Suchergebnisse

Pemilihan Kepala Desa merupakan salah satu bentuk demokrasi di sebuah Pemerintahan tingkat Desa. Demokrasi dalam konteks Pemilihan Kepala Desa dapat dipahami sebagai pengakuan keanekaragaman serta sikap politik partisipasif dari masyarakat dalam bingkai demokratisasi pada tingkat desa. Dalam masa transisi menuju demokrasi seperti yang terjadi di Indonesia saat ini salah satunya di Kabupaten Bojonegoro, penyalahgunanaan wewenang yang di lakukan oleh pejabat atau lembaga perwakilan rakyat masih banyak terjadi. Mekanisme demokrasi dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa masih jauh dari sempurna dan belum menjamin terbentuknya pemerintahan yang bersih dan berwibawa. Padahal tindakan seperti ini tidak dibenarkan dalam Undang – Undang yang berlaku di Indonesia. Karena pada dasarnya tindakan tersebut termasuk dalam kategori praktik politik uang. Pelanggaran money politics diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 2012, mengatur larangan melakukan politik uang terutama pada pasal 86 ayat (1) huruf J. Berbunyi: pelaksana, peserta, dan petugas kampanye pemilu dilarang menjanjikan atau memberikan uang atau materi lainnya, kepada peserta kampanye pemilu. Larangan tersebut diikuti dengan ancaman pidana pada pasal 301 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 2012, yang menyatakan setiap pelaksana kampanye pemilu yang dengan sengaja menjanjikan atau memberikan uang atau materi lainnya sebagai imbalan kepada peserta kampanye pemilu, secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 89, dipidana penjara paling lama 2 tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp 24 juta. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa praktik politik uang dan penegakan hukum dalam proses Pemilihan Kepala Desa yang terjadi di Bojonegoro kususnya di Desa Tlogorejo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris yang berlokasi di Desa Tlogorejo.

Prospect theory (PT) is the dominant descriptive theory of decision making under risk today. For the modeling of choices, PT relies on a psychologically founded separation of risk attitudes into attitudes towards outcomes, captured in a value function; and attitudes towards probabilities, captured in a probability weighting function. However, while it is theoretically sound, it is unclear whether this clear separation is reflected in actual choices. To test this, we designed two experiments. In the first experiment, we elicit the value and probability weighting functions both under known and unknown probabilities. The results support PT and show that the value function is unaffected by the nature of the probabilities, which only affects probability weighting. More in general, this finding supports theories that represent ambiguity attitudes through probability transformations rather than utility transformations. In the second experiment, we examine the effects of an increase in stakes on risk attitudes. We find that the stake increase is not reflected in the value function, but rather in the weighting function, thus contradicting PT's prediction. (author's abstract)

"The story of billionaire trader Steven Cohen, the rise and fall of his hedge fund SAC Capital, and the largest insider trading investigation in history--for readers of The Big Short, Den of Thieves, and Dark Money Steven A. Cohen changed Wall Street. He and his fellow pioneers of the hedge fund industry didn't lay railroads, build factories, or invent new technologies. Rather, they made their billions through speculation, by placing bets in the market that turned out to be right more often than wrong--and for this, they gained not only extreme personal wealth but formidable influence throughout society. Hedge funds now oversee more than $3 trillion in assets, and the competition between them is so fierce that traders will do whatever they can to get an edge. Cohen was one of the industry's biggest success stories, the person everyone else in the business wanted to be. Born into a middle-class family on Long Island, he longed from an early age to be a star on Wall Street. He mastered poker in high school, went off to Wharton, and in 1992 launched the hedge fund SAC Capital, which he built into a $15 billion empire, almost entirely on the basis of his wizardlike stock trading. He cultivated an air of mystery, reclusiveness, and excess, building a 35,000-square-foot mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut, flying to work by helicopter, and amassing one of the largest private art collections in the world. On Wall Street, Cohen was revered as a genius: one of the greatest traders who ever lived. That image was shattered when SAC Capital became the target of a sprawling, seven-year investigation, led by a determined group of FBI agents, prosecutors, and SEC enforcement attorneys. Labeled by prosecutors as a "magnet for market cheaters" whose culture encouraged the relentless pursuit of "edge"--and even "black edge," which is inside information--SAC Capital was ultimately indicted and pleaded guilty to charges of securities and wire fraud in connection with a vast insider trading scheme, even as Cohen himself was never charged. Black Edge offers a revelatory look at the gray zone in which so much of Wall Street functions. It's a riveting, true-life legal thriller that takes readers inside the government's pursuit of Cohen and his employees, and raises urgent and troubling questions about the power and wealth of those who sit at the pinnacle of modern Wall Street. Advance praise for Black Edge "A tour de force of groundbreaking reporting and brilliant storytelli ...

Rudolph Agricola: Six Lives and Erasmus's Testimonies The Frisian humanist Rudolph Agricola (1443-1485) is rightly famous for single-handedly bringing the Italian Renaissance to the North. Owing to his fascinating personality and many talents, he attracted the love and admiration of his contemporaries and the following generations. As a result, six biographies on Agricola have been preserved. The authors of these lives drew their materials from different sources and wrote their texts independently from each other. Differing vastly in rhetorical aims and methods, they provide us with a vivid image of cultural and intellectual life in the 15th century. Erasmus praised Agricola's work throughout his writings. No less than fifty testimonies from Erasmus and his correspondents are presented here.
This edition of sources supplements the volume of Agricola's letters (BLN, 2002) and is preceded by an expert survey of all biographical information now at our disposal. Thus it fills a gap in our knowledge of a great man of letters, while correcting a number of persistent misconceptions (concerning the year of Agricola's birth, for instance).

