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AbstractWhat is the impact on symbolic representation of female leaders who are seen as failures? Do women from political dynasties elicit symbolic representation? I answer these questions by analyzing how Park Geun-hye's election as the first woman president of South Korea and her subsequent impeachment shaped voters' perceptions of women's potential and contribution as political leaders. Utilizing an original survey and focus groups, I argue that South Korean voters overall did not recognize Park's election as the country's first female president as a symbol of women's political empowerment because of her dynastic background and her failure to promote women-friendly policies. Although she received credit for being the historic first, women across the political spectrum were concerned that the epic failure of the first female president would reinforce voters' reluctance to vote for women. This study emphasizes the importance of adopting an intersectional approach in studying symbolic representation.

Tsai Ing-wen was elected as the first woman president of Taiwan in 2016 and re-elected in 2020. Did the prospect of "the first woman president" shape the expectations of the changes she may bring about regarding women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) rights? Analyzing 35 in-depth elite interviews, this paper demonstrates Tsai's campaign did not benefit much from "the first woman" slogan, her cabinet included fewer women than her predecessors', and she could not proactively push for marriage equality after the elections. Tsai's case illuminates the constraints women leaders face in promoting representation for marginalized groups.

AbstractI examine how different employment contracts moderate the impact of welfare chauvinist preferences on radical right support. Welfare chauvinism has become a cornerstone of radical right's nativist electoral programme. Yet, there are mixed findings on how welfare chauvinist preferences affect radical right support. While some studies find a positive association, others find little correlation. One reason for such ambiguity is: voters who support welfare chauvinism may prioritise other competing issue preferences. They may thus vote for other parties, even if such parties do not offer welfare chauvinist programmes. From this perspective, the crucial question is: under what conditions do voters who support welfare chauvinism prefer the radical right? Among other reasons, I argue that they may do so when they experience economic risk from insecure employment contracts. Differences in employment protection legislation strictness for different employment contracts yield differences in employment security for these different contracts. Using cross-national data from the European Social Survey (Rounds 1 and 7), I find that employed workers, who support welfare chauvinism and have temporary contracts, vote most for radical right parties. I regard this finding as evidence that voters supporting welfare chauvinism prefer radical right parties under conditions of employment insecurity.

The demand for therapeutic services and effective counseling interventions aimed at rehabilitating veterans has increased exponentially over the past thirty years. Veterans with PTSD symptoms experience several problems including, relationship issues, lower life satisfaction, suicidal ideation, isolation, and comorbid diagnoses. Current research on veterans diagnosed with PTSD suggests integrating wellness and strength-based approaches aimed at developing positive psychology characteristics into clinical services for veterans. Gratitude is a core construct in positive psychology and has been practiced in cultures all over the world. Gratitude journal interventions have been proven to increase well-being, positive affect, social relationships, optimism, life satisfaction, and lower negative affect and depressive symptoms. However, the literature on gratitude journal interventions provides inconsistent research designs conducted on limited populations. This study addressed the gap in literature on positive psychology gratitude journaling and its applications in assisting the numerous veterans in need of effective therapeutic services. Using a quasi-experimental two-period crossover design the study posed the following question: Does a positive psychology gratitude journal intervention improve veterans' psychological well-being, gratitude, and PTSD symptoms over time? Findings suggested that a gratitude journal intervention improved veterans' gratitude over time, and time of the gratitude exercise had positive effects on psychological well-being.