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This book analyses problems of governance, development and environment affecting contemporary Pakistan; issues that lie at the centre of federal and provincial policy deliberations, formulation and implementation. The book offers a comprehensive assessment of the policies, or lack thereof. Authors from a variety of disciplines empirically and conceptually evaluate latest developments, events and data regarding law and order, economic under-performance, social intolerance and climate crisis. The book offers varied perspectives on state sovereignty, civil-military relations, spousal violence, rural development, CPEC, nuclear governance and transboundary climate risk. Arguing that the conclusions should be adopted by the social, political and economic stakeholders of Pakistan, as well as the region at the higher level of governability, the book demonstrates that it would both boost national morale and inspire individuals to further investigate to come up with innovative solutions. Examining some of the most pressing and persistent problems Pakistan and South Asia is facing, the book will be of interest to academics working in the fields of Political Science, in particular South Asian Politics, Development Studies and Environmental Studies.

Introduction:Mapping the normative framework for the distribution of shared responsibility /André Nollkaemper and Dov Jacobs --Shared responsibility in international law : a normative-philosophical analysis /Roland Pierik --Shared political responsibility /Anthony F. Lang, Jr. --Ex ante and ex post allocation of international legal responsibility /Joel P. Trachtman --Incentives, compensation, and irreparable harm /Lewis A. Kornhauser --Shared responsibility in international law : a political economy analysis /Anne van Aaken --Public power and preventive responsibility : attributing the wrongs of international joint ventures /Tom Dannenbaum --'Coalitions of the willing' and the shared responsibility to protect /Toni Erskine --Distributing the responsibility to protect /Monica Hakimi --The problem of shared irresponsibility in international climate law /Daniel H. Cole --Transboundary damage in climate change : criteria for allocating responsibility /Henry Shue --Shared responsibility for climate change : from guilt to taxes /Christopher L. Kutz --How to keep promises : making sense of the duty among multiple states to fulfil socio-economic rights in the world /Margot E. Salomon --Pirate 'gaolbalisation' : dividing responsibility among states, companies, and criminals /Eugene Kontorovich --The global financial crisis and collective moral responsibility /Seumas Miller.

Abstract
A virulent outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease killed thousands of individuals between December 2013 and June 2016. The risk of contagion among European Union (EU) citizens increased its salience to unprecedented levels for an outbreak that primarily affected sub-Saharan Africa. Considering the need for analyzing recent external transboundary outbreak responses in the post-COVID-19 era, this paper explains the involvement of the EU in the Ebola outbreak. By combining descriptive social network analysis with fourteen semi-structured interviews, it provides original insights into European politics and crisis management scholarship. The findings partially support theoretical expectations regarding the relevance of postcolonial ties and institutional frameworks in the reaction. It also suggests that neorealist literature fails to capture its full complexity. Hence, institutional deficiencies explain the low centrality and flawed coordination among EU actors in the response. Additionally, postcolonial ties with the affected countries facilitated the involvement of Western governments in the reaction. However, not all former colonial powers were equally involved in the response. Finally, countries that registered infections did not necessarily play central roles in this effort. These findings have broader implications for the involvement of the EU in future external outbreaks, including the need for establishing clearer and explicit allocations of competences.

AbstractThere has been a plethora of world water conferences, workshops, and other initiatives over the last four decades. Initially, the focus was on localized water and environmental problems. As environmental issues began to cross borders and became more complex, a new phase of international initiatives emerged, which incorporated environmental objectives with other water related ones. More recently, a focus on international water initiatives has been on improving water governance and transboundary cooperation. The first United Nations conference specifically devoted to water was held in the city of Mar del Plata in Argentina (1977). The increased demand for water across the planet, the degrading anthropic actions, and the development models that exclude the more vulnerable communities, indicate the beginning of a crisis that should be addressed by an integrated water resources management approach. Thus, the Mar del Plata Action Plan was drawn up. Forty‐six years after, another high‐level UN Conference took place in New York. From 22 to 24 last March this year, governments, organizations, and stakeholders from all over the world got together under the major objective to not miss the opportunity to chart a path to water security for the future.

