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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- The Fight Against Discrimination on the Grounds of Sex, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the External Relations of th... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Non-discrimination on Grounds of Sex in the EU´s Internal Action -- 3 Non-discrimination on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU´s Internal Action -- 4 The Scope of Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Women and LGBTIQ Persons in the EU´s External Relations -- 5 Intersectionality As a Common Feature of the EU´s External Action in the Fight Against Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, S... -- 6 The Content of Gender Equality in External Relations of the European Union -- 7 The Content of Non-discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU External Action -- 8 Protection of the Rights of Women and LGBTIQ Persons in the EU´s External Action and the International Human Rights Protecti... -- 9 Final Remarks -- References -- Feminist Justice and the European Court of Human Rights -- 1 Introduction: Importance of Gender Sensitive Judgments -- 2 How Much Has the ECtHR´s Jurisprudence Achieved? -- 3 Direct Gender Discrimination and Gender Equality in Jurisprudence of the ECtHR: Protection Under Article 14 and Protocol 12 -- 4 Indirect Gender Discrimination and Gender Equality in Jurisprudence of the ECtHR -- 4.1 Some Aspects of Articles 2 and 8 in the Context of Indirect Discrimination -- 4.2 Some Aspects of Articles 3 and 8 in the Context of Indirect Discrimination -- 5 Positive Measures -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Online Database -- Cases -- Female Reproduction and Sexuality: The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Women´s Rights in International Jurisprudence -- 1 Introduction: Reproduction, Motherhood and Stereotypes.

"With the Maritime Labour Conventions entry into force in August 2013, the shipping industry will soon be faced with a new international convention that has comprehensive implications across all sectors. This vital text provides timely analysis and thought-provoking essays regarding the Conventions application and enforcement in practice.Hailed as the "Seafarers Bill of Rights" and the "fourth pillar" of the international regulatory regime for quality shipping, the Maritime Labour Convention is set to significantly alter the playing field for key stakeholders. This book offers diverse and interesting commentary in respect of the Conventions impact on core sectors of the shipping industry, identifying both strengths and weaknesses of the Convention, as well as potential hurdles that will need to be overcome. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the Convention, ranging from individual rights of the seafarer to challenges of flag State implementation. Special attention is given to enforcement through examination of the innovative measures provided in the Convention itself, along with discussion of domestic enforcement mechanisms in certain States. Furthermore, the book evaluates whether the Convention has filled existing gaps in maritime labour law, resolved prior difficulties or created new problems.This book expertly addresses issues of fundamental importance to national authorities, shipping professionals and associations, maritime lawyers and academics worldwide"--

Customary international law (CIL) is widely recognized as a fundamental source of international law. While its continued significance in the age of treaties was once contested, it is now generally accepted that CIL remains a vital element of the international legal order. Yet CIL is also plagued with conceptual and practical difficulties, which have led critics to challenge its coherence and legitimacy. In particular, critics of CIL have argued that it does not meaningfully affect state behavior. Traditional CIL scholarship is ill equipped to answer such criticism because its objectives are doctrinal or normative—namely, to identify, interpret, and apply CIL rules, or to argue for desirable changes in CIL. For the most part, that scholarship does not propose an explanatory theory in the social scientific sense, which would articulate how CIL works, why states comply, and why and how rules change.

Family cohesion is crucial to refugee and immigrant children. National immigration policies frequently give discretionary preference to family reunification, but subject it to restrictions, and seldom does domestic law grant the refugee or the alien resident a right to prompt reunification with foreign family members. While recognizing a right to family life, international law did. not in the past recognize a right of entry for the alien for the purposes of family reunification. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, however, requires states to ensure the child's right to family unity and entitles all children to family reunification.