Suchergebnisse

This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions.

Sri Lanka is a developing Asian country with high suicide rate due to self poisoning, related to a high fatality rate. A study of motivational aspects of self poisoning in 97 consecutive patients showed that there is no greater intention of suicide in them than those from the developed countries. lnterpersonal disputes involving domestic problems and love affairs are the main precipitating causes. improving family relations may help in the prevention of self-poisoning. However, the impulsive nature of the act might prove prevention a difficult task.

Die Beiträge diese Heftes gehen zumeist auf mehrere Tagungen des Research Committee 33 (Logik und Methodologie) der International Sociological Association zurück. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Fragen der Messung sowie die Vergleichbarkeit, Reliabilität und Validität in der international vergleichenden empirischen Forschung. Die Beiträge sind vier Themengruppen zugeordnet. Im ersten Teil geht es um Design und Implementation kulturvergleichender Studien (Instrumentarium, Question Appraisal System, EU-Projekte, Fragebogenverstehen, Interpretation der Ergebnisse). Der zweite Teil ist verschiedenen Aspekten der "Äquivalenz"-Problematik gewidmet, vor allem in Bezug auf das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) und den European Social Survey (ESS). Im dritten Teil wird die Harmonisierung soziodemographischer Information in unterschiedlichen Untersuchungen behandelt (amtliche Statistik, ESS, ISSP). Im abschließenden vierten Teil werden sozioökonomische Variablen in international vergleichender Perspektive diskutiert (Einkommen, Bildung, Beruf, Ethnizität, Religion). (ICE)

The paper is devoted to the study of the social and legal aspects of the
strategic development of inclusive education in higher education and social entrepreneurship. In the course of the research, the scientific, educational, methodological and normative base of the formation and organization of higher inclusive education was analyzed, its main principles and forms of organization were considered, domestic and foreign experience in this sphere was studied . According to the results of the study, the essential characteristics of "inclusiveness" and "inclusive education" are presented, the main features of the inclusive educational environment of the higher educational institution are outlined and the main directions of support for the training of students with special educational needs in the conditions of higher inclusive education are determined. The well-known norms, methods and techniques for estimating the level of inclusiveness are analyzed. The necessity to form a system of indicators for estimating the level of inclusiveness of the internal and external environment at enterprises
and institutions is substantiated.

The article analyzes the social sphere. A number of problems that are systemic and can influence on identifying the strategic guidelines of social policy are revealed. Certain legislative acts of strategic nature are estimated in the article and priority areas of implementation of social policy of Ukraine are outlined. ; В статье проведен анализ социальной сферы. Выявлен ряд проблем, которые носят системный характер и вливают на определение стратегических ориентиров социальной политики. Дана оценка отдельным законодательным актам стратегического характера и намечены приоритетные направления реализации социальной политики Украины. ; У статті здійснено аналіз соціальної сфери. Виявлено низку проблем, які носять системний характер і вливають на визначення стратегічних орієнтирів соціальної політики. Дано оцінку окремим законодавчим актам стратегічного характеру та окреслено пріоритетні напрями реалізації соціальної політики України.

The reform of external relations was a source of discord within the Convention. It is true that the agreement in principle was reached on an old objective: the affirmation of the Union's identity on the international stage, which calls for greater visibility, coherence, effectiveness and democratisation of its action. But the sovereignty issues underlying trade with third parties, development cooperation, humanitarian aid and the external dimension of the various internal policies, not to mention the common foreign and security policy, have given rise to numerous confrontations between advocates of the diplomatic method and promoters of a more integrated Europe. In these circumstances, a compromise was found. It reveals a mismatch between new, potentially successful institutional tools and the unbold arrangement of skills and procedures. ; International audience ; The reform of external relations was a source of discord within the Convention. It is true that the agreement in principle was reached on an old objective: the affirmation of the Union's identity on the international stage, which calls for greater visibility, coherence, effectiveness and democratisation of its action. But the sovereignty issues underlying trade with third parties, development cooperation, humanitarian aid and the external dimension of the various internal policies, not to mention the common foreign and security policy, have given rise to numerous confrontations between advocates of the diplomatic method and promoters of a more integrated Europe. In these circumstances, a compromise was found. It reveals a mismatch between new, potentially successful institutional tools and the unbold arrangement of skills and procedures. ; La réforme des relations extérieures a constitué une pomme de discorde au sein de la Convention. Certes, l'accord de principe fut acquis sur un vieil objectif : l'affirmation de l'identité de l'Union sur la scène internationale, qui appelle une visibilité, une cohérence, une efficacité et une démocratisation accrue ...

