Suchergebnisse

This thesis looks for robustness in climate change mitigation policies assessment and implementation.Exploring the uncertainties surrounding future technologies, fossil fuel resources, policy instruments, consumption preferences, population and economic growth with an Integrated Assessment model, it disentangles the future drivers of future carbon emissions and of mitigation costs. Such methodologies improve the understanding of models, filter out the issues that do not really matter, help policymakers focus on critical factors and develop consensus about where the focus should be. The thesis also proposes to focus on instruments that are robust to political constraints thanks to their lower short-term impacts. Such instruments include performance standards or financial instruments that redirect the bulk of investments towards clean capital without affecting the owners of existing polluting capital. ; Cette thèse s'attache à améliorer la robustesse des techniques d'évaluation des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique, ainsi que la robustesse des instruments implémentés. En explorant des centaines de scénarios qui capturent l'incertitude sur les évolutions technologiques, sociologiques et démographiques futures, ainsi que sur la disponibilité des ressources fossiles et l'implémentation des politiques d'atténuation, elle révèle les déterminants des émissions futures et des couts de l'atténuation. Cette méthodologie permet de filtrer les informations pertinentes pour la décision et de concentrer le débat sur les questions et politiques centrales pour le succès des politiques de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La thèse propose également de focaliser le débat sur des instruments robustes aux contraintes politiques car ayant peu d'impacts négatifs à court-terme. Des politiques permettant de rediriger les investissements vers du capital bas-carbone -- par exemple les normes d'efficacité énergétique ou des instruments financiers -- nous rapprochent des objectifs d'émissions de long-terme sans ...

This thesis looks for robustness in climate change mitigation policies assessment and implementation.Exploring the uncertainties surrounding future technologies, fossil fuel resources, policy instruments, consumption preferences, population and economic growth with an Integrated Assessment model, it disentangles the future drivers of future carbon emissions and of mitigation costs. Such methodologies improve the understanding of models, filter out the issues that do not really matter, help policymakers focus on critical factors and develop consensus about where the focus should be. The thesis also proposes to focus on instruments that are robust to political constraints thanks to their lower short-term impacts. Such instruments include performance standards or financial instruments that redirect the bulk of investments towards clean capital without affecting the owners of existing polluting capital. ; Cette thèse s'attache à améliorer la robustesse des techniques d'évaluation des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique, ainsi que la robustesse des instruments implémentés. En explorant des centaines de scénarios qui capturent l'incertitude sur les évolutions technologiques, sociologiques et démographiques futures, ainsi que sur la disponibilité des ressources fossiles et l'implémentation des politiques d'atténuation, elle révèle les déterminants des émissions futures et des couts de l'atténuation. Cette méthodologie permet de filtrer les informations pertinentes pour la décision et de concentrer le débat sur les questions et politiques centrales pour le succès des politiques de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La thèse propose également de focaliser le débat sur des instruments robustes aux contraintes politiques car ayant peu d'impacts négatifs à court-terme. Des politiques permettant de rediriger les investissements vers du capital bas-carbone -- par exemple les normes d'efficacité énergétique ou des instruments financiers -- nous rapprochent des objectifs d'émissions de long-terme sans affecter les propriétaires du capital polluant déjà installé.

