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Unrecognized states are places that do not exist in international politics; they are state-like entities that have achieved de facto independence, but have failed to gain widespread international recognition. Since the Cold-War, unrecognized states have been involved in conflicts over sovereign statehood in the Balkans, the former Soviet Union, South Asia, the Horn of Africa, and the South Pacific; some of which elicited major international crises and intervention, including the use of armed force.Yet they remain subject to many myths and simplifications. Drawing on a number of contemporary and historical cases, from Nagorno Karabakh and Somaliland to Taiwan, this timely new book provides a comprehensive analysis of unrecognized states. It examines their origins, the factors that enable them to survive and explores their likely future trajectories. But it is not just a book about unrecognized states; it is a book about sovereignty and statehood; one which does not shy way from addressing crucial issues such as how these anomalies survive in a system of sovereign states and how the context of non-recognition affects their attempts to build effective state-like entities.Ideal for students and scholars of global politics, peace and conflict studies, Unrecognized States offers a much needed and engaging account of the development of unrecognized states in the modern international system.

Based on over a decade of research by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre, this volume analyses the challenges to be met if global extreme poverty is to be eradicated. Building on case studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Uganda, it includes material on poverty dynamics, the inter-generational transmission of poverty, the importance of building assets and reducing vulnerability, the critical nature of conflict as a cause of impoverishment and chronic poverty, and new thinking about the close relationship between social exclusion and adverse incorporation. Current policy does not adequately support pathways out of poverty: neither the positives of getting a good job, or building assets, nor the negatives of preventing setbacks along the way. While social protection is increasingly on the policy agenda by way of preventing extreme setbacks, the pro-poorest economic growth and labour market policies, the rounded approach to providing enough education to poor children, all need much greater policy makers' attention. Policy makers also need to consider the norms which govern social groups and inter-group social relationships which determine how people make use of assets and capabilities, and how to change those norms where they are problematic for socio-economic mobility, or lead to conflict.

Afghanistan : comparative advantage and the opium trade -- Conflict in a sino-foreign joint venture : Chinese perspective -- Conflict in a sino-foreign joint venture : western perspective -- Does having a natural resource endowment equate with economic growth? The problems facing Nigeria in maintaining a stable electricity supply -- Fast retailing's creating shared value (CSV) initiatives -- Global executive gender inequality -- Growing pains at Netflix : the Qwikster issue of 2011 -- How Kraft changed the Oreo and its global marketing strategy for success in China -- Johnson & Johnson and crisis management : comparison of two leaders in two crises -- Market behaviour during the holy month of Ramadan -- The marketing process and urban development in Cairo : identifying and meeting diverse consumer needs -- MGM Marmi : challenging tradition with entrepreneurial leadership and business communication -- New forms of social enterprise in France : a factory for change -- Offshore agricultural production and Saudi Arabia : a pragmatic response to resource endowment or an ethical own goal? -- Opening up the economy to foreign investment : new moves in Syria -- Parmigiano-Reggiano : global recognition of geographical indications -- Photo finished : Eastman Kodak and the digital revolutions -- Reaching global markets : marketing considerations in selling fashion clothing in new markets -- Retailing in Saudi Arabia and the role of market research -- Rossignol : remade in France -- Royal Jordanian Airlines : the effect of monopoly power on the competitive behaviour of a business in the airline industry -- Sino-forest : a sustainable business?.

