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This article explores the role of religion in the life and creative activity of M. Kostomarov. The author focuses upon the fact that the distinguished writer and the prominent scholar exposed а detailed erudition in the questions of history and philosophy of Christian doctrine. The article presents facts and arguments which show that M. Kostomarov considered the law of God with deep understanding and piety. In his writings M. Kostomarov stressed upon the idea that each Slavic people should endeavor to make «the faith of Christ the basis of their State law». According to his position within the sphere of education, there should be superiority of the spiritual over the ma- terial, the only precondition which could make it possible to achieve this goal was that education should be conducted in the Orthodox-Christian spirit, which has always been the foundation of moral power of the Ukrainian people.The article pays special attention to publications by M. Kostomarov giving historical evidence of religiousness of Ukrainian people as a phenomenon coming out of a deep spiritual culture of this nation. The scientist stressed upon the fact that in the case of the people of Russ «It was Christianity, and only Christianity that gave the true and solid foundation for the further elaboration of civil and political life – principles with-out which, no nation has its history».The article investigates the valuable conclusion to which the famous historian arrives: Ukrainian religious belief is deeply rooted in many factors and circumstances, and that is valuable not «only for ourselves but for other people». In fact, it was a statement of the highest quality of religious background of the whole national culture.As a believer and a convicted defender of the Church M. Kostomarov was convinced that religion – is not only a relationship with God, but also a relationship of person with other persons that is an organic component of Orthodox doctrine of Catholicity(Sobornist). In accordance with orthodox doctrine M. Kostomarov consideres belief and behavior, religion and historicity as closely interrelated. ; Dans l'article le rôle de la religion dans l'activité de la vie et créatrice de N. Kostomarov. Il a attiré l'attention sur le fait que l'éminent écrivain et éminent scientifique sont très bien connaître l'histoire et la philosophie de la doctrine chrétienne, connaissait profondément la loi de Dieu. Dans ses œuvres N. Kostomarov a souligné que chaque peuple slave doivent veiller à « Vera Hristova était la base de la loi de son pays». ; В статье исследовано роль религии в жизни и творческой деятельности Н. Костомарова. Сосредоточено внимание на том, что выдающийся писатель и выдающийся ученый очень хорошо знал историю и философию христианского учения, глубоко знал Закон Божий. У своих работах Н. Костомаров акцентировал, что каждый славянский народ должен заботится, чтоб «вера Христова была основанием закона его государства". ; У статті досліджено роль релігії в житті і творчій діяльності М. Костомарова. Зосереджено увагу на те, що видатний письменник і видатний вчений дуже добре знав історію і філософію християнського вчення, глибоко знав Закон Божий. У своїх роботах М. Костомаров акцентував, що кожен слов'янський народ повинен піклується, щоб «віра Христова була підставою закону його держави".

In modern democracies, local residents' awareness concerning their participation in the decision-making process is becoming increasingly important. The expanding range of instruments provided by existing law enables them to claim their rights not only by means of a system of legal complaints, but to take advantage of the privilege of civil disobedience, and also to become involved in lobbying. This particular aspect of activity has been observed recently, when changes in architectural developments, expansion of motorways, erection of public facilities, and changes of the use of land to serve a different purpose has resulted in the greater public interest sometimes losing priority, at least in the eyes of individual citizens or from the point of view of their interests. Practice is an important factor for citizens to become more and more aware of the opportunities to apply legislative solutions in order to express their approval or disapproval of the changes proposed for a particular location, especially when these concern the immediate neighborhood and are related to residential conditions, development of infrastructure, and investment plans. Experience shows that, as time goes by, we are becoming more involved in the defense of 'local public interest'. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how local communities and individuals take advantage of the privilege of participating in the process of applying legally sanctioned solutions to the establishment of spatial management plans at the district level and what instruments they use most frequently.

Americans weigh in over time -- Weight and physical health -- The influences of mental health and culture on weight and eating disorders -- Diet, nutrition, and weight issues among children and adolescents -- Dietary treatment for overnight and obesity -- Physical activity, drugs, surgery, and other treatments for overweight and obesity -- The economics of overweight and obesity -- Political, legal, and social issues of overweight and obesity -- Diet and weight-loss lore, myths, and controversies -- Preventing overweight and obesity -- Public opinion and action about diet, weight, nutrition, and physical activity.

KEY ISSUESContext: Economic activity was disrupted by political unrest and uncertainty in the run-up to the January 2014 general elections. However, macroeconomic stability was maintained and international reserve buffers have been built up further. As calm returns following the elections and activity normalizes, growth is expected to recover in the second half of fiscal year 2014 (FY14, July 2013?June 2014) and in FY15, supported by domestic demand.Exports, on the other hand, face headwinds as the garment industry adjusts to higher costs from increased minimum wages and stricter labor and saf

In its focus on the relationships between civil society activity across the political spectrum, communications and democratic change, Global Civil Society 2007//8 explores how activists and organisations are exploiting the effects of globalisation to create or expand spaces for debate and discussion, often using new forms of communications, even in closed regimes such as Burma, Iran and China. In addition to a focus on the civil society activity in illiberal regimes, this edition of the Yearbook examines the effectiveness of democracy promotion efforts by donor organisations and NGOs in transi

Whistleblowing by administrative employees in local governments can bring critical knowledge about misconduct and failed policy outcomes and priorities to the attention of politicians. This article examines whether (1) whistleblowing to politicians is considered acceptable among politicians and administrative employees, (2) politicians receive whistleblowing cases and how those who do so handle the case, and (3) contact patterns between politicians and administrative employees influence the whistleblowing activity and the action taken by the politicians to address wrongdoing. The article departs from the theory of pillars of institutions and the tensions between and within institutional pillars to analyse unique data from a survey based on the vignette method and actual whistleblowing among politicians (N = 400) and employees (N = 373) from 20 Norwegian municipalities. The analysis shows that the degree of contact between politicians and administrative employees is correlated with positive perceptions of whistleblowing and constructive handling of wrongdoing reports by the politicians.