The mismanagement of plastic materials has grown to become a mounting global pollution concern that is closely implicated in unsustainable production and consumption paradigms. The ecological, social, and economic impacts of plastic waste mismanagement are currently transboundary in nature and have necessitated numerous methods of government intervention in order to address and mitigate the globalized and multifaceted dilemmas posed by high rates and volumes of plastic waste generation. This review examines the current landscape of a plastics economy which has operated with a linear momentum, employing large quantities of primary resources and disincentivizing the functioning of a robust recycling market for collecting plastic waste and reintegrating it into the consumer market. This contextualizes an increasing plastic pollution crisis that has required global efforts to address and mitigate the ecological risks and socio-economic challenges of mismanaged plastic waste. A timeline of government interventions regarding plastic pollution is described, including numerous international, regional, and local actions to combat plastic waste, and this is followed by an examination of the relevance of the extended producer responsibility principle to improve plastic waste management and obligate industry to assume responsibility in waste collection and recycling.

Afghanistan is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change: rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and increasingly frequent extreme weather events. Currently, Afghanistan is experiencing its worst drought in 27 years, which, compounded with COVID-19 and the economic contraction that followed the takeover of the government by the Taliban in August 2021, has significantly increased livelihood and food insecurity and contributed to a growing humanitarian emergency. Climate change exacerbates the deteriorating conditions for agriculture-based livelihoods and food insecurity. Conflict and the effects of climate change have increased internal displacement and changed migration patterns. High levels of displacement accentuate food and livelihood insecurity and increase the vulnerability of marginalised groups, including women. The effects of climate change may heighten the risk of more frequent and intense local conflicts over land and water and increase tensions over transboundary resources. Conflict has eroded the resilience of communities and local authorities to adapt to climate change and to deal with the current humanitarian crisis. This creates opportunities for elites to manipulate and profit from land and water disputes, with elevated risks for marginalised groups. ; Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Afghanistan ; publishedVersion

Plastic pollution waste has become one of the world crisis that moves transboundary. Once at sea, plastic waste breaks down into small particles, so-called, microplastics are spread the marine ecosystems. It threatens human health and has harmful economic consequences for the marine sector. Indonesia is the second-largest contributor to the abundance of plastic waste in the ocean which in the same time as an archipelago country which rich in marine products. Indonesia is taking proactive steps as the responsible act for overcoming challenge of marine plastic pollution. So, the maritime environment resilience can be realized through a collaborative governance approach. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from interviews, webinars and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that a collaborative governance approach is crucial to address marine plastic pollution by involving collaborating action from multi-stakeholders, government and non-government actors. Plastic pollution waste could be accomplished by strengthening the role and responsibility of each actor. In the process of collaboration, there are some dialogues, trust between the collaborating actors, commitment to the process of collaboration, shared understanding towards the common idea or goals, and intermediate outcome of collaboration between stakeholders in marine plastic waste management.

Part I. Global Solidarity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities -- Chapter 1. Global Solidarity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities -- Chapter 2. Responsibility, Solidarity and their Connections in International Law: Towards a Coherent Framework -- Chapter 3. Bellying up to the Bar – Differentiating in the Distribution of Responsibilities: A Philosophical Analysis -- Chapter 4. Solidarity and Differentiation: Moral and Legal Obligations of States in Addressing Global Challenges - The Case of Climate Change -- Chapter 5. Global Solidarity, Differentiated Responsibilities and the Law of the Sea -- Chapter 6. Differentiated Rights and Responsibilities in Activities in the Area – From Wealth Redistribution to Marine Environmental Protection -- Chapter 7. Are Trade Measures to Tackle the Climate Crisis the End of Differentiated Responsibilities? The Case of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) -- Chapter 8. Embedding 'Solidarity' in International Water Law: Framing 'Equity' in Transboundary Water Governance -- Chapter 9. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities as a Guiding Principle in International Health Law in Times of Pandemics -- Chapter 10. The Flexibility Device in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- Chapter 11. Solidarity as Normative Rationale for Differential Treatment: Common but Differentiated Responsibilities from International Environmental to EU Asylum Law? -- Chapter 12. Reconciling the Irreconcilable: Some Thoughts on Belligerent Equality in Non-International Armed Conflicts -- Part II. Dutch Practice -- Chapter 13. In Sickness and in Health: The Right to Self-determination within the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Impact of the Coronavirus Crisis -- Chapter 14. Cooperation and Coordination in Ocean Governance: An Overview of the BBN Process and the Involvement of The Netherlands -- Chapter 15. Victims of Hawija v. The Netherlands: Proportionality and Precaution under Mounting Pressure -- Table of Cases -- Index.