Des techniques pour la construction de modèles démographiques sont utilisées dans l'analyse de mobilité de carrière à l'intérieur d'une organisation dans laquelle la promotion dépend largement de l'âge. Les résultats sont généralisés à toute organisation formelle ayant une hiérarchie bien définie, que les promotions y dépendant de l'âge (e.g. basées sur la séniorité ou le parrainage) ou non (e.g. basées sur des concours ou une distribution au hasard). On démontre que la rapidité d'ascension est fortement influencée par le taux de croissance de l'organisation, les taux de retraites spécifiques à chaque groupe d'âge, et l'étendue moyenne de contrôle, un corrélatif de la taille de l'organization.La mobilité de carrière (intragénérationnelle) et peut‐être la mobilité intergénérationnelle, peuvent être vues comme le produit de deux dimensions distinctes et analytiquement indépendantes de l'organisation sociale, à savoir le contrôle et l'absorption. La question de savoir si ces deux dimensions s'influencent mutuellement nécessite des travaux additionnels de même que l'étude de la signification sociologique de Pindépendance de ces deux aspects de la mobilité sociale.Demographic modelling techniques are used in the analysis of career mobility within an organization in which promotion is largely age‐dependent. These findings are generalized to all formal organizations with well‐defined hierarchies, regardless of whether promotion is age‐dependent (e.g. based on seniority or sponsorship) or not (e.g. based on contests or random allocation). The speed of upward movement is shown to be strongly influenced by organizational growth rate, age‐specific retirement rates, and the average span of control, a correlate of organizational size.Career (intragenerational) mobility, and perhaps intergenerational mobility, can be conceptualized as the product of two dimensions of social organization, control and absorption, that are distinct and analytically independent. Further work will be needed to determine whether these two dimensions actually influence each other and to analyse the sociological significance of the independence of these two dimensions of social mobility.

Анотація: Актуальність політичного виховання студентів у вітчизняних закладах вищої освіти полягає в компенсації недоліків цього виховання в родині, у набутті цією молоддю політичної культури, яка стане і її своєрідним соціальним захистом, і умовою громадянської стабільності та, водночас, забезпечить суспільну динаміку правовими, а не революційними засобами. Метою публікації є: виявлення причин гальмування політичного виховання українських студентів, проаналізувавши провідні законодавчі документи щодо освіти; обґрунтування соціально-педагогічної сутності цього виховання, порівнюючи поняття «соціальне виховання» та «політичне виховання»; доведення ефективності соціально-педагогічного підходу до політичного виховання вітчизняних студентів у період демократизації суспільства. Методи дослідження: аналіз провідних законодавчих документів щодо освіти, термінологічний аналіз понять «соціальне виховання» та «політичне виховання», «громадянське виховання», їх систематизація, узагальнення. Демократична сутність соціальної педагогіки забезпечує трактування «політичного виховання» як цілеспрямованого процесу створення сприятливих умов політичного розвитку студентів, який є частиною їх соціального, а конкретно – громадянського вдосконалення. Метою політичного виховання студентів, з соціально-педагогічного погляду, є сприяння сходженню ними від політичної грамотності через політичну компетентність до політичної культури (ціннісне ставлення до політичного буття, політична суб'єктність, політична творчість, критичне сприйняття політичної інформації, політичне співробітництво, позитивна політична комунікація тощо). Соціально-педагогічний підхід до політичного виховання реалізується не лише через безпосередню роботу зі студентами, стимулюючи їх політичне самовиховання, але й опосередковано через соціальне середовище, як ЗВО, так і залучаючи різноманітні соціальні інститути та заклади: молодіжну субкультуру, ЗМК, заклади культури та мистецтва, правоохоронні органи, віртуальні соціальні мережі тощо. ; Abstract: The relevance of students' political education at national higher education institutions lies in compensating the flaws of this kind of education within a family, in gaining by these young people the political culture that will become their special social protection, and a condition for civil stability, while, simultaneously, providing the social dynamism with legal, not revolutional means. The aim of this paper is to discover the reasons that slow down the political education of Ukrainian students by analyzing the leading legislative documents regarding education; to justify the social-pedagogical nature of this education by comparing the concept «social education» with «political education»; to prove the effectiveness of the social-pedagogical approach to political education of nation's students during the period of society democratization, its decentralization. After analyzing the laws of Ukraine «On education», «On higher education», the Concepts of national education of student youth and national-patriotic education of children and youth, we have reached a conclusion that they reflect the lack of understanding of the meaning of political education on the state level, or a fear of one, just like it was with «national education» during soviet times. Fear of political education is tied to matching it, as we believe, with youth choosing certain political values, and because the authoritativeness of the higher education system is still not completely out of the soviet past, «choosing» may turn to «coercing» the higher education recipients to follow certain political values. This is facilitated by the definition of this term by political scientists as well. The democratic nature of social pedagogy ensures its representation as a purposeful process of creating favorable conditions for students' political development, which is part of their social, particularly civil, development. The aim of political education of students, from the social-pedagogical point of view, is to promote their growth from political literacy through political competence to political culture (value-based approach to political being, political subjectness, political creativity, critical perception of political information, political cooperation, positive political communication etc.). The social-pedagogical approach to political education is realized not only through immediate work with higher education recipients, stimulating their political self-education, but also through mediums of social environment, like HEI, as well as through including various social institutions and establishments: the youth's subculture, means of mass communication, culture and art establishments, law enforcement authorities, virtual social networks etc.

