Suchergebnisse

Conventional wisdom says that reforms that aim at improving the productivity of the public sector face opposition from public sector employees, and for this reason, tend to be poorly implemented. These claims are not backed by much hard evidence. This paper seeks to fill some of that gap by investigating why an educational reform containing explicit accountability elements is poorly implemented across Norwegian municipalities about four years after the reform has passed the parliament. The empirical analyses provide evidence that municipalities with a large share of public employees are less likely to implement the reform. The relationship seems to be causal. A reduced-form approach is applied, which prevents conclusions about the mechanisms through which the public employees exercise their influence. However, some preliminary analyses indicate that school leaders hold more negative attitudes towards the reform in municipalities with a large share of public employees, potentially indicating that regulatory capture is an issue: school leaders tend to sympathize more strongly with teachers in such environments. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractPublic service motivation (PSM), public service values (PSV), and public service ethos (PSE), we argue, constitute theoretically complementary dimensions of public service psychology. Using multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS), we also empirically map the three constructs to identify their interrelationships as constituent parts of a public service topology. Using a survey of public and private employees, we determined which of the PSM, PSV, and PSE instruments most strongly correlate with (1) sector of employment, (2) preferences in public service decision vignettes, and (3) prosocial citizenship behavior. We find PSM, PSV, and PSE to be distinctly complementary, rather than competing psychological phenomena. Incorporating—theoretically and empirically—the three approaches into one topology suggests dimensions of an integrated public service psychology comprising two axes that vary on an advocacy–neutrality scale and a self‐focused–other‐focused scale. With this topographical orientation, public administration scholars can better select the appropriate instrument(s), whether PSM, PSV, or PSE, for the public service situation/question.

Subjektive Wahrnehmungen and Einstellung der Bevölkerung.

Themen: Glück; allgemeine Zufriedenheit mit dem Leben; Vergleich der
heutigen mit der früheren Situation; Lebenshaltungskosten; soziale
Differenzen; Arbeitslosigkeit; Arbeitsbedingungen; Bewertung der
Wirtschafts- und Sozialreformen; internationale Beziehungen; Verhältnis
zwischen den einzelnen jugoslawischen Volksgruppen; Nationalstolz;
Einwanderung; Hauptverbindungen ins Ausland; Ursachen der ethnischen
Konflikte in Yugoslawien; Erwartungen an die Zukunft; Krise im Kosovo;
Mehrparteiensystem; Opposition; unabhängige Interessengemeinschaften;
Ansehen von Politikern; Rolle der Kommunistischen Partei und der
Socialist Alliance of the Working People; eigenes Engagement in
Parteien; Parteisympathien; Bewertung von "DEMOS"; Wahlgerechtigkeit;
Souveränität; Autonomie Sloweniens; Selbstbestimmungsrecht; Die
Souveränität Sloweniens bedrohende Faktoren; Änderungen zu einer
slowenischen Verfassung; Veränderungen der jugoslawischen Verfassung;
Auffassung der eigenen Nationalität; Einstellung zum jugoslawischen
Militär; Zivildienst; Rolle des Militärs in der Gesellschaft;
Kriminalität; Einstellungen zur Polizei; Außenpolitik Jugoslawiens;
Zukunft des Sozialismus; politische Umwälzungen in Osteuropa; Religion;
Schutz der Religionsfreiheit; Rolle der Kirche in der Gesellschaft;
Werte; Aberglaube; Entwicklung und Bedrohung der Lebensumwelt;
Machtverlust der Kommunistischen Partei; "meeting of the truth";
Bewertung des Wirtschaftsprogramms von Markovic.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO DELINEATE THE MEANING OF PRODUCTIVITY FOR PUBLIC POLICY PROCESSES AND TO RAISE SOME OF THE POLICY QUESTIONS THAT ARE IMPLIED BY THIS THRUST IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. A DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS INVOLVED IS PRESENTED FIRST. THEN FOLLOW DISCUSSIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFORTS TO THIS POINT AND OF EXPECTED ROLES FOR PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN POLICY FORMATION.

