their drivers and barriers; factors in their successes; and the possible roles of government and business associations in fostering partnership development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

AbstractSocial and ethical issues in the supply chain are gaining importance in all types of organizations. Therefore some public and private organizations have already started to introduce socially responsible purchasing practices. However, current practices are limited and seem unsystematic. There is also a difference between few front‐running organizations and the rest. It is therefore useful at this early stage to disseminate the knowledge and experiences based on the best‐performing organizations. This paper does that by developing a model of the socially responsible purchasing process that is based on the empirical and secondary data. The model reveals the five elementary steps that are necessary in the implementation of systematic socially responsible purchasing practices: developing internal policies; setting purchasing criteria that regard social issues; applying assurance practices; managing supplier relations; and building internal capacity. The model also points to the different activities in the process and their associated challenges. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

AbstractThe literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is packed with attempts to uncover the business case of CSR. However, the findings are often based on either case stories or overall analyses of the business case for CSR, thereby overlooking the heterogeneity of the business landscape and the wide variety of CSR initiatives. This article intentionally tries to fall between the two chairs. By focusing on a single aspect of the blurry CSR concept, the article examines how European organizations perceive the motives, costs and benefits associated with EMAS (Environmental Management and Audit Scheme) registration. The article is based on a case analysis of Copenhagen Zoo and a web survey of 162 EMAS‐registered organizations. One of the main conclusions is that the respondents often perceive EMAS as a success even though they believe that the monetary costs from adopting the system outweigh the benefits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Measuring the extent to which distribution is polarized has recently attracted some attention from economists. Polarization, though related to inequality, is a different concept and implies a tendency towards clustering of observations into groups. It is of interest because it may be related to the generation of tensions and social unrest.

In independent studies, Esteban and Ray (1994) and Wolfson (1994) conceptualized the notion of polarization and developed the corresponding measures. Since their papers, many other indices have been proposed. Particularly, in a recent paper in this journal, Grad´ın (2002) uses an extension of the Esteban and Ray measure.

In this paper we point out some problems with this extended measure of polarization and explore an alternative formulation for the extension so as to solve the problem identified. An illustration of the use of these tools taking data from 22 Latin American countries shows the possibilities of this new measure and how polarization and inequality can often differ in practice.

AbstractThe adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and corporate–community relation (CCR) strategies by oil companies has failed to reduce the incidence of violent conflict between the host communities and oil companies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This paper argues that the failure to seek, understand and integrate community perceptions into CSR policies and practices, the over‐emphasis of affirmative duties to the detriment of negative injunction duties and the absence of an enabling environment due to government failure are responsible for the observed problem. The paper concludes that unless these gaps are addressed, CSR by the Nigerian oil industry is likely to continue to fail to achieve its full potential. However, CCR in the Nigerian oil industry will be significantly improved if, and when, the needs and aspirations of the major stakeholders are addressed through a tri‐sector partnership approach to development and conflict resolution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Explores the meanings of race, identity, & nationality in international work. Information was drawn from the findings of a research study that included interviews with students & faculty from Canadian schools of social work who went to a developing country as part of an educational project. The focus is on how the self is constituted in spaces abroad. A theoretical discussion of space highlights how identity is produced in & through spaces at home & abroad. The different ways white & minority bodies are viewed in Northern & Southern spaces are examined to emphasize the centrality of space to identity formation. Other issues discussed include how concepts of identity & nationality are accentuated during work in other countries; relational means involved in international work; the unique struggles of minority students /faculty who travel abroad with their white counterparts; & explorations of the self in relation to the body politic. Suggestions are offered for ways hegemony in North-South encounters can be avoided & domestic practice can be enhanced. Quotations from the interviews are included. References. J. Lindroth

Analyzes post-11 September 2001 coverage of Muslim-Arab identity, especially representations of Muslim women, in Canadas national daily newspaper, The Globe & Mail. It is argued that the paper promoted a symbolic & discursive universe that reinvented the Other & portrayed Muslim women in terms of passivity, victimization, & rescue that distanced them from both terrorist acts & their countries of origin. This imaginary of Canada has promoted a unifying & homogeneous national identity. The role of the news media in constructing an imagined community & in promoting discourses of social cohesion is examined. An informal textual & discourse analysis of the papers coverage in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 reveals how race & gender were used as tropes to advance an image of Canada as a peaceful haven threatened by Others. It is argued that describing Muslim women as passive victims needing to be rescued from ruthless Muslim men provided a motive for Canadian involvement in the Middle East as a way to liberate the oppressed. References. J. Lindroth

AbstractThis paper looks at corporate social responsibility in the context of public and stakeholder dialogue and engagement. It demonstrates how this can contribute to the development of a long‐term environmental management strategy. It shows how government, stakeholder and economic pressure can encourage companies to positively engage their stakeholders.Using an example from the nuclear industry the paper describes how the importance of engaging in stakeholder dialogue and consultation has been recognized and how this can contribute to more positive stakeholder relationships.In 2002, AWE plc commissioned a major independent public and stakeholder consultation exercise (Project PASCALEA). Environmental Consultants from NNC Ltd. were commissioned to manage and execute the project, together with recognized consultation specialists from the IEPPP, Lancaster University. The case study gives an insight into the consultation methodology adopted and evaluates how the outcomes from the project contributed towards the successful delivery of AWE's corporate environmental management goals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Argues that the Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11 (2001) was an ambitious plan for global expansion of the US military & illustrates the racial & gender politics of capitalistic empire-building as presented through the media. The terrorist attacks offered an excuse to intimidate Libya, Sudan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, the People's Republic of China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, & North Korea to obtain an economic & cultural recolonization with the assistance of the dominant classes & antidemocratic elements in those nations. In the US, political & civil rights & democratic movements & alliances for social justice are challenged. From the sending of World Trade Center toxic scrap to developing countries to the animalizing of the Islamic other & the use of women's issues as partial justification for the war in Afghanistan, the harmful policies of the US are apparent. A better direction is illustrated by the Revolutionary Assoc of the Women of Afghanistan & Indian feminists' efforts for nonmilitary solutions to conflicts. 19 References. L. A. Hoffman

The loss of civic capacity & participation has impacted not just the African American prisoner, but also his or her family & community. The work of the Africana Criminal Justice Project is described as it works to identify & correct racialized social & political exclusion intensified by US mass criminalization & incarceration. The criminal population is disproportionately represented by colored, poorly educated, & unemployed youth. The Africana Criminal Justice Project uses research & education to reframe academic & policy debates on racial & criminal justice issues, & it organizes efforts to address the crisis of racialized mass incarceration. Felon disfranchisement over varying periods is a common occurrence; in 1999, it affected approximately 13% of all black male adults. Additionally, the enumeration of prisoners as residents of prison towns in the US census affects the formation of legislative districts. This additionally marginalizes the prisoner's home district while inflating the influence of voters in the typically rural districts in which prisons are located. Civic leadership from former prisoners & from their communities can reduce the consequences of reduced civic capacity. 10 References. L. A. Hoffman