Suchergebnisse

The EUI-YouGov dataset on European solidarity is built on a large survey designed by the EUI 'Solidarity in Europe' research team and implemented by YouGov. The data aims to empirically assess public opinion on the willingness to redistribute resources within the EU and to examine political attitudes that might explain these preferences. The survey design covers a number of issues, particularly concerning attitudes towards European solidarity; support for cross-border solidarity and policy preferences concerning the COVID-19 crisis; satisfaction and trust in national and European institutions; attitudes towards European integration, identity, value of democracy, world politics, security and defence, Russia, NATO and a European army; preferences concerning taxes and policy priorities; the relative salience of different issues and threats facing individuals, countries and the EU; political ideology, religion and voting preferences; as well as other individual attributes such as gender, age and occupation. The survey inquired 21.593 adults over 13 EU countries and the United Kingdom, from 12 to 27 April 2021. YouGov implemented the survey online using a randomised panel sampling mechanism to ensure it is nationally representative concerning age, gender, social class, region, level of education, voting preference and level of political interest.

The detection of wild poliovirus in Israeli sewage in May 2013 led the health authorities to decide that children who had been vaccinated with IPV would also be vaccinated with OPV. The decision sought to protect vulnerable Israeli individuals who were either not vaccinated with IPV or who suffered from an immune deficiency, to preserve Israel's status as a polio-free country, to prevent the virus' "exportation" into vulnerable polio-free countries, and to participate in the global efforts toward the eradication of polio. After a massive public persuasion campaign, 79% of the children born after 2004 were vaccinated as well as 69% of the children residing in central Israel. A 2014 State Comptroller Report stated that the Ministry of Health should draw conclusions from the low compliance rates in certain Israeli regions. The article seeks to examine the legal legitimacy of mandatory vaccination in the service of eradicating a contagious disease (as opposed to preventing a pandemic outbreak), which was one of the objectives in the 2013 Polio case. It more specifically relates to current Israeli law as well as to a hypothetical new public health law which would authorize health officials to oblige vaccination and enforce this through the use of criminal sanctions. Qualitative content analysis through the interpretation of court judgements, laws, legislative protocols, health ministry guidelines and documented discussions of the Advisory Committee on Infectious Diseases and Immunization. A mandatory vaccination backed by criminal sanctions in the service of the eradication of contagious diseases would probably be perceived as infringing on the constitutional right to autonomy to a greater extent than necessary according to Israeli law and case law precedents. There may be some added value inherent in a new public health law which would authorize health officials to oblige vaccination where nonrestrictive measures have been ineffective. However, the law should also specify a variety of sanctions to accompany the enforcement of mandatory vaccinations which would be formulated from least to most restrictive according to the "intervention ladder" concept. The law should also describe the circumstances which would justify the implementation of each and every sanction as well as the procedural safeguards designed for established decisions and fairness toward the individual(s) whose rights are infringed by the application of these sanctions.

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate if, and in that case, how and what the e‐government field can learn from user participation concepts and theories in general information systems (IS) research. It aims to contribute with further understanding of the importance of citizen participation and involvement within the e‐government research body of knowledge and when developing public e‐services in practice.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis in the paper is made from a comparative, qualitative case study of two e‐government projects. Three analysis themes are induced from the literature review; practice of participation, incentives for participation, and organization of participation. These themes are guiding the comparative analysis of our data with a concurrent openness to interpretations from the field.FindingsThe main results in this paper are that the e‐government field can get inspiration and learn from methods and approaches in traditional IS projects concerning user participation, but in e‐government, methods are also needed to handle the challenges that arise when designing public e‐services for large, heterogeneous user groups. Citizen engagement cannot be seen as a separate challenge in e‐government, but rather as an integrated part of the process of organizing, managing, and performing e‐government projects. Analysis themes of participation generated from literature; practice, incentives and organization can be used in order to highlight, analyze, and discuss main issues regarding the challenges of citizen participation within e‐government. This is an important implication based on this paper that contributes both to theory on and practice of e‐government.Practical implicationsLessons to learn from this paper concern that many e‐government projects have a public e‐service as one outcome and an internal e‐administration system as another outcome. A dominating internal, agency perspective in such projects might imply that citizens as the user group of the e‐service are only seen as passive receivers of the outcome – not as active participants in the development. By applying the analysis themes, proposed in this paper, citizens as active participants can be thoroughly discussed when initiating (or evaluating) an e‐government project.Originality/valueThe paper addresses challenges regarding citizen participation in e‐government development projects. User participation is well researched within the IS discipline, but the e‐government setting implies new challenges that are not explored enough.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables, Figures, and Appendices -- I Trends and Challenges -- Introduction -- 1. International Constraints on Green Strategies: Ontario's WTO Defeat and Public Sector Remedies -- 2. Unions and Climate Change in Europe: The Contrasting Experience of Germany and the United Kingdom -- 3. Gendered Emissions: Counting Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gender and Why It Matters -- 4. Canadian Labour's Climate Dilemma -- 5. Renewable Energy Development as Industrial Strategy: The Case of Ontario's Green Energy and Green Economy Act -- II Making Green Work -- 6. (Re)building Sustainable Infrastructure: The Implications for Engineers -- 7. Construction and Climate Change: Overcoming Roadblocks to Achieving Green Workforce Competencies -- 8. Labour and the Greening of Hospitality: Raising Standards or Union Greenwashing? -- 9. Cities, Climate Change, and the Green Economy -- 10. Renewable Energy, Sustainable Jobs: The Case of the Kingston, Ontario, Region -- About the Contributors -- Index