This thesis looks for robustness in climate change mitigation policies assessment and implementation.Exploring the uncertainties surrounding future technologies, fossil fuel resources, policy instruments, consumption preferences, population and economic growth with an Integrated Assessment model, it disentangles the future drivers of future carbon emissions and of mitigation costs. Such methodologies improve the understanding of models, filter out the issues that do not really matter, help policymakers focus on critical factors and develop consensus about where the focus should be. The thesis also proposes to focus on instruments that are robust to political constraints thanks to their lower short-term impacts. Such instruments include performance standards or financial instruments that redirect the bulk of investments towards clean capital without affecting the owners of existing polluting capital. ; Cette thèse s'attache à améliorer la robustesse des techniques d'évaluation des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique, ainsi que la robustesse des instruments implémentés. En explorant des centaines de scénarios qui capturent l'incertitude sur les évolutions technologiques, sociologiques et démographiques futures, ainsi que sur la disponibilité des ressources fossiles et l'implémentation des politiques d'atténuation, elle révèle les déterminants des émissions futures et des couts de l'atténuation. Cette méthodologie permet de filtrer les informations pertinentes pour la décision et de concentrer le débat sur les questions et politiques centrales pour le succès des politiques de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La thèse propose également de focaliser le débat sur des instruments robustes aux contraintes politiques car ayant peu d'impacts négatifs à court-terme. Des politiques permettant de rediriger les investissements vers du capital bas-carbone -- par exemple les normes d'efficacité énergétique ou des instruments financiers -- nous rapprochent des objectifs d'émissions de long-terme sans affecter les propriétaires du capital polluant déjà installé.

This thesis looks for robustness in climate change mitigation policies assessment and implementation.Exploring the uncertainties surrounding future technologies, fossil fuel resources, policy instruments, consumption preferences, population and economic growth with an Integrated Assessment model, it disentangles the future drivers of future carbon emissions and of mitigation costs. Such methodologies improve the understanding of models, filter out the issues that do not really matter, help policymakers focus on critical factors and develop consensus about where the focus should be. The thesis also proposes to focus on instruments that are robust to political constraints thanks to their lower short-term impacts. Such instruments include performance standards or financial instruments that redirect the bulk of investments towards clean capital without affecting the owners of existing polluting capital. ; Cette thèse s'attache à améliorer la robustesse des techniques d'évaluation des politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique, ainsi que la robustesse des instruments implémentés. En explorant des centaines de scénarios qui capturent l'incertitude sur les évolutions technologiques, sociologiques et démographiques futures, ainsi que sur la disponibilité des ressources fossiles et l'implémentation des politiques d'atténuation, elle révèle les déterminants des émissions futures et des couts de l'atténuation. Cette méthodologie permet de filtrer les informations pertinentes pour la décision et de concentrer le débat sur les questions et politiques centrales pour le succès des politiques de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La thèse propose également de focaliser le débat sur des instruments robustes aux contraintes politiques car ayant peu d'impacts négatifs à court-terme. Des politiques permettant de rediriger les investissements vers du capital bas-carbone -- par exemple les normes d'efficacité énergétique ou des instruments financiers -- nous rapprochent des objectifs d'émissions de long-terme sans affecter les propriétaires du capital polluant déjà installé.

In this exploration of the social context of reading and writing in pre-industrial England, David Cressy tackles important questions about the limits of participation in the mainstream of early modern society. To what extent could people at different social levels share in political, religious, literary and cultural life; how vital was the ability to read and write; and how widely distributed were these skills? Using a combination of humanist and social-scientific methods, Dr Cressy provides a detailed reconstruction of the profile of literacy in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, looking forward to the eighteenth century and also making comparisons with other European societies

"There is much excitement about Web 2.0 as an unprecedented, novel, community-building space for experiencing, producing, and consuming leisure, particularly through social network sites. What is needed is a perspective that is invested in neither a utopian or dystopian posture but sees historical continuity to this cyberleisure geography. This book investigates the digital public sphere by drawing parallels to another leisure space that shares its rhetoric of being open, democratic, and free for all: the urban park. It makes the case that the history and politics of public parks as an urban commons provides fresh insight into contemporary debates on corporatization, democratization and privatization of the digital commons. This book takes the reader on a metaphorical journey through multiple forms of public parks such as Protest Parks, Walled Gardens, Corporate Parks, Fantasy Parks, and Global Parks, addressing issues such as virtual activism, online privacy/surveillance, digital labor, branding, and globalization of digital networks. Ranging from the 19th century British factory garden to Tokyo Disneyland, this book offers numerous spatial metaphors to bring to life aspects of new media spaces. Readers looking for an interdisciplinary, historical and spatial approach to staid Web 2.0 discourses will undoubtedly benefit from this text"--