Intro -- THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF LONG-TERM CHANGES IN AFRICA'S RIFT VALLEY -- THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF LONG-TERM CHANGES IN AFRICA'S RIFT VALLEY -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1 AFRICA'S WESTERN RIFT: AN INTRODUCTION -- AFRICA'S WESTERN RIFT VALLEY -- HISTORY OF ECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH IN THE ALBERTINE RIFT -- LONG TERM CHANGES IN THE ALBERTINE RIFT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE ALBERTINE RIFT -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA -- Climatological Records -- Model Output -- ALBERTINE RIFT REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY -- Model Interpolations -- CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS -- Murchison-Semliki -- Greater Virunga Landscape -- Maiko-Itombwe -- Mahale Corridors -- Albertine Rift Region Climate Projections -- Precipitation -- Cloud Cover -- Temperature -- LONG TERM IMPACTS FOR CONSERVATION -- Addressing Climate Monitoring Needs -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES IN AND AROUND BUDONGO FOREST RESERVE -- INTRODUCTION -- CLIMATIC CHANGES -- VEGETATION CHANGE -- Expansion of Tree Cover -- Effects of Silvicultural Practices on Forest Types -- Monitoring Vegetation Changes Using Permanent Sample Plots -- Biomass -- Exotics -- Determinants of Forest Change -- CHANGES IN TREE PHENOLOGY -- PRIMATE AND UNGULATE POPULATION CHANGES -- LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND CONSERVATION -- Demographic Patterns -- Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflict -- FUTURE THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO THE FOREST -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 LONG TERM CHANGES AT TORO-SEMLIKI WILDLIFE RESERVE -- INTRODUCTION -- SEMLIKI CHIMPANZEE PROJECT -- CLIMATE AND POSSIBLE CHANGE AT TSWR -- LANDCOVER CHANGE IN AND AROUND TSWR -- ANIMAL POPULATIONS -- HABITAT ZONES -- CONFLICTS AND THE HUMAN POPULATION -- Poaching -- CONSERVATION AND THE FUTURE OF TSWR -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Cover -- Contents -- Copyright -- Guest Editor's Note -- History and Nursing Knowledge -- Notes -- Share: Nursing History Review -- Articles -- "Nurses' Training May Be Shifted": The Story of Bellevue and Hunter College, 1942-1969 -- Nursing Education on the National Scene -- Reorganization in Nursing -- Life in New York City -- Phasing Out and Expansion -- A Baccalaureate Degree Sought -- History of Hunter College Department of Nursing -- Hunter Expands into Bellevue's Facilities -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- "Hollywood Nurses" in West Germany: Biographies, Self-Images, and Experiences of Academically Trained Nurses after 1945 -- Founding the Heidelberg Nursing School-American and German Interests -- The Concept of the Heidelberg School of Nursing -- Criticism From the Motherhouse Associations -- Biographies of "Hollywood Nurses" -- Experiences at the Heidelberg School of Nursing -- Conflicts at Work -- Professional Careers After Training in Heidelberg -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Cultures of Control: A Historical Analysis of the Development of Infection Control Nursing in Ireland -- Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method -- Essential Component: Contextual Background -- Places of Collaborative Practice -- Disciplinary Practice and Fear of Contagion -- Disciplinary Practice: Translator and Intermediary -- Disciplinary Practice: Collaborative Practice -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Accounting for the Importanceof Home-Place, Workplace, Landscape, and Identity in Canadian Health Care Services -- Guest Editor's Note -- Notes -- Jurisdictional Boundaries and the Challenges of Providing Health Care in a Northern Landscape -- Jurisdictional Conflict -- Nurses and Jurisdiction Issues: Taking Matters into Their Own Hands -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes.

From the American and British counter-insurgency in Iraq to the bombing of Dresden and the Amristar Massacre in India, civilians are often abused and killed when they are caught in the cross-fire of wars and other conflicts. In Democracy's Blameless Leaders, Neil Mitchell examines how leaders in democracies manage the blame for the abuse and the killing of civilians, arguing that politicians are likely to react in a self-interested and opportunistic way and seek to deny and evade accountability. Using empirical evidence from well-known cases of abuse and atrocity committed by the security forces of established, liberal democracies, Mitchell shows that self-interested political leaders will attempt to evade accountability for abuse and atrocity, using a range of well-known techniques including denial, delay, diversion, and delegation to pass blame for abuse and atrocities to the lowest plausible level. Mitchell argues that, despite the conventional wisdom that accountability is a 'central feature' of democracies, it is only a rare and courageous leader who acts differently, exposing the limits of accountability in democratic societies. As democracies remain embroiled in armed conflicts, and continue to try to come to grips with past atrocities, Democracy's Blameless Leaders provides a timely analysis of why these events occur, why leaders behave as they do, and how a more accountable system might be developed.