Abstract
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf outlined an alternative to the current monetary system in which banks are replaced by a peer-to-peer system to issue and transfer digital money: the Bitcoin. While Bitcoin has attracted a substantial investment volume, the system has not achieved the status of a viable alternative monetary system. However, the distributed ledger technology (DLT) underlying the payment system is being applied successfully by financial institutions and is likely to have important implications for the future of money and banking. In this paper we therefore focus on the most advanced distributed ledger application in the financial industry: R3 Corda. This paper is structured as follows. In the first section, we relate the debate about systems of money creation to the rise of Bitcoin. Next, the development of R3 Corda is discussed and the lessons learned for monetary reform. We conclude with an assessment of the scope and likelihood of monetary reform as a consequence of DLT applications by central banks.

The European Union (EU) still has an outstanding problem with money laundering despite six revisions of its legal framework. The 2018 Danske Bank scandal exposed regulatory failures that allowed a large amount of euro to enter the internal market from dubious origins. This is why EU finance ministers are expected to ask the EU against money laundering and urge the bloc to set the rules and close the door to illicit money. Department of International Security and Defence. Institute for International Relations ; La Unión Europea (UE) sigue teniendo un problema pendiente con el lavado de activos a pesar de seis revisiones de su marco legal. El escándalo del Danske Bank de 2018 expuso las fallas regulatorias que permitieron que una suma cuantiosa de euros ingresase al mercado interno desde orígenes dudosos. Es por esto que se espera que los ministros de finanzas de la UE soliciten a la UE contra el lavado de activos e insten al bloque a establecer las reglas y cerrar la puerta al dinero ilícito. Departamento de Seguridad Internacional y Defensa. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of in-flight service quality on value for money for business passengers in airlines. In this study, in-flight service quality included four dimensions—seat comfort, staff service, food and beverages, and in-flight entertainment—while value for money was used as a dichotomous variable. In the study, 1096 business passenger reviews were employed through secondary data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the variables and finally the success of classification was tested by the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve. As a result, the findings indicate that the proposed logit model sufficiently explains the relationship between in-flight service quality and value for money in business passengers. Moreover, the study provides a deep understanding of how passengers perceive in-flight service quality in business class. The study also reveals that seat comfort has the highest impact on value for money.

AbstractThis paper examines whether money and credit data releases by the European Central Bank (ECB) have provided markets with additional clues about the future course of its monetary policy. It conducts a novel econometric approach, as suggested by El‐Shagi and Jung (Eur J Polit Econ 39:222–234, 2015), based on a combination of an Ordered Probit model explaining future policy rate changes (sample 2000–2014) and the Vuong test for model selection. Overall, our empirical results support the view that information contained in money and credit aggregates is used by markets when assessing forthcoming interest changes of the ECB.

The era of globalization influences the development of the world economy and one of them is the existence of many forms of business associations, in this case called corporations. Corporations are organized groups and/or assets, whether they are legal entities or non-legal entities. Corporations are often used as a place or business turnover for the proceeds of crime which is called money laundering. Crimes that are often committed by corporations are crimes related to money laundering. To prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering, corporations must register their beneficial owners. A beneficial owner is an individual who can appoint or dismiss directors, commissioners, administrators, managers or supervisors of a corporation, has the ability to control the Corporation, is entitled to and/or receive benefits from the Corporation either directly or indirectly, is the actual owner of the funds or shares of the Corporation and/or fulfill the criteria as intended in the Presidential Regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical, which is research using statutory regulations as study material. The data collection technique used by researchers in this research is a library study technique where data is obtained from scientific writings and research in articles and other journals. In order to prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering, Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering was issued, as well as Presidential Decree Number 13 of 2018 concerning the Application of the Principle of Recognizing the Benefits of Corporations in the Context of Preventing and Eradicating the Crime of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing Crime. When establishing a corporation, the beneficial owners of the corporation must be registered. The hope of this regulation is to prevent and eradicate criminal acts of money laundering carried out by corporations under the pretext or business reasons of corporate businesses.

"This paper analyses how the so-called metallist theory of money gave way to functionalism in early modernity. Theoretical metallism held that something, in order to perform the role of money, must bear some intrinsic value. Functionalism, on the contrary, endorsed a social ontology of money claiming that anything could perform that role as long as it was accepted as a means of payment. The paper argues that the early modern discovery of the so-called quantity theory of money played a key role in this transition, since this was the idea to question the inherent valueproofness of commodity money for the first time in history. According to our claim, commodity money was gradually replaced by fiat currencies after the former was no longer was regarded as more valueproof than the latter, and this theoretical struggle is clearly documented by Hume's and Smith's respective remarks on the subject. Keywords: quantity theory of money, theoretical metallism, theoretical functionalism, Luis de Molina, John Locke, John Law, David Hume, Adam Smith "

The article deals with the episodes in the three-century confrontation between the account-debt institutional and the commodity theory of money. The former is rarely discussed; and the ideas of G. Ingham can be considered as a such modern episode. The commodity theory of money continues to dominate in university textbooks. The article analyzes the fate of two books by J. M. Keynes and J. Schumpeter as an example. It shows the connection of the two theories of money with two opposite methodological approaches, namely, a priori-abstract, based on assumptions, and historical-experimental, based on facts. The first of these was clearly identified by J. S. Mill at the beginning of the institutionalization of the academic/university economist profession and continues to dominate this profession to this day. The second was developed in the German historico-ethical school headed by G. Schmoller and in the community of American original institutionalism, the most consistent representatives of which were J. Commons and his students.