Suchergebnisse

Modulation of human magnetic or electrical sensorimotor rhythms during motor imagery is
widely used in fundamental and applied neurophysiological research. To date, there is evidence
of a better sensitivity of magnetic field sensors to beta-rhythm modulation, however, the
potential synergistic effect of combining the two modalities has not yet been investigated. In this
study, simultaneous registration of electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram
(MEG) was carried out in eight healthy volunteers during voluntary and imaginary movements,
as well as during electrical stimulation of the median nerve. In all subjects, it was possible to
identify desynchronization (suppression) of mu and beta rhythms during the performance of
sensorimotor tasks, as well as beta synchronization after the end of movement or stimulation.
Using the common projections of the covariance matrices of signals of the electric, magnetic,
and combined ("MEEG") modalities, the most sensitive individual spatial filters were calculated
separately for each type of reaction. Relative to the pre-stimulus control, the changes in the
amplitude of the sensorimotor rhythm components turned out to be the largest in the combined
MEEG modality. At the same time, for mu-desynchronization, MEEG turned out to be
significantly better than MEG, and for beta-desynchronization, MEEG turned out to be
significantly better than both MEG and EEG. For beta synchronization, a shift in the position of
sources in the fronto-medial direction was shown, and there were no significant differences in
amplitude between modalities. It was also shown that for beta desynchronization, most subjects
identified MEG sources with identical EEG projections or without pronounced EEG
projections, which indicates the presence of several small tangentially located cortical dipoles
involved in beta rhythm desynchronization. The results obtained indicate that in studies of
modulation of sensorimotor rhythm components, in particular beta desynchronization, the
combination of MEG and EEG leads to greater sensitivity. The multifocal nature of the
magnetic beta rhythm and its varying severity in EEG sources indicate the presence of
independent regulatory circuits of cortical-thalamic or intracortical origin.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the main parameters of electronic educational resources (EER) in foreign language education at university level, and to identify the pedagogical conditions for their optimal use with the final goal of motivation of students for learning activities and as a result the quality of education and optimizing language training. Using theoretical methods, data were obtained on the current trends in the use of electronic educational resources in the study of foreign languages; оn the basis of systematic observations of the students' activity in the classroom and the evaluation of their productive activities, pedagogical conditions were identified and justified that contribute to the activity of students when working with EER, taking into account the purpose of these resources. The identified pedagogical conditions for the use of EER in the educational process, according to the intended purpose of these resources and taking into account the peculiarities of perception and the needs of modern students, contribute to a more rational integration of EER in teaching students foreign languages, the optimal use of these resources to motivate students to study and increase the productivity of the educational process. Some of the conclusions reached are that EERs have a significant potential for intensifying the educational process, provided that the identified pedagogical conditions for their use are met. These conditions relate to the objectives of a particular stage of learning, taking into account the cognitive characteristics of students, the possibility of choosing and determining the relevant information by them, the interactive nature of computer tasks. The increase of the open tasks in the educational process and multimedia resources are intended to orient the teacher in the choice of the necessary EER and the methodology for its application.

The article focuses on the issue of highlighting the approaches being tested in contemporary migration studies to demonstrate their limits – conceptual, methodological, and methodical – as analytical tools. The three most popular research perspectives, namely positivism, relativism, and critical realism, are taken as a basis. The author substantiates the idea that the approach accumulates a much broader context than just the instrumental one, which correlates to the realization of an exclusively methodical function. Since by choosing one of the forms of analytics, scholars outline the ontological and epistemological framework of the methodology in the study of migration. Based on the key provisions (principles) of each approach, the author characterizes them as general scientific and specialized tools (for migration scholars) and identifies the different by nature shortcomings and opportunities for applying the obtained results. A particular focus is on demonstrating examples of research works that test these approaches. It is argued that positivism and relativism are monofactorial, less critical and more superficial (flatness) approaches compared to critical realism, characterized by stratified ontological realism, methodological pluralism, and judgment rationality. It is shown that the reasons for the popularity of positivist and relativist types of thinking are the methodological possibility of simplifying political issues and applying knowledge about migration to legitimize certain political beliefs and actions, on the one hand, and their deep internal hierarchization, which provides flexibility and opportunities for improvement, on the other. Finally, the author emphasizes the prospects for further research focusing on the scientific (revision of positivism and relativism under the necessities of the present), philosophical (rethinking the epistemological and practical components of the approach, balancing them) and practical (the need for higher representativeness of research conducted within the framework of critical realism) dimensions of migration issues.

