Suchergebnisse

Introduction, Daniel Moran and James A. Russell. - Part I: Long War-Long Peace. - 1. The Pax Britannica and the Advent of Globalization, Andrew Lambert. - 2. The Great Disorder: Maritime Strategy in the World Wars, 1914-1945, Daniel Moran. - 3. The Cold War at Sea, Geoffrey Till. - Part II: Regional Security. - 4. Middle Sea: The Mediterranean, Giuseppe Schivardi. - 5. Maritime Strategy in the South China Sea, Alessio Patalano. - 6. The Arctic: From Frozen Desert to Open Polar Sea?, Klaus Dodds. - 7. The Indian Ocean, James A. Russell. - Part III: Architecture. - 8. The Warship since the End of the Cold War, Larrie D. Ferreiro. - 9. The Influence of Law on Maritime Strategy, Steven Haines. - 10. Mahan Revisited: Globalization, Resource Dependency, and Maritime Security in the Twenty-First Century, Michael T. Klare. - 11. Intelligence, Information, and the Leverage of Sea Power, John Ferris. - Conclusion: Maritime Strategy and the Next World Order, Daniel Moran

• The Arctic has warmed by around 2°C since 1850, approximately double the global average. Even if the Paris Agreement successfully limits global warming to a further 0.5°C, the Arctic is expected to warm by at least another 1°C. • The United Kingdom's (UK) weather is linked to conditions in the European Arctic. For example, high atmospheric pressure in the Nordic Seas divert damaging storms across the UK and mainland Europe, with the potential to cause societal disruption from flooding. • It is possible, although presently unconfirmed, that alterations in Arctic conditions provoked the 'Beast from the East' winter storm in 2018. • Scientists need to take observations and improve their understanding of climatic processes in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean to fill gaps in knowledge about the links between the Arctic climate and the UK's weather; a risk identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). • The UK has significant research expertise and experience to understand how global warming will change the Arctic's environment and affect the UK. • This strength, allied with the capabilities of the UK's new polar research ship the RRS Sir David Attenborough, warrants an integrated programme of research, including advanced numerical modelling, to improve predictions of future extreme weather events. • Such a programme must acknowledge that the Arctic is politically an increasingly congested and contested space. It should be designed in collaboration with key Arctic and near-Arctic nations to increase the UK's influence and ability