Policy is often made based on historical understandings of particular events, and the story of the "Tuskegee" study has, arguably more than any other medical research experiment, shaped policy surrounding human subjects. The forty-year study of "untreated syphilis in the male Negro" sparked outrage in 1972 after it became widely known, and it inspired the political push for requirements for informed consent, the protection of vulnerable subjects, and oversight by institutional review boards. Historians of the study have spent decades now trying to correct the misunderstandings in the public and the academy, and to make the facts as knowable as possible. The story is horrific enough, it is argued, without perpetuating misunderstanding over what really did happen and how many knew about it. Adapted from the source document.

Regulation and Economic Analysis: A Critique Over Two Centuries argues that long experience with the practice of regulation creates a broad anti-intervention consensus among economists. This consensus is based on comparison of real intervention to real markets rather than an ideological preconception. It is shown that economic theory can support all possible positions on intervention. Much theory is too abstract to support any policy position; many arguments about how intervention might help contain qualifications expressing doubts about whether the potential can be realized; many theories illustrate the drawbacks of intervention. The vast literature on these issues concentrates either on specific cases or polemics that exaggerate both sides of the argument. Regulation and Economic Analysis seeks to show the depth of the discontent, develop interpretations of economic theory that follow from skepticism about statism and provide selected illustrations. The discussion begins with examination of general equilibrium theory and proceeds to discuss market failure with stress on monopoly and particularly what is deemed excessive concern with predatory behavior. International trade issues, transaction costs, property rights, economic theories of government, the role of special institutions such as contracts, the defects of macroeconomic and equity arguments for regulating individual markets, environmental economics and the defects of public land management policies are examined

Examines the AIDS/HIV crisis in Africa from a development perspective, focusing on the biological, social, behavioral, & economic factors driving the epidemic & the policy responses to it from various actors. It is concluded that Africa is the world region least able to cope with this epidemic, & the one that will be most devastated by its outcomes; specific social, economic, demographic, & international relations impacts are assessed, drawing on current & projected statistical data from international organizations. 3 Tables. K. Hyatt Stewart

This studi aimed to find out and describe the implementation of village budget allocationpolicy in Malala village, Dondo district, Tolitoli regency and several aspects than influenced its implementation. This study was carried out in Malala village, Dondo district, Tolitoli regency. The informants with 9 people were selected by using purpossive sampling technique, adopted from the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn. This was descriptive qualitative research method. Technique of data collection dealt with observation, interview and documentation. The research result showed that the implementation of the policy has not portrayed the ideal condition related to performance policy and the public expectation with several regulations to organize its implementation. Based on the policy implementation model of Van Meter and Van Horn as the grand theory to analyze problem, the research result can be concluded that there were some aspects that influenced the implementation based on the fact in the filed, namely : 1). standard and aim of the policy have not been done properly and achieved well; 2). human resources still need to be organize and improved;3). the characteristics of organization executors have not seemingly understood the main job and function; 4). the attitudes of the activity executors have not been paid attention toward if they found problems in the field; 5). Communication among related organization has not been effective and the socialization intensity has not been done from government of the regency to villagers as the targeted groups; and 6). related to the aspects of social, economic, and politic environment, the social and economic aspects of public still dominate and influence the condition of public life that becomes the target of the policy.

