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Abstract
The pragmatic marker ha 哈 in Mandarin, has little meaning in itself; while some studies have looked into its usage in spoken discourse, we seek to address its usage and unpack its specific interpersonal pragmatic function in online, private, dyadic discourse, itself an underexplored area, and a setting in which participants are free from public scrutiny, unlike on mass social media. The results demonstrate that it can be attached to clauses and sentences to show the affect of the writer, from indicating a jocular and playful tone to softening a request. Therefore, ha is used as a way to express different types of rapport orientations and positive self-presentation. By drawing on personal WeChat messages, this paper bridges the gap by focusing on ha in technologically-mediated conversation. The expanding usage of ha also suggests a wish to create linguistic forms which can act as substitutes for non-verbal communication features.

This research attempts to determine political marketing of Anies-Sandi in the first round of the 2017 Jakarta Governor Election by using the 4P political marketing theory by Niffenegger which is a strategy used by candidates in campaign activities that aim to influence voters during the general election. This strategy was used as a political communication tool towards society to branding their visions and missions, then became the focus of this research. The results indicate that Anies-Sandi have well-applied the principles of political marketing strategies with the 4P concept, namely product, promotion, price, and place. As the winning team and volunteers do the marketing of their political products during the campaign through media and publications, by calculating costs and candidate images, as well as information dissemination strategies through winning posts spread out across every area of Jakarta. With the result that Anies-Sandi won the 2017 Jakarta Governor Election.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the world's learning system, from face-to-face to online (online). The transition of this system is a challenge that must be faced by education providers. This study aims to map the challenges faced in online learning, and analyze the use of a collaborative approach to deal with them. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, by utilizing literature and articles that are traced through literature studies. The results of the study found three challenges faced in online learning, namely: technology, socio-economics, and digital competence. There are five stakeholders in online learning collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely the government, the private sector, NGOs, universities, and the mass media. These stakeholders have their respective roles according to their capacities. Collaboration can work well by directly involving stakeholders in decision making, built through intensive communication between stakeholders in delivering creative and innovative ideas to solve online learning problems.

Technology has influenced every aspect of life. Journalism and communication industries have also widely adapted to it. Traditional journalism has been revolutionized altogether with the implication of technology. From news production to news distribution, everything has become abrupt and unobstructed. This study focuses on the impact of technology on traditional journalism in Pakistan. An in-depth interview method has been employed as a research method. Providing insight into the issue, main research objectives include (i) analyze the scope of technology in Pakistani Journalism, (ii) exploring technological literacy in Pakistani journalism and (iii) seeing the impact of technology on the production and dissemination of journalistic content in Pakistan. This study concluded that technology had altered the overall landscape of journalism in Pakistan. It has assisted journalistic practices in a considerably effective way. Although there are constructive effects of mobile journalism, the concerns over authenticity and credibility of the media content have also been raised in Pakistan.

We focus on the role of social media as a high-frequency, unfiltered mass information transmission channel and how its use for government communication affects the aggregate stock markets. To measure this effect, we concentrate on one of the most prominent Twitter users, the 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump. We analyze around 1,400 of his tweets related to the US economy and classify them by topic and textual sentiment using machine learning algorithms. We investigate whether the tweets contain relevant information for financial markets, i.e. whether they affect market returns, volatility, and trading volumes. Using high-frequency data, we find that Trump's tweets are most often a reaction to pre-existing market trends and therefore do not provide material new information that would influence prices or trading. We show that past market information can help predict Trump's decision to tweet about the economy.

Tasikmalaya District is one of the West Java regions with good agribusiness potentials in food crops and ruminant livestock. The potentials must be utilized properly to have an impact on regional economic improvements. This research aimed to design a dissemination model for mobile money application in rural communities, especially in Tasikmalaya District, in three sub-districts: Singaparna, Rajapolah, and Ciawi, using a structured approach through Soft System Methodology (SSM). The model must be built in a system, through a four-layered model, with components for each layer: a) Layer-1 consists of values, infrastructure (network, smartphone, merchant), customer capabilities, & regulations; b) Layer-2 consists of institutional support (local government and related agencies); c) Feature, communities, and communication media; d) Sweetener program. In the implementation process, layer-1's readiness is a priority that must be met first, followed by layer-2, layer-3, and layer-4's readiness.Keywords: dissemination model, soft system methodology, mobile money, Tasikmalaya

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a rapidly increasing area of study used by Applied Linguists to examine discourse, that is spoken or written communication, found in areas such as education, media and politics. CDA studies focus on the relationship between society and discourse and how the use of language reinforces already established societal roles. This paper focused on a vintage American Airlines advertisement of 1968 which is a classic example of utilitarian advertising that purported a false reality of air travel in the late 20th century. Using the three-dimensional CDA framework designed by Fairclough (1989) the results showed a manipulation of gender roles by the advertisers intended to appeal to the male dominated passengers of the airline. Primarily, the alignment of air hostess with that of a mother. The maternalisation of this profession reflected the advertisers' views of the time and in a wider societal perspective, power inequalities between men and women.

This study aimed to describe how the role of the Makassar big city police in handling cases of domestic violence in the city of Makassar. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The number of informants in this study were 6 people. The results of this study showed that the aspect of communication carried out by the police, it run well through social media, the community and victims who got violence, the educational aspect was the police did socialization into the community to provide counseling. Aspects of socialization carried out by police by collaborating with the village government to share the PKDRT law to the community. Apart from the village government there were also community shelters formed by integrated services centers of women and children and directly sheltered by the Office of Women's Empowerment and City Child Protection Makassar. And the aspect of advocacy aimed to provide understanding related to domestic violence in community.

