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Many terror attacks occur at the beginning of electoral terms. We present a game theoretical model with incomplete information to account for this empirical pattern. Both terrorists and governments can be of weak or strong types. We find that the risk of terror attacks is highest at the beginning of electoral terms, because striking early allows the terrorists to collect valuable information about the government's type, and also because terrorists know that even initially weak governments sometimes retaliate to show toughness closer to an upcoming election. The model's predictions are consistent with anecdotal evidence. Adapted from the source document.

The abuse of nuclear energy for the perpetration of acts of politically motivated violence is a reality of life in the modern, developed, high-tech society. Such misuse of nuclear energy would have disastrous consequences, which makes it a particularly attractive tool for terrorists. More importantly, any mention of terrorists and nuclear energy in a common context creates panic among the general public, which, in fact, is the lever that makes terrorist actions so successful. The paper presents and describes possible models of terrorist operations in which nuclear energy would be abused, which is necessary for devising effective methods of struggle against the possible threat in 21st century. ; Zloupotreba nuklearne energije za izvršenje akata politički motivisanog nasilja predstavlja realnost življenja u današnjem, visokotehnološki razvijenom društvu. Ta zloupotreba imala bi katastrofalne posledice, što je čini posebno primamljivim alatom za teroriste. Što je još važnije, svako pominjanje terorista i nuklearne energije u jednom kontekstu stvara paniku u javnosti, a to je, u stvari, poluga koja teroristička dejstva čini tako uspešnim. U radu su predstavljeni mogući modeli terorističkih dejstava u kojima bi se zloupotrebljavala nuklearna energija u vidu deskripcija potrebnih za iznalaženje efikasnih metoda borbe protiv moguće pošasti 21. veka.

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction. Women, Gender, and Terrorism -- PART ONE. Historical Perspectives on Women and Terrorism -- The Mujahidaat: Tracing the Early Female Warriors of Islam -- The Gendering of Women's Terrorism -- PART TWO. Women, Terrorism, and Contemporary Conflicts -- Zombies versus Black Widows: Women as Propaganda in the Chechen Conflict -- Aatish-e-Chinar: In Kashmir, Where Women Keep Resistance Alive -- The Committed Revolutionary: Reflections on a Conversation with Leila Khaled -- "In the war front we never think that we are women": Women, Gender, and the Liberation Tamil Tigers of Eelam -- PART THREE. Women, Gender, and al-Qaeda -- Al-Qaeda's Use of Female Suicide Bombers in iraq: A Case Study -- The Neo-Orientalist Narratives of Women's Involvement in al-Qaeda -- Blinded by the explosion? Security and Resistance in Muslim Women's Suicide Terrorism -- Conclusion. The Study of Women, Gender, and terrorism -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

In this article, Paul Hoffman, the Chair of the International Executive Committee of Amnesty International, presents Amnesty's view that the way in which the "war on terrorism" has been waged threatens to undermine the international human rights framework so painstakingly built since World War II. Written before the Abu Ghraib revelations became public, the paper argues that abandoning human rights in times of crisis is shortsighted and self-defeating. A "war on terrorism" waged without respect for the rule of law undermines the very values that it presumes to protect. We must restore the balance between liberty and security by reasserting the human rights framework, which provides for legitimate and effective efforts to respond to terrorist attacks.

ÖZ Uluslar arası terörizm, 21. yüzyılda devletlerin karşı karşıya olduğu en ciddi tehdit algılamalarından biri haline geldi. Geride bıraktığımız yüzyılın son çeyreğinde yaşananlar ve özellikle 11 Eylül'le zirveye çıkan terör olayları, terörizmle bilhassa uluslar arası terörizmle mücadelede geleneksel yöntemlerin başarısızlığını bir kez daha ortaya koydu. Bu dönemde uluslar arası terör faaliyetleri hızla artmaya başlayınca, uluslararası toplumda daha etkin bir işbirliği talebi yüksek sesle dile getirilmeye başlandı. Buna ilişkin çalışmalar, başta bölgesel ve uluslararası anlaşmaların imzalanması suretiyle gerek BM ve gerekse bölgesel örgütler nezdinde hızla hayata geçirildi. Terörizm günümüzde yeni dünya düzenine, demokrasiye, evrensel insan haklarına ve ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal gelişmişliklerine karşı ciddi bir tehdit unsuru olarak önümüzde durmakta. Teröristlerin hareket kabiliyetini artıran yeni teknolojik gelişmeler, kitle iletişim araçlarının yaygınlaşması ve devletlerin bu soruna ilişkin uluslar arası ortak bir çözüm geliştirmedeki başarısızlığı gibi etmenler terörizmin önümüzdeki yüzyılda da etkisini hissettireceğini ve uluslar arası toplumun gündeminde önemli bir yer işgal edeceğini açık bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACTInternational terrorism has been one of the most serious threats to the states in the twenty first century. The events that took place in the last quarter of the twenteeth century especially the 9-11 terrorist activities have proved that the traditional suppression methods of terrorism are not successful enaugh to overcome the problem. In this process an effective coordination between national states was demanded more heavily in the international community because of the increased number of terrorist activities. By the way there have been made so many attempts against terrorism by either United Nations or international governmental organizations. Terrorism is a serious threat to the new world order to democrasy to universal human rights and to social and economical developments of states. New technological developments which improve the mobility of terrorists, the diffusion of communication possibilities between terrorist organizaations and the unachievment of a common international response to terrorism at international level prove that terrorism will increase its effect and is going to be on the agenda of the international community in the new century.

What has prompted the new terrorism? Why have these acts often been associated with religious causes, and why are they occurring with such frequency at this moment in history?

This book charts a path through the outpouring of efforts to understand and explain modern terrorism, by asking what makes terrorism different from other forms of political, military action; what makes it effective; and what can be done about it. It unravels complex central questions such as whether terrorists are criminals, whether terrorism is a kind of war, what kind of threat terrorism represents, how far media publicity sustains terrorism, and whether democracy is especially vulnerable to terrorist attack. It examines the historical, ideological, and local roots of terrorist violence, and the success of specific terrorist and anti-terrorist campaigns in the more distant as well as the recent past.