Анотація: Актуальність політичного виховання студентів у вітчизняних закладах вищої освіти полягає в компенсації недоліків цього виховання в родині, у набутті цією молоддю політичної культури, яка стане і її своєрідним соціальним захистом, і умовою громадянської стабільності та, водночас, забезпечить суспільну динаміку правовими, а не революційними засобами. Метою публікації є: виявлення причин гальмування політичного виховання українських студентів, проаналізувавши провідні законодавчі документи щодо освіти; обґрунтування соціально-педагогічної сутності цього виховання, порівнюючи поняття «соціальне виховання» та «політичне виховання»; доведення ефективності соціально-педагогічного підходу до політичного виховання вітчизняних студентів у період демократизації суспільства. Методи дослідження: аналіз провідних законодавчих документів щодо освіти, термінологічний аналіз понять «соціальне виховання» та «політичне виховання», «громадянське виховання», їх систематизація, узагальнення. Демократична сутність соціальної педагогіки забезпечує трактування «політичного виховання» як цілеспрямованого процесу створення сприятливих умов політичного розвитку студентів, який є частиною їх соціального, а конкретно – громадянського вдосконалення. Метою політичного виховання студентів, з соціально-педагогічного погляду, є сприяння сходженню ними від політичної грамотності через політичну компетентність до політичної культури (ціннісне ставлення до політичного буття, політична суб'єктність, політична творчість, критичне сприйняття політичної інформації, політичне співробітництво, позитивна політична комунікація тощо). Соціально-педагогічний підхід до політичного виховання реалізується не лише через безпосередню роботу зі студентами, стимулюючи їх політичне самовиховання, але й опосередковано через соціальне середовище, як ЗВО, так і залучаючи різноманітні соціальні інститути та заклади: молодіжну субкультуру, ЗМК, заклади культури та мистецтва, правоохоронні органи, віртуальні соціальні мережі тощо. ; Abstract: The relevance of students' political education at national higher education institutions lies in compensating the flaws of this kind of education within a family, in gaining by these young people the political culture that will become their special social protection, and a condition for civil stability, while, simultaneously, providing the social dynamism with legal, not revolutional means. The aim of this paper is to discover the reasons that slow down the political education of Ukrainian students by analyzing the leading legislative documents regarding education; to justify the social-pedagogical nature of this education by comparing the concept «social education» with «political education»; to prove the effectiveness of the social-pedagogical approach to political education of nation's students during the period of society democratization, its decentralization. After analyzing the laws of Ukraine «On education», «On higher education», the Concepts of national education of student youth and national-patriotic education of children and youth, we have reached a conclusion that they reflect the lack of understanding of the meaning of political education on the state level, or a fear of one, just like it was with «national education» during soviet times. Fear of political education is tied to matching it, as we believe, with youth choosing certain political values, and because the authoritativeness of the higher education system is still not completely out of the soviet past, «choosing» may turn to «coercing» the higher education recipients to follow certain political values. This is facilitated by the definition of this term by political scientists as well. The democratic nature of social pedagogy ensures its representation as a purposeful process of creating favorable conditions for students' political development, which is part of their social, particularly civil, development. The aim of political education of students, from the social-pedagogical point of view, is to promote their growth from political literacy through political competence to political culture (value-based approach to political being, political subjectness, political creativity, critical perception of political information, political cooperation, positive political communication etc.). The social-pedagogical approach to political education is realized not only through immediate work with higher education recipients, stimulating their political self-education, but also through mediums of social environment, like HEI, as well as through including various social institutions and establishments: the youth's subculture, means of mass communication, culture and art establishments, law enforcement authorities, virtual social networks etc.

