Suchergebnisse

The problem of proverty and energy crisis has created the withdrawl oil energy subsidies policy, and resulted the unintended policy impact, such as the deterioration of economic life of the people, the destruction of public investment climate and demoralitation. Nowadays the government has issued the bio energy alternatives policy. The question is, how the seriousity of the government to implement this policy? How far the proffesionality of the policy actors, all are depend on most of the policy system.

Presents a research agenda for assessing the implementation of the right to health of Indigenous populations & considers the possible relevance of international human rights law to the development of domestic law & policy on Indigenous health. At issue is shedding light on the processes of & factors underlying the implementation of the right to health of Indigenous peoples in industrialized countries so as to improve their health status. References. Adapted from the source document.

The article analyzes the problems of charity development in the world and in Russia over the past 25 years. The research reveals the issues of citizens' involvement in various forms of philanthropy and the specifi cs of national policy in this area. The author of the article examines the dynamics of increasing public confidence in NPOs and various charitable organizations, as well as identifi es new methods and means of providing support and donations to organizations in need. The author also analyzes the statistical database for the specifi ed time period.

The objective of this article is to determine the prevalence of bullying present in public educational institutions in Bucaramanga - Colombia through a cross- cutting quantitative research and a non- experimental design. The sample consisted of 1776 students ( 48.9 % female and 50.5 % male ) belonging to grades 4 to 11th . The study was conducted in three phases: characterization of public educational institutions Bucaramanga ; random selection of school groups on which the information was collected ; data collection and analysis . The results show a 8.1% prevalence of victimization in the case of bullying committed personally and 5% to bullying conducted through virtual means. ; El objetivo del artículo es determinar la prevalencia del hostigamiento escolar presente en las instituciones educativas públicas de Bucaramanga-Colombia mediante una investigación transversal de corte cuantitativo y un diseño no esperimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1776 estudiantes (48,9% mujeres y 50,5% hombres) pertenecientes a los grados de 4° a 11°. El estudio se desarrolló en tres fases: caracterización de las instituciones educativas públicas de Bucaramanga; selección aleatoria de los grupos escolares sobre los que se recolectó la información; recolección y análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de victimización 8,1% para el caso del hostigamiento escolar perpetrado de manera personal y del 5% para el hostigamiento escolar realizado a través de medios virtuales.

Regulatory impact assessment is a tool used by governments to support evidence-based and coordinated policy making. This paper contributes to the debate on regulatory impact assessment in developing countries by addressing the lack of a systematic account of reforms, and the lack of a comprehensive explanatory account of reform outcomes. The study first maps developing countries' regulatory impact assessment reforms between 2001 and 2016. In total, 60 reforms are identified. Reform design is analyzed by measuring adherence to six internationally recognized "good practices." The study then assesses whether the reforms -- two years or more after they were launched -- led to functioning regulatory impact assessment systems. Of the 60 reforms, 20 led to functional systems within two years of the conclusion of the reform. Three reforms were too recent to be assessed. The study shows that adherence to good practices is a necessary but not sufficient condition for early success. Among the six good practices, two are shown to be particularly decisive for the success of regulatory impact assessment reforms, namely, formal integration of regulatory impact assessment in policy making and the presence of a regulatory oversight unit. The second part of the study analyzes regulatory impact assessment reforms that did not produce early success despite adhering to good practices. The study tests several hypothetical reasons for slow developments. It points to the importance of donor flexibility and patience and the need for building reform constituencies inside and outside government. The traditional orthodoxy of regulatory impact assessment reforms as an extension of red tape reduction is challenged. The paper finally presents several possible policy implications of the findings.

This thesis explores how the climate change-forest policy intersection is constituted in different contexts. Bringing together discourse analysis, feminist political theory and Governmentality studies, the thesis employs a critical governance approach and thus sheds light on indirect and subtle forms of governing. Embedded in the intergovernmental context of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Swedish national forest policy context, the analytical focus is on problematisations of climate change and forests, on (gendered) identity formations and how these overlap and differ in the two contexts. The thesis confirms how climate change entails a narrow conception of forests as carbon sinks, and demonstrates an ongoing categorisation of forests and forestry based on spatial locations that imply conservation of tropical forests, and intensive management of forests in countries like Sweden. In both contexts there is a rural-urban dichotomy that entails an implied difference between distant and immediate forest dependence that approaches a civilised/uncivilised differentiation. The associated steering techniques entail a focus on activating individuals such as female forest owners, on enabling poor forest dependent communities, or establishing global forest carbon trading, which distorts the contestable role of forests in climate change strategies. In the Swedish context, the analysis further demonstrates how climate change has become a forest production issue, how forests are abstracted from local contexts and an important part of the formation of a Swedish national identity. The image of consensus around Swedish forestry distorts domestic conflicts around forests. Finally, by drawing on feminist political theory this thesis bring attention to gendering practices in Swedish forest policy, and reveals deep rooted values in Swedish forest governance that continue to favor intensive forest production and economic revenues above publically defined goals connected to social and environmental concerns.

