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Examines US and UN peacekeeping missions in the post-cold war era, focusing on Iraq, Somalia, and Bosnia; prospects for future military action.

US and Iraqi statements and documents, and texts of UN Resolutions 705, 706, 707, 712, and 715, regarding Iraqi nuclear weapons, the arms embargo, and humanitarian assistance.

DESPITE NEW CHALLENGES AND NEW PROBLEMS, RADICAL REASSESSMENT AND REVISION ARE NOT NEEDED, ALTHOUGH THERE ARE IMPORTANT AREAS WHERE NEW MEASURES OR NEW EMPHASIS ARE REQUIRED. THEY CAN BEST BE ANALYZED IN THE LIGHT OF NATO'S OBJECT - DEFENSIVE, DETERRENCE, SOLIDARITY AND DETENTEAND THE DIMENSIONS OF SOVIET MILITARY POWER.

Available online: https://ledroitouvrier.cgt.fr/Se-reformer-pour-mieux-s-adapter-Le-droit-du-travail-espagnol-face-a-la-crise in what it claimed to be a reaction to the economic crisis, the Spanish legislator has profoundly changed labour law. Law 35/2010 of 17 September 2010 on urgent measures for the reform of the labour market, which constitutes a major milestone in the ongoing social reforms, has thus been marked by the need to: "The economic crisis has shown that [our] economic and social model, which has led to the rapid destruction of 100 thousand jobs, is no longer sustainable". This law essentially incorporates, but with some amendments, a decree-law of 16 June, 20104. The measures adopted, which were presented as essential to the recovery of the "labour market", have a profound and lasting impact on labour law. The assertion that the reform of Spanish labour law is necessitated by the economic crisis is constantly questioning. Clarifying this link is not easy. The Spanish law of 17 September 2010, which is clearly presented as a response to the ongoing economic crisis, illustrates this ambiguity: it is very innovative in some aspects and is also a continuation of developments well before the current economic difficulties. ; International audience ; Available online: https://ledroitouvrier.cgt.fr/Se-reformer-pour-mieux-s-adapter-Le-droit-du-travail-espagnol-face-a-la-crise in what it claimed to be a reaction to the economic crisis, the Spanish legislator has profoundly changed labour law. Law 35/2010 of 17 September 2010 on urgent measures for the reform of the labour market, which constitutes a major milestone in the ongoing social reforms, has thus been marked by the need to: "The economic crisis has shown that [our] economic and social model, which has led to the rapid destruction of 100 thousand jobs, is no longer sustainable". This law essentially incorporates, but with some amendments, a decree-law of 16 June, 20104. The measures adopted, which were presented as essential to the recovery of the ...

This book critically analyses the role of the United Arab Emirates Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in the Suspicious Activities Reports regime. The author pays particular attention to its functions and powers in dealing with Suspicious Activities Reports and relevant requirements imposed upon the reporting entities. In the analysis, the author also compares the United Arab Emirates FIU model to the United Kingdom FIU model. In addition, the book investigates whether the current United Arab Emirates FIU model complies with the relevant international recommendations developed by the Financial Action Task Force in relation to the establishment of the unit, as well as its powers and functions. This book suggests that more can be done to improve the current functions and powers of the United Arab Emirates FIU in an international context. Furthermore, the author suggests that the functions and powers of the United FIU model both comply with the international requirements and beneficially extend beyond their directives.

