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Abstract.  The history of Chinese intellectual thought shows a constant and continuous probing into the chiasmatic encounters between tian (heaven or nature) and ren (humankind). This is conducive, in turn, to a core conception of tian ren heyi (heaven‐and‐human oneness) that largely embodies the general ethos or Geist of Chinese philosophy. Owing to its functional indication and dynamic character, the polysemy of the conception is apt to be extended along with the passage of time and according to the current situation or sociocultural context. At the present day, there is a tendency to rediscover the relevance of "heaven‐and‐human oneness" by reading new and even modern messages into the old conception. This has become an open‐ended activity, inviting and involving a second reflection, transcultural exposition, and even creative transformation due to its hidden universality for the common good. This chapter attempts to look into the essential bearings of this "heaven‐and‐human oneness" concept employed as a Dao (Tao or Way) to deal with the interaction between nature and humanity. It also explores the complex history of the concept, with a particular reference to Li Zehou's recent reinterpretation as well as my own personal understanding. Some contemporary pragmatic implications of the concept are also examined with particular reference to eco‐environmental concerns.

This paper explores the nature of process in the cultivation of morality and character during the time of Confucius. The research denotes particular attention to the concept of the character of a gentleman, a phrase which is referenced throughout Confucius' Analects. The argument is made that the phrase 'gentleman,' does not inherently designate characteristics which are gender specific, but in actuality characteristics which are gender neutral and can be attributable to both sexes. Furthermore, it is illustrated through Confucius' and Mencius' writings (Mencius was a Chinese philosopher and student of Confucian philosophy, who lived during the 4th century) that the attainment of the status of gentleman was one which was meritocratic and based upon continual self-cultivation and transformation of character. This was a dualistic process involving the recognition of one's fallible nature and the consequent need for self-examination and self-correction. According to Confucian philosophy, a significant aspect of the cultivation of one's character was to be found through the individual's development of interpersonal relationships. Consequently, these interactions with others were to be viewed as a vehicle for altruism and not as a means for satisfying one's own needs. It was believed that by this dualistic process that one could, ultimately, evoke the most impact for good upon one's surrounding world and the government of the state.

China's development over the centuries has purposely diverged from that of the West in term of language, philosophy, and history, and for many decades its nationalism created a form of isolation. In order to maintain its influence the Chinese Communist Party has created the myth that, without the Party, China could not have returned to the world stage and that, without the Party, the 'territorial integrity' of the country cannot be restored.0But what does this 'restored' China look like? To answer, Henk Schulte Nordholt examines how Bejing's regional policy is causing structural tensions between China and most of the countries located in East and Southeast Asia, and also, indirectly, their ally the United States.0In 'China and the Barbarians', Nordholt offers his analysis of the possible trajectory of China's internal political and cultural developments in the coming years

List of Contributors -- Solidarity: Unity or Diversity? / Roger Scruton -- Chapter 1. Solidarity Beyond Europe? / Steinar Stjernø -- Chapter 2. Justice as Solidarity: Between Statism and Cosmopolitanism / Sebastiano Maffettone -- Chapter 3. Moral Imagination and the Art of Solidarity / Anna Abram -- Chapter 4. Human Solidarity in Need and Fulfilment: A Vision of Political Friendship / Patrick Riordan -- Chapter 5. What Are They Doing Here? - Jews in the Global Apartment House / Jerome Gellman -- Chapter 6. Muslim Ethics in an Era of Globalism: Reconciliation in an Age of Empire / Ebrahim Moosa -- Chapter 7. Morality and Social Solidarity from the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy / Yang Guorong --Chapter 8. Is Universal Solidarity Possible? / Gerald J. Beyer -- Chapter 9. Towards a Global Ethics of Non-violence / Charles P. Webel and Sofia Khaydari -- Chapter 10. Global Justice, Value Pluralism and Narrative Solidarity / Janusz Salamon --Index.

AbstractThis study examines the effect of Confucianism, an influential cultural belief and ethical philosophy in East Asia, on employee treatment policies within Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2020. Our key finding is that Confucianism is positively associated with employee‐friendly practices. We further identify three plausible economic channels through which Confucianism shapes employee‐friendly treatment: valuing human‐centric ethics, mitigating managerial myopia, and alleviating agency conflicts. Cross‐sectionally, the documented impact is more prominent for firms operating with weaker union power and those with executives lacking overseas experience. Additionally, employee‐friendly firms exhibit higher employee efficiency, innovation output, and firm value, indicating that investing in employee benefits ultimately translates into better financial performance. Collectively, we shed light on the unique role of cultural norms in fostering employee treatment policies and their consequential effects on organizational value.