The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching acting skills in children's theatre groups and to determine promising directions for improving the methodology at the current stage, to consider the specifics of the system of artistic and aesthetic education and artistic and creative activities of theatre groups for children. The research methodology consists in the application of a typological method aimed to identify and define the features of acting skills in the context of teaching in amateur theatre groups for children; a comparative method to conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to teaching acting skills in theatre groups; evolutionary method for considering the dynamics of the development of the methodology of teaching acting skills in theatre groups for children in the context of the peculiarities of socio-cultural space of the second half of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century; method of systematic analysis and synthesis, due to which the teaching of acting skills in children's theatre groups was considered as part of modern theatre pedagogy. The novelty of the research is in the conducted comprehensive study of the peculiarities of teaching acting skills in children's theatre groups at the current stage. Conclusions. Theatre art, like other forms of art, is a form of social consciousness. Historically, its development is inseparable from the development of society, from culture in general. Currently, there are a large number of theatre communities in Ukraine. These groups are engaged in the artistic and aesthetic education of the younger generation outside the secondary school, such theatre groups are organised in the Houses of children's and youth creativity, youth theatres, Houses of culture, theatre and folklore groups. In Ukraine, modern theatre pedagogy and creative practice are based on stage theory, methods, and artistic techniques developed by leading foreign and domestic theatre actors of the 20th century.
Key words: acting skills, children's theatre groups, child's creative abilities, teaching methods, actor.

In the Russian Federation, family and children are recognized as the highest value of the state and are under its protection. Children are the most important priority of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Demographic problems, including problems of childhood and family, are under the close attention of the President of the Russian Federation. Building a long-term policy of family support, the President of the Russian Federation proceeds from the fact that it is necessary to take into account specific life situations and the difficulties faced by an incomplete family. Children left without parental care have the right to count on state support and financial assistance. Giving priority to family education, if necessary, the State assumes the responsibilities of parents in relation to children left without care. In necessary cases, each State guarantees social security for the upbringing of children, for example, if one of the parents evades his duties for the upbringing and maintenance of his child, does not fulfill his alimony obligations and in other cases established by law. The legislation establishes the legal regime of alimony obligations, as well as legal guarantees of their fulfillment. At the same time, the issues of legislative implementation of the construction of the alimony obligation have not yet lost their relevance, since it has not yet been possible to remove the severity of the problem of avoiding payment of alimony for the maintenance of minor children. The article deals with the problem of the expediency of creating an alimony fund in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of similar experience in solving this problem in foreign countries, the law enforcement practice that previously existed in the USSR, the authors present arguments in favor of the State Alimony Fund. In conclusion, the conclusions and suggestions relevant to the study are given.

The subject is theoretical, methodological, scientific and applied provisions for the formation of a comprehensive system of economic safety of motor transport enterprises. The purpose is a scientific substantiation of theoretical and methodological provisions and the development of practical recommendations for the formation of a comprehensive system of economic safety of motor transport enterprises. Methods of research. In the work the systematic approach, within the framework of which methods are used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of essential characteristics and evolution of the basic concepts of research; analysis and synthesis – to characterize the current trends in the development of motor transport enterprises; modeling theory – to substantiate the sequence of formation of the system of economic safety of motor transport enterprises. Results of the work. In the article the theoretical and methodological, scientific and applied provisions of the formation of a comprehensive system of economic safety of motor transport enterprises has been substantiated that based on both the specifics of economic activity and the conditions for ensuring economic security at Ukrainian enterprises. Application of results. solution the problems of providing safe conditions for the development of motor transport enterprises; the formation of a methodological basis for the training of higher education graduates in the field of knowledge management and administration. Conclusions: 1) It has been that substantiated the conditions of financial and economic activities of motor transport enterprises in Ukraine are characterized by a decrease in traffic volume, increased competition, volatile economic environment, political and social tensions, and turnover of personnel, in particular highly skilled workers; 2) It has been proved that the result of the negative impact of external and internal threats is a reduction in the number of business entities, a reduction in the number of employees, ...