The fifteenth anniversary of the inclusion of Polish agriculture in the CAP mechanisms prompts one to make summaries and comparisons and formulate evaluations of the development of the science of agricultural law in the European context. The deliberations presented in the article are an attempt to formulate a few valid reflections, focusing on the comparison of the EU agricultural acquis, the general (theoretical) agricultural (national) law issues, traditional agricultural law issues, agri-food and agri-environmental law and rural development. As it is demonstrated in the article, the distance between the Polish science of agricultural law and Western European science has significantly narrowed. The issues undertaken by Polish agricultural lawyers fall within the scope of interest of their Western European counterparts. It may therefore be said that Polish agricultural lawyers are increasingly frequently becoming partners in research conducted by foreign scholars, and the use of their research and organisational potential may also be useful on an international forum. ; Il quindicesimo anniversario dall'inclusione dell'agricoltura polacca nei meccanismi della PAC incoraggia a sintetizzare e valutare lo sviluppo della scienza del diritto agrario nel contesto europeo. Nelle considerazioni svolte si tenta quindi di formulare alcune fondamentali riflessioni, nonché mettere a confronto i contributi nei seguenti campi: il diritto agrario dell'UE, le questioni generali (teoriche) del diritto agrario (nazionale), le questioni tradizionali del diritto agrario, diritto agroalimentare e agroambientale, e quello riguardantelo sviluppo rurale. In conclusione, l'autore afferma che le distanze tra la scienza polacca del diritto agrarioe quella dell'Europa occidentale si sono notevolmente ridotte. I problemi sollevati dagli agraristi polacchi si collocano nell'area di interesse degli agraristi dell'Europa occidentale. Pertanto, si può affermare che i primi stanno, sempre di più, diventando partner nelle ricerche condotte dai secondi, inoltre le loro capacità di ricerca, come anche quelle organizzative, possono tornare utili persino in un forum internazionale. ; Piętnasta rocznica objęcia polskiego rolnictwa mechanizmami WPR skłania do podsumowania i oceny rozwoju nauki prawa rolnego w kontekście europejskim. Rozważania stanowią próbę sformułowania kilku zasadniczych refleksji, koncentrując się na porównaniu dorobku w zakresie unijnego prawa rolnego, zagadnień ogólnych (teoretycznych) prawa rolnego (krajowego), tradycyjnych zagadnień tego prawa, prawa rolno-żywnościowego i rolno-środowiskowego oraz dotyczącego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, że dystans dzielący polską naukę prawa rolnego od nauki zachodnioeuropejskiej uległ znacznemu zmniejszeniu. Problemy podejmowane przez polskich agrarystów mieszczą się w kręgu zainteresowań agrarystów zachodnioeuropejskich. Można więc powiedzieć, że polscy agraryści w coraz większym stopniu stają się partnerami w badaniach prowadzonych przez agrarystów zagranicznych, a wykorzystanie ich możliwości badawczych i organizacyjnych może być użyteczne także na forum międzynarodowym.

Of all the various programs and policies formulated in an attempt to find a quick route to modernization, none has been as detrimental to the development process in Africa as technology transfer from developed countries. The process of technology transfer was facilitated by the international intellectual property system which enabled owners of intellectual goods in developed countries to control access by developing countries to technology while also exacting from these countries huge transaction costs and licensing fees. African countries, as other developing countries, participated in the international intellectual property system in part because indigenous innovation and economic growth were promised fruits of intellectual property protection as evidenced by the experience of the Western Hemisphere. The recognition of intellectual property rights by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights gave legitimacy to the efforts of developed countries and international institutions to encourage developing countries to recognize intellectual property rights and to join the international intellectual property system. However, after more than three decades of experimenting with Western‐styled intellectual property laws and an inordinate emphasis on technology from developed countries as an agent of development, African countries remain mired in the trenches of underdevelopment. This article looks at the failed promise of intellectual property systems in developing countries in general, with Africa as its specific concern. The author argues that the human right to intellectual property must be understood in context with the right to development and self‐determination. Such an approach would delegitimize the myth of a universally valid intellectual property system and protect the right of developing countries to establish intellectual property regimes that reflect their unique socioeconomic and cultural norms and that are consistent with development objectives. Nevertheless, the author insists that nothing short of a comprehensive economic and social reform package nurtured and implemented in a politically stable environment under the rule of law will release Africa's potential for development.