This article adopts an interpretive approach to investigate how local policy-makers portray and justify their own visions of digital governance initiatives at the municipal level. Our investigation focuses on smart city projects submitted by various Belgian municipalities in the framework of the 'Intelligent Territory' call for proposals initiated in 2019 by the Walloon Region. We use Boltanski and Thévenot's theory of orders of worth and combine quantitative and qualitative content analysis to categorize the different justifications elaborated by municipal governments. The empirical results point to the polysemic nature of the smart city concept and highlight the diversity of opportunities offered by smart city policies according to municipal policy-makers. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of the varieties of interpretations underpinning the construction of digital governance initiatives. It therefore supports the argument according to which there is no one-size-fits-all approach to smart city policies as local policy-makers may attribute different meanings to them and may formulate place-based ICTs solutions to what they perceive as the most pressing problems of their territories. Points for practitioners Smart city projects can be used by governing authorities as instruments to achieve a variety of policy goals Examples of policy goals are to boost local economic development, to improve the effectiveness of municipal service provision, to strengthen social bonds across local community members, to promote the ecological preservation of urban environments and to improve the collaboration between citizens and public administrations Local governments can adaptively use smart technologies as instruments to overcome multiple place-based environmental, social and economic problems Local governments should frame smart urban technologies as means to solve different societal problems and achieve different policy goals – rather than an end per se

The purpose of the article is to highlight the specifics of chamber singing as a special expressive technique in canvases, generally designed for presentation on a large scene, which allows, on the one hand, to clarify the idea of K. Orff's stylistics, and on the other hand, to make a contribution to the theory of chamber art in the aspect of modeling its features in the conditions of a large-scale scenic embodiment. The methodological basis of the research is the intonation approach to the nature of music in the traditions of the works of the followers of B. Asaf'ev's concept in Ukraine in the works of O. Markova, O. Muravska, L. Shevchenko with a principle emphasis on stylistic-comparative, hermeneutic, historical-descriptive, and cultural- disciplinary for secretion of epoch stylistic status of works, essential in modernity significance of their expressive aspects, their explanation by the author, historic world-outlook interaction of music expedients with expedients of other types of arts. The scientific novelty of the study is formed by the originality of the vision of the data expressiveness in the title of K. Orff's works, as well as the discovery of the theoretical formulation of such a feature of chamber vocals as «hiding» the dynamic excess of expressing the capabilities of the operatic voice by placing the melody in extreme registers with appropriate textural indicators. Conclusions. Chamber vocal constitutes a typological expressiveness of singing, which is organically adjusted by the conditions of salon or salon-style voicing of works, but also has a symbolic expressive cut, which, as a special method of sound expression, is detected in works designed for dynamic large-scale presentation, but with artistically grounded techniques of chamber singing in zones of so-called "quiet" climaxes and starting points of "crescendoing" dramaturgy, as we find in two famous scenic cantatas and the extremely popular opera by K. Orff.
Key words: chamber singing, musical piece; scenic cantata, opera, vocal.