"In government administration and leadership, rural community leaders face unique challenges in delivering public services including (but not limited to) education, health care, and public safety. Meanwhile residents who live in smaller and more isolated rural settings often face greater difficulties accessing provisions and services or commuting to work, among other economic development challenges. These factors may affect a community's resiliency to and recovery from shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Local Government Administration in Small Town America devotes some overdue scholarly attention to the governance and administration of public programs in small towns and rural communities in the United States. The chapter contributors to this volume analyze some of the unique challenges rural communities face, as well as the policy tools that their governments employ to address them. The book explores ways that small town governments collaborate with one another, the state, and the federal government, and examines how local government officials use knowledge of people and place to improve policy performance. The chapters are designed to provide cases and strategies for students and practitioners in public administration to use in a small town environment, while also considering a community's distinctive social and political culture which determines how local political leaders and government practitioners might respond to demands and challenges they face. Local Government Administration in Small Town America is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students studying local government, as well as for rural practitioners navigating evolving challenges unique to their communities"--

Decentralization reform has been analyzed in the context of its impact on democratic transformation and consolidation of society, nationwide and local identity, strengthening the statehood and cohesion of the country, enhancing the capacity of communities and the administrative effectiveness of local governments. Recommendations for further formation of capable and responsible local self-government, streamlining of the administrative-territorial system, improvement of the system of organization of government and public administration, ensuring of territorial consolidation through effective deepening of the decentralization of power reform are substantiated. The effectiveness of state regulation of regional development and regional governance depends significantly on the interaction between central state executive bodies, local (at the level of regions), state executive bodies and regional self-government bodies, as well as on the optimal organization of power directly at the level of sub-national regions of primary division. It is emphasized that the most significant result of fiscal decentralization is the increase in the share of local taxes and fees in local budget revenues. It is emphasized that decentralization is one of the most «human-centered» reforms implemented in Ukraine. Decentralization of power as a component of state policy on regional development is one of the defining agenda of reforms in Ukraine. It has created the groundwork for rooting institutional change, for improving the quality of life of citizens, and for the continuation of sectoral reforms. Thanks to the creation of a new system of distribution of powers between central and local authorities in Ukraine, a new system of relations between different branches of power and a new balance of checks and balances are in fact being formed today. It is argued that the strategic goals of managing territorial communities should be based on the achievement of self-development, self-sufficiency and self-employment through the use of the community's internal potential, which will result in self-sufficiency in all spheres of its life. It is concluded that the priority of the Ukrainian government's activity in shaping state regional policy is the creation of constructive equal dialogue between central, regional and local authorities, as well as local self-government bodies. ; У статті проаналізовано реформу децентралізації у контексті її впливу на демократичну трансформацію й консолідацію суспільства, а також на національну та місцеву ідентичність, зміцнення державності і згуртованості в країні, посилення потенціалу громад й адміністративної ефективності місцевих органів влади. Даються рекомендації щодо подальшого формування дієздатного та відповідального місцевого самоврядування, впорядкування адміністративно-територіального устрою, вдосконалення організаційної системи управління й державного управління, створення територіальної консолідації шляхом ефективного поглиблення децентралізації владної реформи. Наголошено, що найважливішим результатом бюджетної децентралізації є збільшення частки місцевих податків і зборів у доходах місцевих бюджетів. Підкреслюється, що децентралізація - це одна з «орієнтованих на людину» реформ в Україні. Стверджується, що стратегічні цілі управління об'єднаними територіальними громадами повинні базуватися на досягненні саморозвитку, самозабезпеченості та самозайнятості шляхом використання внутрішнього потенціалу громади, що призведе до самодостатності у всіх сферах їхнього життя. Зроблено висновки, що пріоритетом роботи українського уряду щодо формування державної регіональної політики є створення конструктивного, рівноправного діалогу між центральною, регіональною та місцевою владою та органами місцевого самоврядування.

Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- Jahrestagung 1990 -- Erster Beratungsgegenstand: Der Verfassungsstaat als Glied einer europäischen Gemeinschaft -- Zweiter Beratungsgegenstand: Verwaltungsrecht als Vorgabe für Zivil- und Strafrecht -- Verzeichnis der Redner -- Verzeichnis der Mitglieder der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer -- Satzung der Vereingung

Während Hitler und seine Architekten die Umgestaltung Münchens zur monumentalen "Hauptstadt der Bewegung" planten, herrschte in der Stadt schwere Wohnungsnot. Die Abkehr von der öffentlichen Subventionierung des Mietwohnungsbaus und die Konzentration auf das Siedlungswesen hatten schon in den ersten Jahren der NS-Herrschaft unzureichende Bauleistungen zur Folge. Im Krieg kam der zivile Wohnungsbau vollends zum Erliegen. Die Reaktion der nationalsozialistischen Stadtverwaltung auf die Wohnungsproblematik war nicht nur für München von Bedeutung, da Oberbürgermeister Fiehler als Vorsitzender des Deutschen Gemeindetages und Leiter des Hauptamtes für Kommunalpolitik der NSDAP zugleich überregionalen Einfluß ausübte. Die am Beispiel Münchens geschilderten Programme zum Bau von "Kleinsiedlungen" oder "Volkswohnungen" konnten den Mangel nicht beheben. Daher suchte die kommunale Wohnungspolitik nach Ausweichstrategien. Zu ihnen gehörte seit dem Pogrom vom November 1938 auch die "Arisierung" des Wohnraums. Aus der Presse: "Insgesamt gesehen liegt die Stärke dieser Studie in der soliden, gründlichen Aufarbeitung der Münchener Wohnungsbaupolitik, die die Autorin auch gut darzustellen vermag." Adelheid von Saldern, in: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 2001, Heft 3.

Objective An individual's personal experiences and perception of the collective experience are often linked to political attitudes, especially those concerning the national economy. In this article, we examine whether personal concern about terrorism and perceptions of public concern about terrorism affect attitudes about counterterrorism policies. In addition, we evaluate which factor is the strongest predictor across several counterterrorism policies. Method We analyze individual-level survey data collected during the fall of 2001. Results Our results indicate that perceptions of public concerns are the strongest and most consistent predictor of policy attitudes about terrorism. Conclusion The implications for theory about perceptions of public opinion and the competing role of personal interest and sociotropic concern are discussed. Adapted from the source document.