На материале текстов российских СМИ и фрагментов компьютерно-опосредованной коммуникации, в которых обсуждается функционирование наиболее важных социальных институтов — государства, церкви, системы образования — демонстрируется, каким образом с помощью иронии говорящему удается апеллировать и к рациональному началу, и к эмоциям читательской аудитории. Одним из самых популярных способов выражения негативной оценки происходящих событий является ирония, используемая в деонтической функции. ; The research is based on Russian mass-media publications and samples of computer-mediated communication. The texts address the issues of social interaction between the citizens and the most important social institutions: the state, the Russian Orthodox Church and the educational system. The evaluative potential of irony makes it a frequent way of expressing critical stance. Two forms of irony – the absurd (or surrealistic) irony and the propositional negation (or antiphrastic) irony – are the most popular strategies of expressing negative evaluation since they are the most obvious and easiest for recognition.

The motifs for researching the factors which influence the appearance of interethnic intolerance in Macedonia derive from the daily life i.e. the constant actualisation of interethnic intolerance by the media, especially because of the physical violence among the students who study in schools with mixed ethnicity in several cities in the country. The segregation based on ethnicity is noticed in students' wish to study in separate schools and by different curriculum. The general conclusion from the research is that the inter ethnic intolerance between the Macedonian and the Albanian students, in one hand, is directly induced from the politisation of the Macedonian society which, on the other hand, is a result of the great social changes; then, the existing prejudices and cultural differences among the students as well as the low communication between the students and their parents. This fact contributes to low social control that students usually express through intolerance, physical and verbal disputes in their schools.

La conmemoración de los bicentenarios en esta parte del subcontinente, posibilita el pretexto para reflexionar en torno a lo que nos constituye y atraviesa como países y ciudadanos pertenecientes a Estados-nacionales democráticos. El artículo describe una ruta posible: la prensa decimonónica y su relación con el poder y las subalternidades generadas en los albores de la república colombiana. Palabras clave Prensa decimonónica, república de Colombia, subalternidades, Comunicación Social. Observatorio de Medios. DECIMONONIC PRESS/POWER/SUBALTERNITIES/HISTORY/ AND OTHER ISSUES, IN COLOMBIAN BICENTENARY ABSTRACT The commemoration of the bicentennial in this part of the subcontinent, establishes pretext to reflect on what makes us and crosses as countries and citizens belonging to national democratic states. The article describes a possible route: the nineteenth-century press and its relationship to power and subalternities generated in the beginning of the Republic of Colombia. KEY WORDSNineteenth-century press; republic of Colombia, subalternities, Social Communication. Media Center.

This article considers the ways we may regard the new public computer networks as "liberal machines." Although libertarian expectations of the Internet's potential as a technology of freedom are likely to be disappointed, digital communications networks remain the source of powerful but unrealized aspirations on the part of governments, "netizens," and international agencies. The tasks we assign to liberal government may be more complex in the new media environment, but they have not disappeared. New technologies are perceived as creating new problems for governments and citizens, but through the prism of information policy these same technologies are also seen as offering unprecedented new capacities for redressing perceived deficiencies in Western cultural and political communities. This article discusses the role of governments and international bodies in two key fields of information policy: the management of illegal or harmful material and the adaptation of intellectual property rights to digital networks.

A few years ago, using the concept "visual culture" would probably have resulted in confusion (and consternation) rather than communication. That has changed. As Susan Buck-Morss remarked, "Visual culture, once a foreigner to the academy, has gotten its green card and is here to stay." Today, the study of modes and techniques of visual address is fundamental to thinking critically about the times in which we find ourselves, and crucial for an education relevant to a world undergoing an "image revolution" on a scale so unprecedented that we are warned about the dangers of "hypervisuality". Indeed, the incipient development of visual studies programs has been a direct - if tardy - reaction to the hegemony of images in contemporary society. The power exercised by the myriad pictures which inundate our daily lives has generally received little attention in academia because they are produced by new and/or "unrespectable" media: photography, film, video, cartoons, advertising, computers, etc.

This study examines the impact of the introduction of voice mail on (1) the effectiveness of the interorganizational relationship between a manufacturing firm and its network of dealerships and (2) the sales performance of these dealerships. As voice mail was introduced into two of five sales regions, this trial intervention provided an opportunity to assess these organizational impacts using a quasi-experimental research design. The results indicate that voice mail enhanced interorganizational effectiveness as measured by dealership sales performance in two primary ways: directly, due to the store and forward nature of voice mail; and indirectly, due to improved interorganizational relationships between the manufacturer's field representatives and the dealerships' sales managers enabled by the more effective use of written communication media. The study also demonstrates the importance, when examining the organizational impacts of information technology, of devising data-gathering procedures which tightly link the functionality of the technology being examined to specific organizational processes.

This study purposes to build a generic theoretical framework of urban politics, drawing on Bourdieu's relational sociology and theory of practice. Through a Bourdieusian relational mode of analysis, the study has conceptualized subfields of urban politics and the possible dimensions of politics among stakeholders in different subfields. In addition, the two conceptual spaces of positions and position-takings in the field of urban politics were hypothetically constructed with a methodological suggestion of Galois lattice analysis. The concepts of capital and habitus have also been related to develop the theoretical framework.