1. From Biopolitics to Ecopolitics: A Philosophical Framework for Geopolitics (Jessica Ludescher Imanaka) -- 2. Global Biogovernance: Between Intergovernmental and Supranational Cooperation (Janusz Ruszkowski) -- 3. Ecopolitics to International Environmental Law: A Literature Review on how Countries are Performing under the International Convention on Climate Change (Nima Norouzi) -- 4. Ocean Governance in the Anthropocene: A new Approach in the Era of Climate Emergency (Ana Flávia Barros-Platiau, Guilherme Lopes da Cunha, Carlos Henrique Tomé, Fábio Albergaria de Queiroz, Paulo Eduardo Câmara, Carina Costa de Oliveira, Fábio Henrique Granja e Barros) -- 5. International Water Law where World Needs Ecopolitics Most: A Study of the Framework of States' Right to Exploit Transboundary Water Resources via Dam Construction (Nima Norouzi) -- 6. China's Growing Footprint in Antarctica: Soft Power, Science, and Global Ecopolitics (Jonathan Harrington) -- 7. Environmental Management through Ecopolitics: an Alternative and Strategic Approach for Rebuilding the Global Carbon Sink (Bill Butterworth) -- 8. Urban Governance Transformation under the Background of Ecological Civilization Construction (Lin Dan, & Luo Yan) -- 9. The Missing Link: Environmental Humanities and the Climate Crisis (Jyotishman Kalita) -- 10. Ecopolitics and International Security: the Challenges and the Politics (Cláudia Toriz Ramos) -- 11. Global Ecopolitics: Media Discourse and Conflicting Climate Change Frameworks (Amarendra Kumar Aarya) -- 12. Media's Role in Global Ecopolitics: Unraveling Climate Change Narratives and Fostering Informed Dialogue (Neha Jingala, & Nidhi Chaudhry) -- 13. Leave Fossil Fuels in the Soil, Halt Deforestation': Stop Threatening the Planet (M. Satish Kumar).

Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- THE BORDERLANDS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA: -- Illustrations -- Figures -- Tables -- Maps -- Introduction -- Chapter 1-Delineation and Borders in Southeast Asia-James Clad -- The Perfectly Surveyed State -- Dimensions to a Bordered Southeast Asia -- Bordering an Archipel -- Frontier Life -- Tracking the "Disputes Trend" -- Elephants in the Parlor -- The Positive Side of the Ledger -- Southeast Asia "On the Map" -- Chapter 2-Archaeology, National Histories, and National Borders in Southeast Asia-Michael Wood -- Southeast Asia as a Crossroads -- The Influence of India -- Islamization -- The Chinese Footprint -- The European Impact -- Archaeology, Modern Borders, National Histories -- Majapahit -- Borobudur -- Angkor -- Alternate Histories in Waiting -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3-Historical Survey of Borders in Southeast Asia-David Lee -- European Origins of Southeast Asian Borders -- Pre-colonial Southeast Asia -- Imperial Frontiers of Southeast Asia -- Decolonization and the Emergence of Territorially Defined Nation-States -- Regionalism, Globalization, and the Consolidation of Southeast Asian Borders -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4-Borderlands, Terrorism, and Insurgency in Southeast Asia-Zachary Abuza -- Borderlands and Militancy -- The Regional Caliphate: Jemaah Islamiyah -- Insurgency and Terrorism in the Philippines: The Moro Islamic Liberation Front and Abu Sayyaf Group -- The Insurgency in Southern Thailand: GMIP, BRN-C, and PULO -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5-The Maritime Borderlands: Terrorism, Piracy, Pollution, and Poaching in the South China Sea-David Rosenberg -- The Stakeholders -- Maritime Terrorism -- Piracy: Scope and Trends -- Transboundary Pollution: Lessons of the 1997 Smoke Haze Crisis -- Poaching -- Conclusion.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction: Embracing Non-Human Nature in World Politics -- Introduction -- References -- Theoretical Investigations -- The End of Normal Politics: Assemblages, Non-Humans and International Relations -- Introduction -- Autogeddon: The Price of Automobility -- Brexit -- Climate Crisis -- Conclusion: An Assemblage Politics -- References -- Across Species and Borders: Political Representation, Ecological Democracy and the Non-Human -- Introduction -- Just One Political Animal? Modes of Exclusion -- Ecological Citizens? Visions of Non-Human Inclusion -- Posthuman Representation: A Materialism of Shared Worlds -- Visions of Transnational Ecological Democracy: Governing with the Non-Human -- References -- A Quantum Anthropocene? International Relations Between Rupture and Entanglement -- Introduction -- The Anthropocene as Rupture -- The Anthropocene as Entanglement -- Conclusion -- References -- Ecologies of Globalization: Mountain Governance and Multinatural Planetary Politics -- Introduction -- Mountains in Environmental Governance -- What are Mountains? -- The Greater Kailash Transboundary Region: A Case Study -- Routes -- Conclusion -- References -- Conflicting Temporalities and the Ecomodernist Vision of Rewilding -- Introduction -- The Terms of the Debate -- Love Your Monsters -- Learning in the Anthropocene -- Ever Higher Stakes -- Conclusion -- References -- Elias in the Anthropocene: Human Nature, Evolution and the Politics of the Great Acceleration -- Introduction -- The Sociology of Knowledge, Evolutionary Sequence and Big History -- Elias on Human Nature, 'Second Nature' and Non-Human Nature -- The Great Evolution -- Human Nature, 'Second Nature' and the Rest of Nature -- The Society of Individuals, Survival Units and the Interiorization of the Self: Elias, Lévy-Bruhl and Ong.

Water is the most precious and valuable natural resource in the Middle East and North Africa. It is vital for socioeconomic growth and sustainabilityof the environment. Theeditors present the latest research resultsrelated tothe current water situation,as well as its significance for the peaceful coexistence of the neighbouring countries.The book focusses on the following topics: water resources, water protection, water management and water as a source of conflict.With regard tothe protection of ground water and surface water in the respective areas,topicssuch asewage disposal and soil protection, as well as the transfer of environmental technology are also discussed. TOC:From the Contents: Water Resources: Natural Scarcity of Water Resources in the Semi-arid and Arid Middle East and its Economical Implications; The Jordan River; Hydrology and Management of Lake Kinneret Aimed at Water Quality Protection; The Water Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean and its Relation to Global Warming; Water Resources, Protection and Management in Palestine.- Water Protection: Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping in the Arab Region; Intermittent Water Supply and Domestic Water Quality in the Middle East; Sewage Water Treatments and Reuse in Israel.- Water Management: Water Resources Management in Palestine; Ecosan - Introduction of Closed-Loop Approaches in Wastewater Management and Sanitation; Efficient Groundwater Management for Organizations with a Small Financial Budget.- Water as Source of Conflict: Water Conflict and Water Management in the Middle East; Syria and Turkey in Water Diplomacy; Water Issue among the Riparian States of Euphrates and Tigris Transboundary Rivers

