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The goal of this article is to explore the characteristics of North American anarchists who are union members. New social movement (NSM) theories suggest that movements have changed in recent decades to focus less on economic issues and have divorced themselves from the working class. The union membership of anarchists is related to subjective working‐class status, age, being from North America, economic anarchist ideology, anarchist movement participation, and activist identity. Given these findings, it is questionable how well the arguments offered by NSM theories—specifically a postmaterialist focus and emphasis upon collective cultural identity—are able to describe anarchists.

Examines the social movement theories of Alain Touraine & Alberto Melucci, & the regulation theory framework to assess insights they might offer into the current contradictory situation of social movements in advanced Western nations, with particular attention paid to the case of the Federal Republic of Germany. While Touraine's identification of the conflict between technology & bureaucratic control & the people who challenge it as the central inspiration for modern social movements is appreciated, his insistence on using the analogy of the historical labor movement & its Marxist analysis limits his theory's reach. Melucci's attention to frameworks of meaning is read as an important corrective to Touraine's approach, but his generalizations from case studies of movement near Milan, Italy, are inappropriate & misleading. Regulation theory is favored over these other theories, & its usefulness is demonstrated in a brief review of new German social movements. D. M. Smith

IN WEST GERMANY NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ORIGINALLY CONTRASTED TO THE OLD SOCIAL MOVEMENT, THE LABOR MOVMENT. IN THIS ARTICLE THE RISE OF NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC ARE PRESENTED. THEN THE BREAKDOWN OF THE FORDIST ACCUMULATION REGIME AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF SOCIAL ACTORS INTO CORE AND PERIPHERY ARE STUDIED. THE ARTICLE EXAMINES THE REGULATION APPROACH AND NEW SOCIAL MOVMENTS AND THEN THE GREENS AS MEDIATOR IN THE ECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE ALTERNATIVE MOVEMENT. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES WITH PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS' ROLE IN POST-FORDIST RESTRUCTURING.

Paper ini mendiskusikan World Social Forum atau WSF sebagai konsolidasi gerakan social baru yang berpengaruh luas di hampir seluruh belahan dunia, mulai negara-negara maju, berkembang hingga terbelakang. Kendati demikian, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa solidaritas dan konsolidasi yang menghendaki tata dunia baru yang lebih adil tersebut kesulitan untuk membangun pemahaman bersama atas karakter ketertindasan, struktur ketidakadilan, dan budaya politik bersama karena perbedaan posisi elemen-elemen gerakan tersebut secara geopolitik, geoekonomis dan peradaban cultural.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Poem: "Comrade -- Introduction -- Part I: Historical Background -- 1. The National Movement and the Roots of Socialism -- 2. From Independence to the Naxalite Revolt -- Part II: Emergence of the New Movements, 1972-1985 -- 3. The Anticaste Movement -- 4. The Women's Movement -- 5. The Farmers' Movement -- 6. The Environmental Movement -- Part III: Responses, System and Antisystem, 1975-1985 -- 7. The Marxist Vision and the Working Class -- 8. The Crisis of Traditional Politics -- Part IV: Toward a New Vision, 1985-1991 -- 9. Women, Peasants, Tribals, Environment -- 10. The Search for Alternatives -- 11. The Rise of Alternative Politics -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index.

Argues that differentiation & fragmentation in reunified Germany's capitalist economy are articulated in the new social movements, eg, second-generation feminists, environmentalists, house squatters, & antinuclear activists. Frankfurt regulation theory suggests that the new social movements provide an alternative mode of regulation. A model of social dualization & segmentation highlights differences in former & present structural conditions. Institutionalized alternative projects, based in the informal economy, are mobilized by the Green party. As part of a critique of industrial society, the Greens propose neo-Keynesian policies with the goal of an ecological social rebuilding. J. Sadler