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The article examines the problem of humanitarization of educational activities at the university by means of using mediation for conflict resolution, and the creation of a psychologically comfortable educational environment, ensuring social and emotional security of the individual. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate humanitarian potential of mediation as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon that initiates cooperation of the actors of the educational process to prevent and resolve conflicts in training and professional activity. Such cooperation and interiorization of culture of mediation contribute to the students' personal and professional development. The authors analyze and identify the essential characteristic features of interrelationship of mediation and humanitarization as an integrative phenomenon contributing to the development of university cultural and educational environment. The research outcomes lay the ground for developing a model and describing organizational and pedagogical conditions for humanitarization of the university activity by means of mediation. This article presents a survey analysis carried out among students and teachers of Siberian Federal University. The purpose of the survey is to study the state and identify the prospects of humanitarization, implement the institution of mediation at the university, assess students' and teachers' interest in humanitarization and mediation, and the opportunities of their integration

Southeast Asia has been a hotbed of intractable civil conflicts motivated by several issues such as ethnicity, ideology, and historical injustice, among others. Despite the intractability, there have been instances when third-party assistance through mediation has been vital in achieving peace agreements in the region. Using the cases of the third-party mediation of the conflicts in Aceh, Indonesia and Mindanao, Philippines, this research identified the kinds of mediation and qualities of mediators that led to the achievement of peace agreements in these two cases. This research mainly focused on path dependence, critical junctures, and periodization approaches in the comparative analysis of Aceh and Mindanao third-party mediation through a qualitative examination that involved comparative process tracing (CPT), a two-step methodological approach that combines theory, chronology, and comparison. The results showed that the mediators instrumental to the Aceh and Mindanao peace agreements allayed the commitment issues of the negotiations and ensured the trust and confidence of the conflict parties. Thus, mediators should create relations of trust among parties and a mediation environment where the commitment fears are relieved through the promise of third-party monitoring.

This article describes how laboratory experiments are used by social psychologists & those in related fields to study conflict, negotiation, & mediation. In a laboratory experiment, the researcher experimentally controls one or more variables in controlled, artificial settings that induce processes likely to occur naturally. Laboratory experiments are the primary method used to establish cause-&-effect relationships among variables & to reduce alternative explanations; thus they are primarily concerned with validity of explanation. In this article, we describe several basic design features including conceptual replication, precise manipulation, & the use of a moderator variable, which all help assess the processes underlying a research finding. These design features foster conceptual internal validity, which describes the impact of one variable on another & the quality of such an explanation. Conceptual internal validity provides a basis for generalization of findings & thus new research. It also fosters strong inference, which helps build cumulative knowledge. Laboratory experiments are not well suited to answer all questions & problems -- for example, they may not produce deep understanding of a particular historical event & must be supplemented by other methods, such as surveys & case studies. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

In this Policy Brief, we present lessons learnt and sub-sequent policy implications from an in-depth analysis of the UN peace processes on Afghanistan and Syria. We argue that in both processes, the ability of peace process participants who come from Afghanistan and Syria to politically participate in their respective process was and is severely limited, thus hindering the prospects of successful conflict transformation. By political participation, we mean that peace process participants not only attend negotiations ("are being included") but are in a position to (co-) determine who is negotiating the agreement (incl. which representation mechanism is adequate), what is the format of peace-making (incl. methods of consultation), and what are the issues negotiated in which order (agenda-setting). We call this 'meaningful political participation'. Emphasising "inclusivity" in peace processes over meaningful political participation is highly problematic for potential progress towards longer-term/ sustainable peace. Potential organisers of peace negotiations and related pre- and post-peace agreement measures (whether outside actors or 'indigenous') should strengthen political participation and process legitimacy for representatives from the populations concerned. This would contribute to opening a new pathway towards more sustainable peace processes, also beyond the Syrian and Afghan cases.

Peace and Conflict is a biennial publication that provides key data and documents trends in national and international conflicts ranging from isolated acts of terrorism to internal civil strife to full-fledged inter-country war. A major trend it tracks is the incidence of wars beyond the protracted conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. For 2012, Peace & Conflict focuses on the theme of policy guidance for preventing conflict. It covers special topics with original contributions that focus on mediation, economic recovery, and the impact of elections. Peace and Conflict is a large format reference including numerous graphs, tables, maps, and appendices dedicated to the visual presentation of data. Crisp narratives are highlighted with pull-quote extracts that summarize trends and major findings such as the continuing increase in high casualty terrorist acts and the likelihood of genocide risk in certain areas.

This paper deals with the conceptions of the different school actors about the meaning and the implications of mediation in their schools, drawing on data from a qualitative approach carried out as part of a wider project to map mediation perspectives and practices in Catalonia. The authors analyze the scope of the situations regarded as suitable or unsuitable for the introduction of restorative practices, as well as the resistance to change in the practice of conflict resolutions and in the democratization of school culture. ; Este artículo aborda las concepciones de los diferentes actores escolares sobre el significado y las implicaciones de la mediación en sus escuelas, a partir de los datos de una investigación cualitativa que ha formado parte de un proyecto más amplio sobre las perspectivas y las prácticas de la mediación en Cataluña. Se analiza el alcance de las situaciones susceptibles de aplicación de prácticas restaurativas por parte de profesorado y alumnado, así como las resistencias al cambio en las formas de resolución de conflictos y en la democratización de la cultura escolar.