Every culture is self-centred and distinguishes itself from others which are inadvertently positioned off-centre. Thus ancient Greece called the non-Greeks barbarians, and the ancient Chinese called their own country the Celestial Empire and considered those who did not practise their culture as barbaric. In the modern age, Europe distinguished itself from the non-West principally by two features: Christianity and capitalism. Generally, it is considered that Christianity produced capitalism (Max Weber), so that the former can really be considered the foundation of Western Culture. In my paper, I demonstrate that Christianity is used to measure and construct non-European peoples and cultures within the western perception of the philosophy of history. Christianity is given supreme value, and related religions are considered to be corrupted in varying degrees, with non-theistic cultures bringing up the very rear.

Thirty years ago contemporary China studies in Scandinavia was largely an unknown phenomenon. Most sinologists worked on aspects of traditional sinology such as historical phonology, classical religion, philosophy and linguistics, and contemporary studies were seen as a rather shallow preoccupation which could be left safely in the hands of journalists and diplomats. However, as the public interest in contemporary China studies in Scandinavia grew and as development economists, political scientists and sociologists began to encroach on the China field, it increasingly became difficult to limit Chinese studies to classical pursuits. Today the contemporary China field in Scandinavia has grown strong and active and consists of approximately 90 active scholars. In most Scandinavian institutes classical studies occupy a dominant position in terms of faculty staff, but new positions are increasingly established within the contemporary field, where one also finds the majority of new Ph.D. projects.

Deterring a Chinese invasion of Taiwan without recklessly threatening a great-power war is both possible and necessary through a tailored deterrence package that goes beyond either fighting over Taiwan or abandoning it. This article joins cutting-edge understandings of deterrence with empirical evidence of Chinese strategic thinking and culture to build such a strategy.

This book presents an in-depth study on and summary of the current practice and theories for the construction of eco-cities in China in the context of the country's rapid urbanization. It argues that by 2020, 60% of China's population will live in cities. And the evolution from 'green cities' to 'eco- cities', and subsequently to 'smart cities' is crucial to China's sustainable development.The book presents a feasible and objective quantitative evaluation system for the sustainable and healthy development of eco-cities. It summarizes the Chinese experience in building eco- cities as the coordinated development of economy, society, resources and environment, with the goal being 'to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable'. This is essential to achieving a number of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, the book defines the current stage of development Chinese cities have reached in terms of ecological construction, and offers guidance on selecting suitable urban ecological construction modes and improvement approaches. It provides a valuable reference source and guidebook for research on and the practice of eco-city construction. Accordingly, it will help other countries around the world, especially the developing countries, to benefit from China's successful experience. Liu Juke: male, professor, editor-in-chief of Green Book of Eco-cities, vice-president of Gansu Institute for Urban Development, vice-president Lanzhou City University, president of Gansu Society for Urban Studies and member of National Guiding Committee for Self-study Higher Education Examination, an expert receiving special allowance form the State Council.Sun Weiping: male, Ph. D., research fellow, doctoral supervisor, editor-in-chief of Green Book of Eco-cities, director of CASS Research Center for Social Development, deputy director of CASS Institute of philosophy, vice-president of the Society of Chinese Dialectical Materialism and of the Society of Chinese Modern Culture.Hu Wenzhen: male, Ph. D., research fellow, editor-in-chief of Green Book of Eco-cities, vice director of CASS Research Center for Social Development and of the Research Center for Cultural Policy of CASS.

This thesis is about understanding the dynamics involved in the socialisation of international human rights norms. It examines the process within an analytical framework of transnational advocacy networks, the spiral model, in the context of China's modernisation. Existing literature points to China's economic power and potential political influence on the international arena and the Chinese state's authoritarian regime domestically in explaining the limited achievements transnational advocacy networks have had in inducing human rights changes in China. This thesis responds with a novel perspective constructed in three steps by examining: 1) the relationship between China's identity and political legitimacy since the beginning of China's modernisation in the 1840s; 2) how China's modernisation drive impacts the development of its domestic civil society; 3) the potential of human rights INGOs in inducing human rights changes with case studies of the Dui Hua Foundation and the Rights Practice. It is found that under this novel perspective, the Chinese state's authority has been limited by rising social problems, which threaten the state's political legitimacy to rule. Chinese civil society actors play an important role in producing solutions to these social problems, convincing the state to further relax its control. Human rights INGOs contribute to this relationship through strengthening Chinese civil society actors' capacity in solving social problems and monitoring official institutions, while also informing government officials about reforms that could make domestic practices more compatible to international human rights norms. In this vein, despite the fact that international human rights norms have been altered by China's power, they remain influential on China's behaviour by the careful alignment of the human rights work of transnational advocacy networks to suit China's interest to political legitimacy. This thesis confirms and strengthens the spiral model as a framework to understand the socialisation of international human rights norms. This thesis contributes to understanding the power of international human rights norms, i.e. the extent to which they influence the behaviour and practices of states, as well as the role of transnational advocacy networks in situations where human rights violations persist. ; published_or_final_version ; Modern Languages and Cultures ; Master ; Master of Philosophy