Rare diseases are a heterogenic group of disorders with a little in common except of their rarity affecting by less than 5 : 10.000 people. In the world is registered about 6000-8000 rare diseases with 6–8% suffering population only in the European Union. In spite of rarity, they represent an important medical and social problem due to their incidence. For many rare diseases have no treatment, but if it exists and if started on time as being available to patients, there is a good prognosis for them to be able for normal life. The problems of patients affected by rare diseases are related to the lack of diagnosis and timely undergoing as well as their treatment or prevention. Orphan drugs are products intended for treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases, but for their development and marketing the industry has not been interested in yet because of their marketing reasons. Patients suffering from a rare disease although belonging to the vulnerable group for their specific health needs,is becoming invisible in the health care system due to their additional needs unproperly recognized. Ethical problems faced by patients, but also health care professionals are related to the allocation of medical diagnostics, unequal approach to health care, inappropriately specialized social services as well as therapy and rare orphan drugs unavailability. Ethical questions related to clinical trails on orphan drugs, population screening and epidemiology testing on rare diseases will also be discussed in this paper.

Communication in Social Work focuses on the role of communication in social work. This book discusses aspects of communication in the helping process and illustrates where information and advice on their own would not have been helpful to the client.

To avoid negative outcomes of rising biofuel production and use, and to reduce simultaneously greenhouse gas emissions, the European Commission linked its mandatory biofuel blending requirements to sustainability criteria defined in the Directive on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources (2009). Several voluntary, private standard initiatives are controlling the compliance along the value chain. Given that little experiences exist as to the certification of a large scale commodity like biofuels, there are many challenges to overcome. One point in question is the participation of small scale farmers in this complex and price bonded process. Is it possible to create methodologies to ensure the participation of smallholders? Additional uncertainties exist as to the implementation of control tools to avoid the jeopardizing of biodiversity or land with high carbon stocks. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the implementation of the sustainability criteria and its effects on crucial aspects as the inclusion of smallholder properties in certification schemes, effects on biodiversity or land use change. In addition, this work examines the possible limits of certification in the context of biofuel production and its claims for sustainable production patterns.

The article describes the main gender features of the implementation of political activities. We study the gender analysis as a process of assessing the different impact on women and men, which is implemented by existing or planned programs, legislation, public policy directions, in all spheres of society and the state. Moreover, the research proves the existence in society of discrimination based on sex, which means acts or omissions that express any distinction, exclusion or privilege on the basis of sex if they are intended to restrict or make it impossible to recognize, use or exercise on an equal basis human rights and freedoms for women and men. The article analyzes gender stereotypes in the social and political sphere that carried out on the example of a gender portrait of the Dnepropetrovsk region. Therefore, various forms of political activity are considered as a set of actions of individuals and social groups aimed at realizing their own political interests. We explore the effectiveness of the implementation of gender policy, which is manifested in the actions of political actors aimed at the adoption of the partnership of the sexes in the definition and implementation of political goals, objectives and methods for their achievement. It was stated that in the process of the democratic development of Ukrainian society, a social order for women engaged in active public and political activities and capable of holding high management positions should be met. This work reveals that the necessary component of the process of social development is the conduct of gender analysis, the introduction of gender analysis in the practice of assessing all social processes and the effectiveness of management of socio-economic and political development.In addition, the study proves that prerequisite for the development of society is gender equality, that is, the equal legal status of women and men and equal opportunities for its implementation, which allows individuals of both sexes to participate equally in all spheres of society's life. Also noted that the existence of gender inequality slows down the opportunities for economic growth, weakens the system of public administration and reduces the effectiveness of human development strategies. Therefore, careful study of the gender features of contemporary political life and the definition of the directions of further social development is an important condition for ensuring gender parity in various spheres of Ukrainian society. Accordingly, we determine that it is necessary to reduce the influence on the public consciousness of gender stereotypes, that is, stereotypes about the role and place of women and men in society having a cultural and historical basis and, in the majority, restricting the rights of women in society and generating gender discrimination. The article demonstrates that the peculiarities of modern political processes require the search for new approaches to explain and predict the various conflicts between the branches of power, political crises, in order to design policies and to choose the means of state policy.