"In this book, readers will learn how to diffuse conflict by tapping into tools that will help them identify personalized solutions for every problem. Conflict can be destructive. Thousands of years of history have shown that human beings have always struggled to resolve disputes calmly and nonviolently. Now our society has less respect for its institutions and authority figures than ever because most people don't know how to lead out of a conflict stalemate. But, says Hesha Abrams, it doesn't have to be this way. Holding the Calm is the ultimate guide to help mediators of all kinds develop workable, immediate conflict management skills to approach workplace issues, lawsuits, marriage disputes, and everyday arguments. It is chock full of tools and techniques designed to facilitate civilized discussions involving drastically opposing viewpoints. The book's short chapters are written in an easy, accessible format to impart rich skills, anecdotes, and lessons that will arm leaders with the best approaches to conflict. This book teaches readers how to pick the right solution for the right situation-like when to turn lemons into lemonade and when to reach for the tequila and salt. Reading group discussion guide available in book"--

Negotiation & conflict resolution theories do little to shed light on the role of understanding in resolving violent political conflicts. A useful complement is Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics. The question addressed in the essay is this: How is a shared understanding reached in a negotiation process aimed at resolving conflicting issues? In Gadamer's view, understanding is important, because conflict resolution engages the parties to a conflict in a dialogue of interpreting meaning & values. Any mediators involved will also take part in the interpretation of meaning: theirs is a job of a translator; that is, they will interpret & transfer meaning between the language games the parties in conflict play. The Gadamerian model is, however, limited because it does not tackle the issue of asymmetry & power in international conflict resolution. Despite its limitations, the theoretical model can be translated into practical policy implications, which suggest that an outside party cannot force the parties into a dialogue. Attempts at conflict settlement that rely on force are unlikely to be successful. 27 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2005.]

Recent research shows that comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) are effective in ending civil wars and improving post-conflict conditions, but CPAs emerge in only a fraction of civil wars. This study provides systematic evidence about the origins of CPAs and the role of international actors in facilitating their signing. We argue that mediation is more likely to be successful and that CPAs are more likely to emerge in those civil war countries that are members in a higher number of IGOs with high economic leverage. Using their financial and institutional leverage, these IGOs can help the combatants overcome the credible commitment problems associated with entering into mediation, and with making sufficient concessions and compromises to reach and sign a CPA. Analyzing all intrastate armed conflicts from 1989 to 2011, we find that a conflict country's memberships in IGOs with high economic leverage increase the odds of (1) mediation occurring and (2) mediation subsequently leading to the signing of CPAs. This finding is robust to common sources of spurious relationships between international institutions and the behavior of conflict parties. Participating in IGOs with high economic leverage carries important positive consequences for civil war management and enhances the impact of mediation on getting conflict parties to sign CPAs.

"Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen von Konflikten auf die wahrgenommene Stabilität von Partnerschaften. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die vermittelnde Rolle von Paarinteraktion und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit gelegt. Weiterhin werden Wechselwirkungen zwischen Konflikten und Paarinteraktionen und deren Folgen für den Partnerschaftserfolg betrachtet. Die Kernthese lautet dabei, dass Konflikte Partnerschaften weniger stark beeinträchtigen, wenn ausreichend 'positive' bzw. funktionale Paarinteraktion vorhanden ist. Insgesamt zeigen die Befunde in sämtlichen Analysen eine nachteilige direkte Wirkung von Konflikten auf Qualität und Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen, die jedoch zum Teil durch positive Paarkommunikation abgemildert werden kann." (Autorenreferat)

Introduction to The Problem: The authority possessed by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights after the enactment of Permenkumham No. 2 of 2019 this then raises problems both juridical and theoretical. Because it was explored further, no formula was found that regulates the authority of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (in this case the Directorate General of Legislation) to harmonize legislation through mediation, both in Law No. 39 of 2008 concerning the State Ministry and Presidential Regulation No. 44 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. In addition, the mediation mechanism used in resolving the harmonization of laws and regulations is a mistake, because it is not appropriate if the mediation mechanism is applied in the harmonization of laws and regulations that are public (public).Purpose/Objective Study: This paper objects are about the authority of the Minister of Law and Human Rights in the formation of Permenkumham No. 2 of 2019 and whether the Ministry of Law and Human Rights has the authority to mediate the disharmony of laws and regulations; then the next discussion about the mechanism and legal impact arising from the mediation.Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper used qualitative research method with juridical-normative as an analysis approach.Findings: the statutory regulations which are used as a basis to remember in Permenkumham No. 2 of 2019 no explicit delegation was found which ordered the formation of Permenkumham No. 2 of 2019, including the formulation which regulates the authority of the Directorate General of Legislation in completing the disharmony of legislation through mediation. Then in the case of mediation mechanism is a mechanism that is usually applied in cases that are private, where the parties act for and on their own behalf. so it becomes strange if mediation is used in resolving conflicting norms of laws and regulations which norms generally regulate, moreover the results of the mediation do not have binding legal force and do not provide legal impact on the validity of the norms of the agreed laws and regulations.Paper Type: Research Article