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"Human Security" published on by Oxford University Press.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- The Role of Cassava Production in Improving Food Security in the Delta State of Nigeria -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. An Overview of Global Cassava Production -- 1.2. Problem Statement -- 1.3. Objective of the Study -- 2. Literature Review -- 2.1. Cassava Production in Nigeria -- 2.2. Cassava Production in Delta State of Nigeria -- 2.3. Contribution of Agriculture to Nigerian Economy -- 3. Food Security -- 3.1. Global Food Security -- 3.2. Food Security Situation in Nigeria -- 3.3. Government Interventions and Strategies to Curb Food Insecurity in Nigeria -- 4. Materials and Methods -- 4.1. Study Area -- 4.2. Sources of Data -- 4.3. Data Analysis -- 5. Results and Discussion -- 5.1. Socioeconomic Characteristics -- 5.2. Determinants of Factors Influencing Cassava Production in the Study Area -- 6. Value Chain Concept in Agriculture -- 6.1. Cassava Value Chain in Nigeria -- Conclusion -- Suggestions -- References -- Chapter 2 -- An Assessment of Rural Women's Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Food Security Information in the Niger Delta, Nigeria -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Personal and Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Respondents -- Rural Women's Use of ICTs for Food Security Information -- Personal and Socio-Economic Characteristics Influencing Rural Women's Use of ICTs -- Perceived Constraints to Rural Women's Use of ICTs for Food Security Information -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Women Food-Crop Entrepreneurs in Southwestern Cameroon: Challenges to Promoting National Food Security -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Food Security in Cameroon and the Sub-Region -- Contextualizing Women and Food Security -- Framing the Study

Critical approaches to security have come to define themselves against mainstream security studies by not a priori assuming what security is, but rather taking it as an 'essentially contested concept'. Yet, as evidenced by the way in which recent 'turns' in the field have played out in the debate around airport security, ontological assumptions about security tend to restrict the scope of empirical analysis, with airport security being studied as, for instance, either discourse or practice. This article aims to propose an alternative methodological approach to security by studying security as controversy. Studying security as controversy means refraining from making a priori assumptions about the ontology of (in)security, instead considering it as itself at stake in – and hence the outcome of – security governance efforts. The article elaborates on this approach by drawing on core insights from actor-network theory, a conceptual and methodological toolkit that allows, as I show, a focus on how security actors perform security by enrolling, assembling and translating heterogeneous elements into stable assemblages that can be presented as definitive security solutions or threats. The article illustrates this approach through a look at the case of airport security at Amsterdam Airport in the aftermath of the 2009 Christmas terrorist attempt.

The concept of security has expanded beyond the framework of military-political responses. A new paradigm has been established that closely links the concept of security to the risks and challenges arising from dangers such as migration, terrorism, outbreaks of infectious diseases, natural and technological accidents and disasters, organized crime, drug trafficking, climate change, cyber security, etc. New challenges require new security policies and systems that must provide early warning and preventive response capabilities. In modern day society there is more and more uncertainty and unpredictability that affect efficiency in the field of security management. Management models are no longer organized only on the basis of the capacities of the state and the national security system; partnership platforms are being developed between the state, society and individuals for the purpose of implementing preventive activities and creating the resilience of a society.

Security jobs exist in private companies, at public venues such as sports facilities and arenas, and in government agencies. One of the appealing aspects of the security field is that it provides jobs that offer dependable salaries and good benefits for people with all levels of education. Jobs include security guards, government security agents at airports, and college-educated government agents and intelligence analysts. The field also includes a wide variety of working environments-from one-person operations to huge corporations, and from celebrity protection and corporate security to agencies involved in international crime and terrorism prevention. In this straightforward narrative, aligned to the college and career readiness standards, high school students explore specific careers in the security field and learn about internships, networking, résumés, interview skills, and getting a first job. Among the valuable information offered are descriptions of certification tests, interviews with actual security professionals, and the pros and cons of working in the industry

National power can be strengthened with the support of another state or group of countries to increase the deterrent capacity that the combination of standard or mutual interests ruling out possible aggression. Collective Security is effective only when three primary conditions are met: ● The Collective Security system should be able to deploy a force sufficiently capable of taking advantage over a potential offender or coalition of offenders to discourage any attack; ● Nations that are part of the Collective Security system must have the same conception of Security and be willing to defend it; and ● These nations must be prone to revaluate their conflicting political interests in the name of the collective interest to put in place the necessary defensive measures.

Colombia's current democratic security policy aims to re-establish internal order and to protect the civilian population from the depredations of illegal, armed organizations, within a framework of rights and protections related to the rule of law. Although the government distinguishes its 'get tough' strategy, which has been developed within institutional parameters, from previous national security approaches, in which unchecked powers led to abuses against society, the actual policy content continues to privilege a conventional military approach to security problems. Given the critical levels of violence and instability in Colombia, however, I suggest that the overall strategic orientation that emphasizes law, order, and state authority over institutional strengthening is appropriate in the short run. A comprehensive, viable security model must incorporate the three dimensions of physical safety for society and state, institutional guarantees, and socioeconomic development, yet complex security emergencies such as Colombia's warrant prioritizing the public order component of the security tripod. The challenge for the Colombian government will be to move forward quickly with second-order institutional reforms and social development programs so as to legitimate its security policies and make them sustainable in the mid and long term.