Suchergebnisse

The current government has significantly reduced the scale of the road-building programme. Instead of new roads, where practical it wishes to see alternative, more sustainable, transport strategies pursued in attempts to reduce problems of traffic congestion. These strategies are to be evaluated within a new form of transport-assessment framework known as a multimodal study (MMS). A pioneering version of an MMS, the Sustainable Transport Study for Aberdeen (STSA), was published in 1998. Significantly, it was prepared against the backcloth of a proposal for a major strategic new road, the Western Peripheral Route. The authors consider whether the STSA provides a rigorous and objective examination of the full range of practical transport strategies for the city of Aberdeen in northeast Scotland, and consider how far it conforms in its scope and methodology to that advised in (subsequently published) government guidance on MMSs.

Includes index. ; "Research completed August 1980." ; Revision of: Area handbook for Ethiopia / Irving Kaplan, et al. 1971. ; Bibliography: p. 319-344. ; Historical setting / Richard P. Stevens -- The society and its environment / Irving Kaplan -- The economy / Donald P. Whitaker -- Government and politics / Harold D. Nelson -- National security / Robert Rinehart. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Over half a billion children lack adequate lighting and use dim, smoky and dangerous kerosene-based lighting for their evening studies. This article examines the conventional wisdom that the brighter, clean, safe and zero-marginal-cost light of solar lamps enhances children's learning outcomes. In a randomised experiment, unexpectedly, solar lamps lowered test scores by five points out of 100 (0.25 standard deviation), but increased reported study time by approximately 30 minutes per day. This may be due to flickering from lack of full charge, lowering their productivity. The nationwide learning assessment suggests that solar lamps likely have an insignificant effect on educational attainment. Adapted from the source document.

BACKGROUND: Surveillance strategies are critical to cope with the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to evaluate, as well as adjust government-imposed countermeasures. Incidence estimates are widely based on laboratory confirmed cases reported by health authorities. Prevalence and incidence data of SARS-CoV-2 is still scarce, along with demographic and behavioural factors associated with infection risk. METHODS: The Cologne Corona Surveillance Study will be conducted in the City of Cologne, which is the fourth-largest city in Germany with a population of approximately 1.1 million. Researchers will apply self-sampling surveillance to a rolling cohort of Cologne residents. Random samples of 6000 Cologne residents 18 years of age and older will be drawn from the registration office. Upon receiving the information and saliva sample kit, participants will be asked to fill out a questionnaire online or via phone, sign written informed consent, and send back written consent, as well as saliva sample. The saliva samples will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse PCR. The questionnaire will be administered to gather information about personal characteristics such as health status and risks. A second round of testing will take place 6 weeks after the first. DISCUSSION: Self-administered saliva sampling proved to be a legitimate and feasible alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs taken by health professionals. However, it is unclear whether the targeted response rate of 40% can be achieved and whether the results are representative of the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00024046, Registered on 25 February 2021.

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the sectors that show the largest potential for supporting the country's quest for economic diversification. The study identifies key opportunities in the agriculture, manufacturing, oil and gas, and transport logistic sectors, and analyzes key areas in which specific reforms can best contribute to economic diversification. The study also presents evidence-based policy suggestions to support future government plans and strategies.

In runoff water from highways are diluted several pollutants, that can affect groundwater resources, that depend on the traffic, as well as, on the automobile wear, type of road, infrastructure installed and waterproofing area. These discharges have impacts on the environment. To mitigate such impacts usually there are used retention/treatment basins. In this paper there was analyzed runoff water quality and the efficiency of five basins located in a highway in northern Portugal, in a sensitive area, where are explored mineral waters. It was verified that the results are according with Portuguese legislation in terms of limits of discharge. The treatment efficiency of theses basins is good. The obtained results from the previous analyses were compared with others case studies with different traffic volume and different precipitation ...