Although climate-linked impacts on ASEAN's economy, increasing vulnerability to severe weather, and interlinkages to transboundary haze, health, security and marine pollution are evident, a recent survey by the ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute reveals that Southeast Asians are ambivalent about ASEAN's effectiveness in tackling climate change.All ASEAN Member States (AMS) are fully committed to accelerating reductions to global emissions under the Paris Agreement and demonstrate political will to set up intersectoral climate governance on renewable energy transition, agriculture and food security, forest and land use protection, disaster risk management, conservation on biodiversity, among many other measures.Under the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) pillar, the ASEAN Ministerial Meetings on the Environment (AMME) and the ASEAN Senior Officials' Meeting on the Environment (ASOEN) meet annually to discuss environment-related issues, including climate change. The ASEAN Working Group on Climate Change (AWGCC), one of seven technical working groups reporting to the ASOEN, is tasked to enhance regional cooperation on climate change, promote collaboration between sectoral bodies, and articulate ASEAN's concerns and priorities at the international level.Climate change issues have become cross-cutting and involve various ASEAN sectoral bodies. The AWGCC's role, however, is still limited to the environmental mandate.ASEAN needs to establish a super coordinating body on climate change that can ensure information sharing across ASEAN bodies, convene support from dialogue partners, and engage with civil society organizations. The ASEAN Coordinating Council Working Group on Public Health Emergencies (ACCWG-PHE) model established during the COVID-19 crisis can serve as a precedent.

With the recent refugee 'crisis', the liability for refugee-generating once again becomes a matter of concern in international law. When situations in a few countries are generating the majority of the global refugee population, it is pertinent to ask 'who are generating refugees in these countries,' 'do they bear liability of any kind under international law for generating refugees,' and 'if yes, are there legal mechanisms in place to enforce the liability.' This paper aims to address these questions. Despite scholarly endeavors dated back to as early as 1939, positive international law in its current shape still seems unable to establish the liability of refugee-generating entities. No treaty spells out such liability, and it seems hard to argue that such liability exists in customary international law. This highlights a normative lacuna in the intersection between International Refugee Law and the Law of International Responsibility, as neither the framework of State responsibility nor that of transboundary harm can be applied seamlessly to refugee-generating situations. To address this normative lacuna, this paper argues for a new way to establish international liability of refugee-generating entities based on Louis Henkin's theory of 'constitutional international law'. After defining 'refugee-generating entities' by reference to Article 1(A)(2) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, this paper envisions possible mechanisms under domestic and international law to enforce the liability of refugee-generating entities and appraisals their practicality and desirability.

Water is essential for all life on earth and is a key prerequisite for attaining many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Many countries, however, suffer from physical water scarcity, a lack of access to a safe water supply and sanitation, water pollution or hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) due to climate change. The generality and severity of water problems lead many to speak of a global water crisis. While this crisis mostly manifests at the local or in some cases transboundary level, two global issues are often overlooked. First, global trends such as climate change and the spread of water-intensive consumption and trade patterns are key triggers that cannot be addressed at the local level alone. Second, the aggregation of local or regional water problems may add up to a universal threat to sustainable development. In the face of current challenges, (fresh) water should be conceptualised as a global common good, and global water governance should contribute to improving its protection. This study reveals that the current global water governance architecture is a highly fragmented and incoherent regime consisting of numerous norms, paradigms and actors, each covering single aspects of global water governance. Given the diversity of issues, a "classical" formation of one comprehensive international water regime in the form of a framework convention, and equipped with a specific global governance institution (such as for climate stability, biological diversity or the prevention of desertification) has so far not emerged. The authors suggest a global water governance regime that could evolve from the improved interplay of the existing elements of global water governance (i.e. norms, targets, paradigms and actors). This could be complemented by two innovations at UN level: installing an Intergovernmental Body on Water allowing for mandated decisions on water in the UN system, and a Scientific and Practice Panel on Water improving the science-policy interface. Such an approach that combines global norms and joint guidelines to be adapted to local contexts and needs may be able to increase urgently needed political support for governing water as a global commons, beyond the nation-state interests and their perception of water resources as sovereign goods.