The purpose of the article is to investigate the cultural and historical context of the problematisation of the phenomenon of trauma in the European scientific discourse of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, to reveal the influence, role and significance of historical discourse on the problematisation of trauma. The research methodology includes general scientific principles of systematisation and generalisation of the investigated problem, which allowed defining and scientifically substantiating the existing theories, conceptual approaches to understanding the meaning of the concept of "trauma". The purpose and tasks of the article determined the use of an axiological approach, which allowed revealing the interdisciplinary nature of the considered theories, to reveal personalised scientific positions. The use of the analytical method helped identify the conceptual foundations for further scientific perspectives of the understanding of trauma, traumatisation from the perspective of applied cultural knowledge. The scientific novelty consists in the study of theoretical concepts of the problematisation of trauma in the European scientific discourse of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, outlined the cultural and historical context of research. Conclusions. The traumatic events experienced by Ukrainians differ in the scale and depth of the destruction of the social and cultural order of life and existence. The issue of practical identification and overcoming of injuries is relevant for the Ukrainian present and requires active scientific consideration. The meaningful filling of the theoretical problematisation of the trauma went through the path of interdisciplinary understanding and its entry into the scientific toolkit and its subject study. The researched scientific approaches and concepts are the theoretical basis for the development of detraumatisation strategies within the framework of trauma studies as an independent field of applied cultural scientific knowledge.
Key words: trauma, traumatisation, problematisation of trauma, traumatic experience.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the methodological paradigm of the cultural study of dance axiology against the background of the theoretical interaction of traditions and modernity. The research methodology. The interdisciplinary nature of the research is based on a combination of theoretical justification of traditions and practical direction into modern narratives. The power of influence of the cultural knowledge content lies in explaining the present through the past and in designing future progress. This is how we consider the methodological key to understanding the dialectical unity of the phenomena of tradition and innovation in their cultural development. The unifying link between the past, present, and future is the originality of the historical place of the people's culture, its national spirit is immersed in ethnocultural genesis. The article focuses on the structural-functional method as a guide between traditions and current historical and cultural processes, chronotopes of cultural regionalism from philosophers of ancient eras, literature artists to leading culturologists of modern Ukraine. Scientific novelty of the research. The interaction between traditions and the modern system of cultural studies on the basis of dance axiology is revealed. The axiology of dance is a phenomenon in the cultural paradigm of the specificity of the constitution of the results of dance culture in the ethnocultural space. Conclusions. The axiology of dance is considered in the plane of the cultural phenomenon. The dynamics of ethical values in spatial-temporal introjection, which are produced by dance and normalised as an important component in the system of socio-cultural ties in the preservation of traditions, are reflected. During the thousand-year historical and cultural development, the dance has demonstrated the spiritual unity of the people, the integrity of the cultural paradigm as a factor of the value basis of the individual who integrates into society, realising the motivation of spiritual needs.
Key words: culturology, dance, axiology, traditions, personality.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the case of York University in Canada to analyze the connection between University Social Responsibility and voluntary disclosure. The authors examine whether the university's voluntary air emissions disclosure is performative by exploring whether York University's espoused commitment to its community stakeholders truly guides its incentive to disclose carbon emissions in the absence of a legal mandate.


Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative exploratory study uses a post-humanistic approach to build on publicly available data on key measures and metrics of air quality and carbon emissions to facilitate our understanding of representational and interventionist uses of measurement models by social actors and their basis for making voluntary disclosures.


Findings
York University linked the logic of capital markets with sustainability disclosures as an incentive for managing the cost of long-term debt. This paper contributes to measurement practice of sustainability disclosure by reinforcing the practice-theoretic conception of measurement that questions the independent nature of objects measured from the measurement methods and reporting tools.


Practical implications
The findings of this study are important to higher education administrators, regulators and policymakers, as they offer a strategic guide for the assessment of reports on an organization's commitment to sustainability and in determining the efficacy of voluntary reporting to community stakeholders in general although they are intended for specific groups.


Originality/value
Using York University as an illustrative case, the authors argue that air emissions per se are not a reality that shapes decisions at the organizations; instead, the intra-action of air emissions measurement, communications and operational investments define the reality where sustainability is advanced. Specifically, the authors find that the performative effects of emissions disclosure may be associated with socially desirable outcomes in terms of social responsibility and concrete financial rewards.

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest on how social capital and related social environmental factors impact overall population health and well-being. The nature of asylum-seekers' social environment alters once they migrate to a new context and these changes influence their mental health and well-being. However, there is limited scholarship on how these social environmental factors impact the mental health, well-being, and capacity to flourish of asylum-seekers.MethodsThe aim of the study, therefore, was to examine how specific social environmental factors—social networks, social support, and social cohesion at various levels (micro, meso, and macro)—influence the mental health, well-being, and capacity to flourish of asylum-seekers in France. In collaboration with a community-based organization, we used a qualitative research design to conduct 120 semi-structured interviews with asylum-seekers in France.ResultsThe emerging salient themes depicted how the asylum-seekers' usual informal social networks comprised of family and friends had been disrupted since they migrated to France, which impacted their mental health and well-being. Conversely, staying connected with their informal transnational social networks via social media and developing ties with new local informal and formal social networks allowed them to receive different forms of social support, and buffered some of the negative mental health consequences. However, the lack of social cohesion due to a lack of belonging, marginalization, and current harmful migration-related policies impeded asylum-seekers' capacity to flourish.ConclusionWhile social support derived from social networks buffered some negative impacts on mental health and well-being, the overall lack of social cohesion ultimately impeded asylum-seekers' capacity to flourish within their host communities, which was further exacerbated by harmful migration policies of exclusion within France. Introducing more inclusive policies related to the governance of migration and an intersectoral approach that views health in all policies is key to promoting social cohesion and flourishing among asylum-seekers in France.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The research objective of this paper is to analyze the profile and selected content of the Catholic portal deon.pl in the context of quality journalism.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND METHODS: The main research problem is to determine the facts related to the genesis, profile and content of the messages of one of the most popular Catholic portals in Poland.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first part of the paper reviews the literature in the field of broadly defined criteria of quality journalism. Then, the profile of the deon.pl portal was presented, and in the following sections, the analysis of the content of the Deon FB profile and the deon.pl portal.
RESEARCH RESULTS: All these materials were analyzed according to their subject matter, the nature of the message, the number of likes, political overtones and the program line of the portal. The titles of the deon.pl Facebook account reflect two thematic lines: the theme of the war in Ukraine and the theme of preparations for Easter. At deon.pl, an analysis of the texts in the tabs of the information and opinion sections was carried out.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Quality journalism is on the one hand "journalism of values" and on the other "professional journalism". Manifestations of such journalism are visible in deon.pl. The Jesuit portal should be considered a manifestation of journalistic quality in Poland due to the clear values professed, and at the same time, transmitted by the editorial staff, as well as professionalism of work in accordance with accepted journalistic rules and high ethical standards, visible in the unambiguous separation of information from opinion. Deon.pl is an example of a Catholic portal with a successful attempt to combine tradition and journalistic news against the fake news tendencies.