With China join into the WTO for over 10 years, increasing number of foreign investors, including foreign invested construction companies, show their interests in the Chinese market. Due to the cultural differences between foreign and local companies, the foreign investors will face many challenges when entering into Chinese market. These challenges may lead to difficulties not only in establishing relationships with government, customers, and suppliers but also in managing local employees. Employees' job satisfaction is proven to be an important predictor to organizational performance. With more and more Chinese people working in foreign invested construction companies, it is not clear whether they feel live up to their expectations. Limited literature is found about people's job satisfaction in foreign invested construction companies. There is a research gap as the factors affecting Chinese employees' job satisfaction in foreign invested construction companies are not examined. Based on literature review and exploration, 9 hypotheses are proposed for this research. The first hypothesis is to evaluate people's overall job satisfaction in foreign invested construction companies. The remaining 8 hypotheses are used to investigate the specific factors affecting job satisfaction. A quantitative approach is adopted and a questionnaire survey is conducted for data collection. Data in both local and foreign invested construction companies are collected for comparison purpose. Afterwards, three experienced managers are interviewed to seek their opinions on the findings. Multiple regression analysis is applied for hypotheses testing. The data analysis results confirm the first hypothesis that employees working in foreign invested construction companies have a lower job satisfaction compared to employees working in local construction companies. The results also show that performance appraisal system, monthly income, feel of responsibility and career prospect are significant factors affecting people's job satisfaction in foreign invested construction companies. This study portrays a whole picture of employees' job satisfaction in foreign invested construction companies and several significant predictors are identified. According to the findings, suggestions and implications are provided to managers in foreign construction companies to enhance their employee's job satisfaction. ; published_or_final_version ; Real Estate and Construction ; Master ; Master of Philosophy

Copyright law can either promote or restrict free speech: while copyright preserves economic incentives to create and publish new expression, it also fences off expression from public use. For this reason, the effect of copyright law on speech in a given country depends on the particular manner in which it is understood, legislated, and enforced. This Article argues that copyright law in the People's Republic of China (PRC) serves as a tool for speech suppression and censorship. Whereas China has engaged in official censorship for thousands of years, there has historically been little appreciation for proprietary rights in art and literature. Just as China's early twentieth century attempts to recognize copyright overlapped with strict publication controls, the PRC's modern copyright regime embodies the view that copyright is a mechanism for policing speech and media. The decade-long debate that preceded the PRC's first copyright statute was shaped by misunderstanding, politics, ideology, and historical forces. Scholars and lawmakers widely advocated that Chinese copyright law discriminate based on media content and carefully circumscribe authors' rights. These concerns, intensified by the Tiananmen Square crackdown, bore directly on the content of China's 1990 Copyright Law. While the Copyright Law has evolved over the past two decades (especially in response to the advent of digital technology), a censorship-oriented philosophy has continued to inform its content and interpretation. China's conflation of copyright protection and speech control is especially egregious at the enforcement stage: government "anti-piracy" efforts double as censorship campaigns, and copyright enforcement is often subjugated to the objectives of China's media control bureaucracy. This unhappy reality highlights the need for the United States to revise its approach to Chinese intellectual property reform. Although the U.S. has both pushed for stronger copyright protection in China and criticized PRC censorship practices, it has largely ignored the impact of Chinese copyright law on free speech. U.S. political interests and Chinese society would be better served by a more holistic policy.