Статья посвящена рассмотрению одного из актуальных и перспективных вопросов - формированию нового, шестого технологического уклада в Украине. В статье проанализированы тенденции шестого технологического уклада, его основы и основные области знаний, на которых базируется уклад. Обзорно рассмотрены основные черты, тренды, риски, перспективы, изменения в обществе, которые сопровождают этот процесс, и, соответственно, его образовательные аспекты. В частности раскрыто общую для разных стран основную проблему, которая заключается в существенной нехватке кадров для ключевых областей знаний, которые формируют научную и технологическую основу нового уклада. В этом же контексте рассмотрено состояние подготовки образовательной отрасли Украины к освоению нового технологического уклада, в частности, установлено, что заложена необходимая законодательная база этого процесса, но выявлен ряд внешних и внутренних факторов, существенно нивелирующих положительные тенденции, и отмечены риски декларативности всего процесса. Предложены направления дальнейших исследований по данной тематике. ; The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the urgent and promising issues - the formation of a new, sixth technological mode in Ukraine. The article analyzes the existing dynamically developing trends of the sixth technological order, its objective foundations, advanced sciences and the main areas of knowledge on which the way is based. It is noted that the main areas of development of basic technologies of the new way are based on the sciences of the natural-mathematical cycle and social sciences, their junction, border areas, cognition. The main features, trends, risks, prospects, changes in society that accompany the processes of formation and implementation of a new technological structure, and, accordingly, its educational aspects, are reviewed. Since the introduction of new technologies is always accompanied by processes of a social and humanitarian nature due to the massive loss of people's work and their retraining, there are objective needs for a new quality of production forces and relations. Therefore, the article discloses a common basic problem for different countries, which is a significant lack of personnel for key areas of knowledge that form the scientific and technological basis of the new structure. In particular, the tendencies of the educational component of the social relations of developed countries are examined, where the education sphere is dynamically reconstructed to the ongoing processes and creates the conditions for satisfying the scientific, industrial and technological personnel needs. In the same context, the state of preparation of the educational sector of Ukraine for the development of a new technological structure is examined, key requirements for qualified workers in the near future are outlined. In particular, it was established that the necessary legislative framework for this process was laid down by the development of a new law on education, a new standard for basic secondary education, but at the same time, a number of external and internal factors were identified (a decrease in the level of public procurement of specialists, insufficient financing of the educational sector, and impaired education by language), which significantly eliminates positive trends, and increases the risks of declarativeness of the entire process of the formation of the sixth technological mode. Based on this, directions for further research on this topic are proposed. ; Стаття присвячена розгляду одного з актуальних і перспективних питань – формуванню нового, шостого технологічного укладу в Україні. У статті проаналізовано тенденції шостого технологічного укладу, його підґрунтя та основні області знань, які лежать в основі укладу. Оглядово розглянуті основні риси, тренди, ризики, перспективи, зміни у суспільстві, які супроводжують цей процес, і, відповідно, його освітні аспекти. Зокрема розкрито спільну для різних держав основну проблему, яка полягає у суттєвій нестачі кадрів для ключових областей знань, які формують наукову та технологічну основу нового укладу. У цьому ж контексті розглянуто стан підготовки освітньої галузі України до освоєння нового технологічного укладу, зокрема, встановлено, що закладене необхідне законодавче підґрунтя цього процесу, але виявлено ряд зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів, що суттєво нівелюють позитивні тенденції, і окреслено ризики декларативності всього процесу. Запропоновано напрями подальших досліджень з даної тематики.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way of delivering social services in primary care settings all over the world. In March 2020 the lockdowns in every European country forced the population to adjust their lives to the new scenario. Welfare states had to quickly respond to the urgent social and economic needs of the citizens. Therefore, social workers were compelled to modify their standard procedures to overcome the difficulties they faced during the first months after lockdown orders were issued due to COVID-19. The present research analyzes the interviews conducted with twelve Spanish social workers to find out their perceptions and concerns about the consequences of that period. Results showed great changes in the way of delivering social services (simplifying procedures and managing an increasing workload), but also demonstrated different strategies that these professionals implemented to prevent burnout or compassion fatigue (team spirit, efforts to develop interinstitutional coordination, support to civil society in non-profit initiatives). Implications in organizational aspects are discussed.

