Bretton Woods and International Coöperation
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Volume 23, Issue 2, p. 182
ISSN: 2327-7793
78888 results
Sort by:
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Volume 23, Issue 2, p. 182
ISSN: 2327-7793
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 186, Issue 1, p. 105-113
ISSN: 1552-3349
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 150, Issue 1, p. 179-185
ISSN: 1552-3349
In: Meždunarodnye processy: žurnal teorii meždunarodnych otnošenij i mirovoj politiki = International trends : journal of theory of international relations and world politics, Volume 13, Issue 2(41)
International cooperation to tackle complex common resource problems like climate change is extremely difficult. Although there is broad agreement on the nature of the problem and what is required to solve it, many nations continue to block any meaningful action for solution. This global cooperation crisis is baffling in the light of recent evidence about the surprisingly cooperative disposition of human beings. Research from social and natural sciences points to an unmistakable conclusion: people cooperate all the time, and they enjoy doing so. This picture of human behaviour is at odds with common assumptions about people being narrowly-and exclusively-self-interested, and prompts the question that we address in this paper: why, if we are so good cooperating at interpersonal levels, is international cooperation so hard? We address this question in three steps. First, we review the recent multidisciplinary evidence demonstrating that people cooperate much more than rational-theory models predict, and that this might stem from a natural, evolved, predisposition to cooperate. Second, we argue that there are seven basic mechanisms that determine whether or not cooperation is successful or sustainable: reciprocity, trust, communication, reputation, fairness, enforcement and we-identity. We group these mechanisms in a 'cooperation hexagon' that summarizes the current consensus about what makes cooperation work. Finally, we discuss what these findings mean for global cooperation. We argue that power games are not enough to explain off current international cooperation blockades. A new, comprehensive theory of international cooperation must be compatible with the recent insights about the fundamentally cooperative nature of human behaviour. We suggest that the search for this theory be made in three directions: a) establish how cooperation scales up from interpersonal to larger scales, and how the basic mechanisms of cooperation behave under conditions of unprecedented complexity and rapid change; b) investigate cooperation at the 'meso-level' of global governance-the relatively small group of people who represent nations in international discussions and institutions-a key interface between interpersonal and inter-institutional motivations for cooperation; and c) examine patterns of international cooperation in the light of the cooperation hexagon, to ascertain whether international cooperation blockades are the result of the underprovisioning of the basic mechanisms of cooperation, and how these mechanisms can be used as criteria for designing better institutions for global governance.
In: Azad Memorial Lectures, Indian Council for Cultural Relations 1965
In: Journal of peace research, Volume 53, Issue 3, p. 310
ISSN: 0022-3433
In: The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water, p. 337-352
In: Latin American research review, Volume 17, Issue 3, p. 3-28
ISSN: 1542-4278
Half of all urban dwellers and eight out of every ten rural inhabitants in developing countries live in inadequate and badly equipped housing, crowded together and subjected to unacceptable environmental conditions. This means that in the countries of the Third World alone more than 2,300 million people live in housing that is without (or has only insufficient) services and that is marked as well by varying degrees of deterioration. The need to construct new units to absorb the natural increase in the population, to overcome gradually the qualitative deficit indicated above, and to renew existing stock makes housing and complementary services the major investment that must be made if one of the basic needs of the population is to be met. "A house is something more than a simple or complex construction, detached or grouped, forming an agglomeration that might have diverse forms and functions. Defined as a dwelling, this construction is converted into an essential aspect of man's existence as a social being and his way of life on earth."
In: Growth and change: a journal of urban and regional policy, Volume 1, Issue 2, p. 17-24
ISSN: 1468-2257
In: The public opinion quarterly: POQ, Volume 9, Issue 1, p. 38
ISSN: 1537-5331
In: Public opinion quarterly: journal of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, Volume 9, Issue 1
ISSN: 0033-362X
In: Foreign affairs, Volume 23, p. 182-194
ISSN: 0015-7120
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Volume 15, Issue 3, p. 71