The title of this lecture refers to organizations, politics, and public purposes to emphasize developments in the analysis of public organizations and their management and the need for that analysis to include politics as an influence on those organizations. The Gaus Award recognizes contributions in the joint tradition of public administration and political science. Organizations serve as essential components of the administrative branch of government and of virtually all other aspects of human life and many other forms of life. Social scientists that I call "organization theorists" have developed theory and research about organizations and the people in them. This body of work provides concepts and insights useful for the analysis of the organizations in government, which I call "public organizations." Organizations play crucial roles in the pursuit of values and goals shared by large aggregates of people. "Organizations, Politics, and Public Purposes: Analyzing Public Organizations and Public Management" refers to these shared values and goals as public purposes. Organizations are essential to public administration and we cannot effectively analyze organizations in public administration without concepts developed by political scientists; we need to draw on political science.

Wahlverhalten, Fragen zum politischen System, Einstellungen zu politischen Parteien und Medienfragen.

Themen: Radio, Fernseher, Videorekorder, Telefon, Computer, Auto im Haushalt verfügbar, E-mailzugang; rezipierte Radio- und Fernsehprogramme, Tageszeitungen und Magazine; Informationsquellen für politische Themen; vertrauenswürdigste Informationsquelle; politische, psychologische und moralische Zensur; Kontrolle durch den Staat; Objektivität der staatlichen und privaten Medien; Misstrauen in Medien der Parteien; Journalisten und Korruption; Gerüchte; nationale vs. lokale Medien; Übertragung ausländischer Programme auf einheimischen Kanälen; Objektivität der Medien mit ausländischer und staatlicher Unterstützung; öffentliche Medien und Aufgeschlossensein gegenüber Parteien; Diskussionen über Politik; nützlichste Quelle für politische Diskussionen und Wahlentscheidung; Gefühle der letzten 12 Monate; Entwicklungsrichtung Jugoslawiens, Serbien und Montenegros; Lösung für den Kosovo und Metohija; nahestehende Person, die im Kosovo kämpft; Stellung der internationalen Gemeinschaft im Kosovo; Haltung zu anderen Nationalitäten; territoriale und soziale Zugehörigkeit; Sonntagsfrage; Zufriedenheit mit Wahl von S. Milosevic, M. Milutinovic, M. Djukanovic, und M. Bulatovic; Wahlen in Montenegro; Verkauf öffentlicher Firmen an Ausländer; Vertrauen in Institutionen; vertrauenswürdigster Politiker; Beziehung von serbischen und montenegrinischen Behörden; Bosnien-Herzegowina als unabhängiger Staat; Bedingungen für die Lockerung der Sanktionen; Übergaben der Verurteilten an das Hager Tribunal; Rolle der Opposition; bester Führer der vereinten Opposition; Kooperation von SPS, YUL, und SRP; Kooperation der serbischen Opposition und der montenegrinischen Koalition; Resultate der Proteste von 1996/1997; Sonntagsfrage; Zukunft des Landes in einem Jahr; größtes Problem des Landes; kompetenteste Partei.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Bildung; Beruf; Beschäftigungsstatus; Absichten, sich selbständig zu machen; Abwanderung ins Ausland (Befragte, Familienmitglieder); Haushaltseinkommen; finanzielle Situation; Nationalität; Religiosität.

AbstractTheories of political accountability assume citizens use information about the performance of government to hold public officials accountable, but whether citizens actually use information is difficult to directly examine. We take advantage of the importance of citizen-driven, performance-based accountability for education policy in Tennessee to conduct a survey experiment that identifies the effect of new information, mistaken beliefs and differing considerations on the evaluation of public officials and policy reforms using 1,500 Tennesseans. Despite an emphasis on reporting outcomes for school accountability policies in the state, mistaken beliefs are prevalent and produce overly optimistic assessments of the institutions responsible for statewide education policy. Moreover, individuals update their assessments of these institutions in an unbiased way when provided with objective performance data about overall student performance. Providing additional information about race-related performance differences does not alter this relationship, however. Finally, support for specific policies that are intended to improve student performance is unchanged by either type of performance information; opinions about policy reforms are instead most related to race and existing partisan commitments.