The paper provides a comparative analysis study of the dynamics and mechanisms of the strategic stability transformation both during the Cold War and at present. Drawing on the analysis of the factors affecting strategic stability in different time periods, the author outlines the priorities of this transformation. Its basic principles are confined to the stability of nuclear deterrence in any realistic scenarios and do not provide for practical action. Hence, one should distinguish them from applied solutions for calculating military-strategic balances and elaboration of arms control agreements. The latter depend on the current strategic landscape subject to constant, sometimes drastic change, as both the Cold War history and the recent developments testify. The choice of particular type of representation of strategic stability is determined by the nature of the most dangerous ongoing trends, and relies on a set of three basic groups of factors (political-military, military-technical, and military-strategic) existing at a given time. This necessitates constant revaluation of these factors and development of new practical measures to build up nuclear deterrence.The paper assesses the current set of relevant factors affecting stability of nuclear deterrence, and then compares it with the commonly used model of strategic stability based on the logic of arms control negotiations of the late 1980s. The author highlights the limitations of the latter model applicability to the present strategic landscape, and outlines the key factors that erode the current understanding of strategic stability (as it was stipulated in the 1990 U.S.–Soviet Joint Statement). In particular the author emphasizes the increasing complexity of international landscape as compared to the Cold War period: new and unanticipated challenges have affected all three above-mentioned groups of factors. The paper ends up with the analysis of the possible developments in the field of arms control that could alleviate tensions and increase strategic stability.

The material of the study was the Church Slavonic texts of the 18–20th
centuries. As a result of an electronic search in digitized versions of these sources,
512 entries were obtained, mainly from liturgical texts, which distinguishes our
material from illustrative examples for this lexeme in a number of other dictionaries.
Lexicographic sources allow us to state that there is no monosemantic correspondence
between the selected meanings of the Church Slavonic word and the Greek equivalents. As a result of the analysis of the studied material, the following meanings were
distinguished for the word зракъ́ : 1) contemplation (process, action according to
the verb зрѣти́ ); 2) look; 3) sight, eye (the ability to see); 4) appearance, face; 5) picture, icon; 6) image (refl ection of objects and phenomena of reality in human mind);
7) essence, nature; 8) vision. Th e meaning (1) naming the process is related to the
verb зрѣти́ in its transitive meaning, as are the meanings (4, 5, 6, 7) naming the
object. Meanings (2) and (3) are associated with the verb зрѣти́ in intransitive
meanings: as the names of the ability to see — sight (3) and its immaterial tool — look
(2). In the fi rst 7 meanings, the word зракъ́ is associated with the verb зрѣти́ , in
the meaning (8) — with the verb зрѣтисѧ ́ . One can define the first three meanings
as 'internal', subjective, associated with the characteristics of the looking subject,
and the rest as 'external', objective, associated with the characteristics of the visible
object. Th e complexity of the semantic structure of the word зракъ́ in the studied
texts is partly due to the presence of polysemantic combinations. In several cases,
an unusual use of the plural forms of this word is noted, accompanying some shades
of its meanings.