This article examines the experience of two transplanted communities of West African Kru migrants. Originally from Liberia, these labor migrants became involved in both internal African migration as well as external migration to Europe. The article distinguishes the cause & mechanism of migration within the broader development of British colonial activity in West Africa. Ethnographic data gathered in Kru diaspora communities in Freetown & Liverpool are drawn on to illustrate this phenomenon. Economic opportunities became the raison d'etre for Kru migration, from short-term transient migration to the permanent establishment of thriving diaspora communities. Sociopolitical & historical conditions provided the broader parameters within which these peoples became scattered across the globe over the last two centuries. The historical & economic connections between the two ports of Liverpool & Freetown, & the role of the Kru in British maritime trade influenced patterns of settlement & the nature of community organization & development. Implications are drawn for diaspora theory. 33 References. Adapted from the source document.

Over the last four years, the eastern Kivu provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have seen the precipitous rise & fall of a lucrative economy based on artisanal mining of tantalum ore. This article details the tantalum commodity chain from its base in the forests & uplands of the Kivus to global markets. Through an exploration of popular rumor about economic activity, it also traces how the war has radically altered conventional Congolese attitudes to the survivalist tradition of "fending for yourself," from perceptions of the heroic to perceptions of criminal domination by "foreigners" & "Congolese traitors." Yet if there is criminal gain from tantalum on the part of Congolese & foreign actors, tantalum mining has also become a critical mode of survival for many at the grassroots level. International action against the "war economy" in the Congo must therefore be careful to punish the real villains. 37 References. Adapted from the source document.

Gangs of shaven-headed youth sporting neo-Nazi insignia & preaching violence against blacks, Jews, & other minorities have become a menacing presence in several US cities. The number of skinhead activists at present is small -- not more than several hundred across the US -- but they are growing, & their glorification of violence & potential for attracting alienated youngsters merit the attention of community leaders as well as law enforcement officials. One of the major attractions of the skinheads for young people is their close association with a type of hard-driving music called "white power" music. The music -- as well as the movement itself -- originated in GB, where skinheads are more numerous & have been linked to neofascist groups. The possible recruitment of skinheads into the neo-Nazi movement is discussed, along with the criminal activity of skinhead gangs. It is urged that these gangs be carefully monitored. Modified AA

Leopold Lenard: A Slovene Polonophile from the early 20th century The article provides some facts about the life, writings and cultural activity of a Slovene Polonophile, Leopold Lenard, at the time of his highest activity, i.e. in the early 20th century. In the context of his extensive amount of work and intense activism, which included political, socio-cultural and religious issues, one subject stands out as his lifelong interest: the "Slavic idea", the idea of cooperation among Slavs, in particular maintaining the closest possible relations with Poles.

В статье рассмотрена деятельность Верховного Совета СССР по преодолению последствий этнополитического кризиса на территории Абхазской АССР. Анализируются положительные и отрицательные аспекты деятельности высшего законодательного органа Советского Союза в попытках ослабить межнациональный конфликт. ; The article analyzes activity of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on overcoming the aftermath of ethnic and political crisis in Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The object of analysis is positive and negative aspects of the activity of the supreme legislative body of the Soviet Union in its attempts to deemphasize the interethnic conflict.

В статье рассматриваются причины снижения профсоюзной активности, специфика деятельности профсоюзов в системе образования, их возможности в управлении. Авторы делают вывод о необходимости переформатирования деятельности профсоюзов, изменения их вектора с социально-политического на управленческий.In this article the reasons for the decline of trade union activity, the specifics of the trade unions' activity in the education system, their abilities in management are examined. Authors made a conclusion about the necessity of reformation in activities of trade unions, of changing their vector from the social and political to the administrative one.

В этой статье мы рассмотрим проблемы изучения терроризма, его гендерный аспект, исследования которых необходимо для понимания личности террористов-женщин и их роль в террористической деятельности. Мы описываем различные аспекты женской террористической деятельности в современных политических процессах. ; In this article we examine the problems of studying terrorism and exactly its gender aspect the researching of which is necessary for the understanding of the personality of terrorists-women and the meaning of their statuses and their roles in terrorist activity. We describe various aspects of female terrorist activity in modern political processes.

У статті йдеться про діяльність Української парламентської репрезентації в польському сеймі й сенаті, проаналізовано історіографію проблеми. Подано характеристику' політичних партій Західної України міжвоєнного періоду, простежено діяльність УПР. ; В статье идет речь о деятельности Украинской парламентской репрезентации в польском сейме и сенате, проанализирована историография проблемы. Подана характеристика политических партий Западной Украины межвоенного периода, прослежена деятельность УПР. ; The article deals with activity of Ukrainian representation in Polish Seim and Senate, historiography of problem is analysed. The description of West Ukraine's political parties in interwar period was given, the activity of UPR was analized.

AbstractSince 2003 and the establishment of Iraq's Kurdish Regional Government, Iran has witnessed a rise in ethnonationalist activity among its Kurdish population. Much of the motivation for this activity stems from the political success of the Kurds in Iraq. The spread of Iranian Kurdish nationalism has also been influenced by globalisation forces, such as global communications technologies, transnational networks, and increased mobility across borders. In this age of globalisation, the Iranian government's ability to rule over the Kurds will continue to erode, unless it caters toward Kurdish demands of minority rights.