Las redes sociales representan unas importantes herramientas de comunicación que no han pasado desapercibidas por las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Desarrollo (ONGD). Una apropiada gestión, uso y seguimiento de las mismas puede aumentar la visibilidad de estas organizaciones y por lo tanto, mejorar sus resultados. Existen diversos estudios científicos sobre aspectos concretos relacionados con estas herramientas y su aplicación por parte de las ONGDs como pueden ser su utilización o efectividad. Sin embargo, sería apropiado contar con un marco conceptual que explicase cómo considerar a los medios sociales como instrumentos de marketing social. Para ello el presente artículo ofrece una visión sobre los factores que influyen en el uso de las redes sociales como herramientas del Social Marketing, con una base teórica fundamentada en las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por expertos en el tema. Como resultado se muestran diversos modelos que han estudiado tanto el comportamiento en el marketing social como la consideración de factores que influyen en la consecución de un determinado comportamiento en las redes sociales, ofreciendo por lo tanto una visión del uso de los medios sociales desde la perspectiva del marketing social. ; Social networks represent important communication tools that have not gone unnoticed by Development Non- Governmental Organisations (DNGOs). An appropriate management, a use, and the monitoring can increase the visibility of these organisations and therefore improve their results. There are various scientific studies on specific aspects related to these tools and their application by NGDOs such as their use or effectiveness. However, it would be appropriate to have a conceptual framework that explains how to consider social media as instruments of social marketing. To this end, this article offers a vision of the factors that influence the use of social networks as tools of Social Marketing, with a theoretical basis based on research carried out by experts in the field. As a result, various models are shown that have studied both behaviour in social marketing and the consideration of factors that influence the achievement of a certain behaviour in social networks, thus offering a vision of the use of social media from the perspective of social marketing.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- Introduction: A Sailor's Progress? -- Negotiation and Change -- Technology and Contestation -- Patriotism, Citizenship, and Respectability -- Nascent and Fragile Masculinities -- Historicising Masculinities -- Regency Masculinity? Napoleonic War Veterans and Explaining Change in the History of Masculinities -- Choosing Naval Veterans to Explain Change -- The Royal Navy as a Communication Community -- Naval Veterans at Home -- Military Masculinity and Families -- Conclusion -- Part I: Negotiation and Change -- Displaying the Wooden Walls of Old England: The HMS Foudroyant as a Monument to Lost Skills and Manhood, 1892-1897 -- Lighting German Fires -- Nostalgia in the Era of Navalism -- "Our Nelson's Ship" -- Planning for Exhibition -- The Capacity for Heroism -- 'He Was Possessed of the Very First Natural Abilities': American Mariners' Construction of Masculinity on the Far Side of the World -- Gender and Gentility -- Samuel Shaw's Reception -- The Cosmopolitan Gentility of Amasa Delano -- Edmund Fanning, 'd____d Yankee' -- Richard Cleveland's 'Great Civility' -- Conclusion -- 'A Splendid Body of Men': Fishermen as Model Males in Late-Nineteenth-Century British Imagery -- Introduction -- Independence: The Dignified Breadwinner -- Domesticity: Fishermen and the Ties of Home -- 'A Splendid Body of Men': Physique, Costume, Sobriety -- Model Britons: Loyal, Hardy, Bold and Skilful -- Conclusion -- Part II: Technology and Contestation -- 'Our Future Lies Upon the Water': Redemptive Manhood and Maritime Labour Reform in the Wilhelmine Era in Germany -- Popular Depictions of the Seaman: Alienated Rogue or Emblem of Empire? -- Reconnecting the Prodigal Seaman to the Fatherland -- From Stepsons of Society to the Brotherhood of Citizens -- Making 'Real Seamen' for War.