Working from home (WFH) arrangements have been on the rise globally throughout the 21st century. Despite this trajectory, developing economies have trailed developed countries in adopting such arrangements. However, because of COVID-19 lockdowns and social distancing measures, countries such as Uruguay, where teleworking was scarce and unregulated, were forced to adopt this practice to ensure business continuity. Under such conditions, preexisting organizational and individual disparities stratified the likelihood of WFH during the pandemic. Conventional wisdom holds that the main determinants potential-to-telework stems almost exclusively from the nature of jobs themselves. This article expands the traditional understanding of telework determinants by showing that during the first stages of the pandemic, individual features of the worker, and organizational and managerial features of the employer, were both determinative of the likelihood that a given worker would work from home. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the March 2020 wave of the Work Monitor, a web-based survey of 847 employed Uruguayan adults. We fitted several multivariate regression models predicting (a) the odds of working for a company which adopted COVID-19-related teleworking policies at least for some workers and (b) the odds of WFH as a consequence of COVID-19. As the adoption of telework was largely unplanned and abrupt, results show that disparities on organizational adoption of teleworking policies were related to pre-pandemic differences across organizations in terms of preparedness, technological investment, and management practices. Results also show that employers' willingness to enable WFH policies was the strongest predictor, at any level, of the likelihood of individuals to telework during the national emergency. Individual disparities in terms of human capital also have a great impact on the likelihood of teleworking during lockdowns, but their effect depends on the existence of organizational teleworking policies. Findings' implications for the present and future of telework in developing countries are discussed.

In effectively confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to complement the contributions of Biomedical Sciences to those offered by the Human Sciences. The theoretical foundations derived from the treatment of the interaction of the infectious agent with the host, primates in formatting the guidelines adopted by the World Health Organization, faced strong opposition from government officials in countries such as Brazil, giving rise to critical pronouncements by researchers in the biomedical sciences in space offered by important scientific journals. Despite being fruitful and strategic in nature, we feel encouraged to consider the objective limits of such investiture, a direct reflection of the lack of dialogue with the Human Sciences, in the field of politics and, mainly, of urbanism. Taking as a starting point the unfolding of the phenomenon in Brazil, specifically in the metropolis of Fortaleza-Ceará, we will show how the "denial" posture is inserted in a broader context, encompassing both a representative political framework of a federative government and including postures of insurgency of the Local Governments (of the federative states) in relation to the Central Government as social and economic aspects that characterize a westernized country to establish impactful filtering genre in the implementation of policies of ordering and control of the singular space. In these terms, the drastic expansion of Covid-19 in Brazil denotes a paradoxical picture to represent: a political context of resistance by Local Governments to minimize the controversial actions and attitudes of the Central Government, specifically the creation of the Forum of Governors in the Northeast to guarantee incorporation WHO international guidelines; a trajectory of unequal and perverse modernization that corroborates the indication of a high number of cases and, mainly, deaths in precarious urbanization areas of cities such as Fortaleza, establishing the periphery as the territory of death, registered in areas with a high social vulnerability index of negatively impact the effective implementation of the social isolation policy.

IntroductionThe Patient Master Index (PMI) plays an important role in management of patient information and epidemiological research, and the availability of unique patient identifiers improves the accuracy when linking patient records across disparate datasets. In our environment, however, a unique identifier is seldom present in all datasets containing patient information. Quasi identifiers are used to attempt to link patient records but sometimes present higher risk of over-linking. Data quality and completeness thus affect the ability to make correct linkages.
AimThis paper describes the record linkage system that is currently implemented at the Provincial Health Data Centre (PHDC) in the Western Cape, South Africa, and assesses its output to date.
MethodsWe apply a stepwise deterministic record linkage approach to link patient data that are routinely collected from health information systems in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Variables used in the linkage process include South African National Identity number (RSA ID), date of birth, year of birth, month of birth, day of birth, residential address and contact information. Descriptive analyses are used to estimate the level and extent of duplication in the provincial PMI.
ResultsThe percentage of duplicates in the provincial PMI lies between 10% and 20%. Duplicates mainly arise from spelling errors, and surname and first names carry most of the errors, with the first names and surname being different for the same individual in approximately 22% of duplicates. The RSA ID is the variable mostly affected by poor completeness with less than 30% of the records having an RSA ID.
The current linkage algorithm requires refinement as it makes use of algorithms that have been developed and validated on anglicised names which might not work well for local names. Linkage is also affected by data quality-related issues that are associated with the routine nature of the data which often make it difficult to validate and enforce integrity at the point of data capture.