Cross-Currents of Social Theorizing of Contemporary Taiwan: An Introduction and an Invitation -- Part I. Cross-Currents of Social Theorizing of Contemporary Taiwan: Classical Roots and Contemporary Reconstructions -- Chapter 1. A Scientific Interpretation of Confucian Theorizing on Self-cultivation -- Chapter 2. From Self to Self Nature: Buddhist Self-Enlightenment Theory -- Chapter 3. Wisdom Consultation: Application of Yang-ming's Nousology in Indigenous Psychological Consultation -- Chapter 4. Constructing the Theoretical Basis of Chinese Indigenous Social Science -- Part II. Social Theorizing in Contemporary Taiwan: Glimpses from Some Contemporary Movements and Socio-Cultural Initiatives -- Chapter 5. The Social Transformation from Labor Movement to Political Movement - The Praxis of Committee for Action of Labor Legislation and People's Democratic Political Movement -- Chapter 6. Another World is Possible: Abandoning the Hegemony of Global Capitalism in The Sunflower Movement in Taiwan -- Chapter 7. Culture, Land Reclamation Movement and Property Relations: Reflections on the Language of Property in Indigenous Mapping Projects in Truku Society, Taiwan -- Chapter 8. Countering Prejudices with Uncanny Strangeness: Taiwanese Children's Books about Southeast Asian Marriage Immigrants in Taiwan -- Chapter 9. Gastronomic Fusion and Flexible Culinary Citizenship of Southeast Asian Female Migrants in Taiwan's Public TV Programs -- Part Three: Ethics and Other Issues of Cultural Creativity -- Chapter 10: An Inclusive Theory of Ethics Based on Chinese Culture: The Duality Model of Professional Ethics for Helpers -- Chapter 11. Through the Compound Eyes The Ethical Dynamics of Wu Ming-yi's Materialistic Literary Vision in The Man with the Compound Eyes and The Stolen Bicycle -- Chapter 12. Affect and the Virtual: A Deleuzian Reading of a Taiwanese Film: Kano -- Chapter 13: Articulating Ecological Ethics and Politics of Life in Ming-Yi Wu's The Land of Little Rain -- Chapter 14. Breathing Between: Making a Sensory Ethnographic Film on Freediving Spearfishing with the 'Amis in Taiwan' -- Chapter 15. The Life Education of the Protect Life Relief Pictures in the Buddha Museum, Taiwan. -- Chapter 16 The Combat and Compromise in Taiwanese Puppets as a Body without Organ: Samadhi Tang Creative Puppet Troupe as an Example -- Chapter Seventeen: Engaged Buddhism, The Six Pāramitās and Yuanmen's Collective Social-Charity Practices. .

As the first academic monograph that a Chinese scholar discusses the histories of thoughts and ideas related to the development of digital economics, this book aims to make research from the perspective of the history of ideas and discuss the ideas influencing the development of digital economics and the evolution of related theories and thoughts with the methodology of interdisciplinary research. The human society is in the stage of major historic transition and enters the digital world with the main goal of developing the artificial world. In this world, the development of digital economics is significantly characterized by the deep interaction between the real and the virtual worlds, while the key triggering this paradigm reform is the evolution of ideas since the modern times. While involving the field of computer, these thoughts are also related to the fields of philosophy, ethics, communication and economics. Therefore, the results of the research on the history of ideas related to digital economics are required to really understand the depth of this discipline. If computationalism is the most important paradigm evolution of natural science, the most important paradigm evolution of social science is interdisciplinary complex science. In the meantime, this book is the most significant in understanding the nature of paradigm evolution related to the development of digital economics from the perspective of complex science and interdisciplinary systematic researches. Digital economics is in the foundation-laying phase, while this book mainly aims to historically narrate the thoughts of this discipline and hopes that readers can understand the influence of ideas in the old era on shaping the disciplines in the new era while exploring this new discipline. The construction of digital economics is a process of evolution. This book will be helpful to understand the underlying logic of the ideas constructed by the thinkers in different fields.

Abstract: Eastern Learning (Dongxue ), which is an important part of modern new learning, refers to the Western natural science and socio-political thought that was assimilated by Japan from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century. From the end of
Ming Dynasty to the period before and after the revolution of 1911, China's intake of new learning went through four stages. In the first three stages, a large number of Western books translated into Chinese were also introduced into Japan, which became the basic literature and language
medium of Japanese Dutch studies, English Studies and later the whole foreign studies. At the beginning of the 20th century, exiles, students studying in Japan and Japanese teachers introduced Eastern Learning into China, which had a profound impact on China's modernization process.
Eastern Learning is a new learning system with East Asian characteristics constructed by China and Japan in the process of Western Learning (Xixue ) spreading to the East.