Reports, summarizes and analyzes information from the National Conference on Preventing and Intervening in Violence Against Children and Adults with Disabilities, held May 6-7, 2002, and provides an independent review of the clinical and research literature. ; Executive Summary -- Chapter One: Introduction to Violence and Disabilty -- Chapter Two: Violence in America--A Review of Historical and Contemporary Factors -- Chapter Three: What is the Scope and Magnitude of the Problem? -- Chapter Four: What are the Ways People with Disabilities and their Families Cope with Violence? -- Chapter Five: What Steps Should be Taken to Prevent and Intervene in Violence against Children and Adults with Disabilities? -- Chapter Six: Who is Responsible for Ending Crimes of Violence Against Children and Adults with Disabilities? -- Appendix A: Conference Sponsors -- Appendix B: List of Conferees -- Appendix C: Conference Planning Committee -- Appendix D: Conference Program Outline / Assignments -- -- Appendix E: Conference Definitions . -- -- Appendix F: Commissioned Papers and Contributive Bibliography -- Violence Against Children with Disabilities: Prevention, Public Policy, and Research Implications -- Interventional Approaches for Children with Disabilities who are Victims of Violence -- Violence Against Women with Disabilities -- Intervention Approaches for Adults with Disabilities Who Become Victims of Violence -- Contributive Bibliography -- -- Appendix G: Remarks By Invited Speakers . -- Victims of Crime with Disabilities: The Criminal Justice System and Victim Assistance Response -- Violence Prevention: the CDC Role -- Preventing and Intervening in Violence against Children and Adults with Disabilities: The Role of NIDRR OSEP's Involvement in Issues Related to Violence Against Children with Disabilities Violence Against Persons with Disabilities: Who Are the Most Vulnerable? ; Dorothy K. Marge, editor. ; Includes executive summary. ; Sponsored by the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Disability and Health Program, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services and other agencies and organizations. ; Also available via Internet from the Suny Upstate Medical University, Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation web site in PDF and text versions. ; Includes bibliographical references.

With its public debt amounting to 132.1% of GDP and its negative productivity growth over the last twentyyears, Italy appears to be the sick man of the European Union. In this Policy brief, we focus on its two mainplights: high public debt burden on the one hand, sluggish GDP and productivity growth on the other hand.Both issues are intimately related: a slow growth limits the budgetary margins and casts doubts on publicdebt sustainability; the reduced fiscal space in turn weighs on growth and public investment.The first part is dedicated to describing the history and causes of Italian public debt. A first phase, from the1960s to the 1980s, was characterized by a positive but moderate growth of debt. A second phase saw theexplosion of public debt, from 54% of GDP in 1980 to roughly 117% in 1994. The budget law of theAmato's government in 1992 initiated a third phase, marked by a significant fiscal consolidation effort, andthe decrease of the public debt to GDP ratio. The Great Recession interrupted this consolidation era and alast phase began from 2008 on, when the public debt-to-GDP ratio consequently increased. In the secondpart, we review some of the structural weaknesses of the Italian economy. We notably emphasize thespecialization bias towards low tech sectors, the "nanism" of Italian firms, the misallocation of talents andresources, the North-South divide and its related labor market consequences.We conclude with four policy recommendations for a revival of growth in Italy. Our first proposal istechnical and proposes a new European fiscal golden rule which would remove specific public investmentsfrom the computation of structural primary balance. Our second and third proposals are related to theregulation of the labor market, with the introduction of a minimum wage on the one hand, and thefacilitation of retraining policies on the other hand. Last, we call for a revival of industrial policies in order tofoster knowledge accumulation and firm learning. Our view is that Italy's fate is inextricably related toEurope's and that Italy needs more rather than less Europe.

With its public debt amounting to 132.1% of GDP and its negative productivity growth over the last twentyyears, Italy appears to be the sick man of the European Union. In this Policy brief, we focus on its two mainplights: high public debt burden on the one hand, sluggish GDP and productivity growth on the other hand.Both issues are intimately related: a slow growth limits the budgetary margins and casts doubts on publicdebt sustainability; the reduced fiscal space in turn weighs on growth and public investment.The first part is dedicated to describing the history and causes of Italian public debt. A first phase, from the1960s to the 1980s, was characterized by a positive but moderate growth of debt. A second phase saw theexplosion of public debt, from 54% of GDP in 1980 to roughly 117% in 1994. The budget law of theAmato's government in 1992 initiated a third phase, marked by a significant fiscal consolidation effort, andthe decrease of the public debt to GDP ratio. The Great Recession interrupted this consolidation era and alast phase began from 2008 on, when the public debt-to-GDP ratio consequently increased. In the secondpart, we review some of the structural weaknesses of the Italian economy. We notably emphasize thespecialization bias towards low tech sectors, the "nanism" of Italian firms, the misallocation of talents andresources, the North-South divide and its related labor market consequences.We conclude with four policy recommendations for a revival of growth in Italy. Our first proposal istechnical and proposes a new European fiscal golden rule which would remove specific public investmentsfrom the computation of structural primary balance. Our second and third proposals are related to theregulation of the labor market, with the introduction of a minimum wage on the one hand, and thefacilitation of retraining policies on the other hand. Last, we call for a revival of industrial policies in order tofoster knowledge accumulation and firm learning. Our view is that Italy's fate is inextricably related ...