From human trafficking to smuggling small arms to looting antiquities, illicit trade poses significant threats to international order. So why is it difficult to establish international cooperation against illicit trade? Governing Guns, Preventing Plunder offers a novel, thought-provoking answer to this crucial question.Conventional wisdom holds that it is criminal groups that obstruct efforts to suppress illicit trade. In contrast, Asif Efrat explains how legitimate actors, such as museums that acquire looted antiquities, seek to hinder these regulatory efforts. Yet, such attempts to evade regulation fuel international political conflicts between governments that demand action against illicit trade and others that are reluctant to cooperate. The book offers a framework for understanding the domestic origins of these conflicts and how the distribution of power shapes their outcome. Through this framework, Efrat explains why the interests of governments vary across countries, trades, and time. In a fascinating empirical analysis, he solves a variety of puzzles: Why is the international regulation of small arms much weaker than international drug control? What led the United States and Britain to oppose the efforts against plunder of antiquities and why did they ultimately join these efforts? How did American pressure motivate Israel to tackle sex trafficking? Efrat's findings will change the way we think about illicit trade, offering valuable insights for scholars, activists, and policymakers.

Scholarship on the psychology of peace has been accumulating for decades. The approach employed has been predominantly centered on addressing and preventing conflict and violence and less on the conditions associated with promoting peace. Concerns around nuclear annihilation, enemy images, discrimination, denial of basic human needs, terrorism and torture have been the focal points of most research. The Psychological Components of a Sustainable Peace moves beyond a prevention-orientation to the study of the conditions for increasing the probabilities for sustainable, cooperative peace. Such a view combines preventative scholarship with a promotive-orientation to the study of peaceful situations and societies. The contributors to this volume examine the components of various psychological theories that contribute to the promotion of a harmonious, sustainable peace. Underlying this orientation is the belief that promoting the ideas and actions which can lead to a sustainable, harmonious peace will not only contribute to the prevention of war, but will also lead to more positive, constructive relations among people and nations and to a more sustainable planet. The Psychological Components of a Sustainable Peace is valuable and stimulating reading for researchers in peace psychology, political psychology, and conflict resolution as well as others who are interested in developing a sustainable, harmonious world.

Front-cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Growing Globalization and the Challenges of Religious Plurality -- Current Challenges in Islam -- Global Trends of Growing Secularization -- Two Important Responses to Religious Plurality -- Wolfhart Pannenberg -- Abdulaziz Sachedina -- Purpose and Preview -- Defining Key Concepts -- 1. Contemporary Muslim and Christian Responses to Religious Plurality -- Religious Plurality and the New Global Climate: Present Problems and Possibilities -- Taxonomical Problems of Classifying Christian Responses to Religious Plurality -- Survey of Christian Responses to Religious Plurality: A Diversity of "Centrisms" -- Ecclesiocentrism -- Christocentrism -- Theocentrism -- Ethicocentrism -- Eschatocentrism -- Muslim Responses to Religious Plurality -- Taxonomical Problems of Classifying Muslim Responses to Religious Plurality -- Sociopolitical -- Exclusivism -- Inclusivism -- Pluralism -- Conclusion -- 2. Contemporary Christian-Muslim Relations: A Brief Historical and Thematic Survey -- Meeting Faith to Faith: A Recent History of Muslim-Christian Encounters -- The World Council of Churches -- Roman Catholicism -- Evangelicalism -- Islam and Christian-Muslim Dialogue -- Summary and Synthesis: Recurring Themes of Commonality and Conflict -- Consistent Conflicts and Barriers in Christian and Muslim Dialogue -- Questions of Implementation and Representation -- Theological Themes -- Political Themes -- Ethical and Praxiological Themes -- Emergent Themes of Commonality in Christian and Muslim Dialogue -- Theological Themes -- Political Themes -- Ethical and Praxiological Themes -- Conclusion: Obstacles, Opportunities, or Both? Finding New Ways to Move Forward Together Again -- 3. God, History, the Future, and Religious Contestation: Wolfhart Pannenberg's Theology of Religions.

Botswana has been portrayed as a major case of exception in Africa—as an oasis of peace and harmony with an enduring parliamentary democracy, blessed with remarkable diamond-driven economic growth. Whereas the "failure" of other states on the continent is often attributed to the prevalence of indigenous political ideas and structures, the author argues that Botswana's apparent success is not the result of Western ideas and practices of government having replaced indigenous ideas and structures. Rather, the postcolonial state of Botswana is best understood as a unique, complex formation, one that arose dialectically through the meeting of European ideas and practices with the symbolism and hierarchies of authority, rooted in the cosmologies of indigenous polities, and both have become integral to the formation of a strong state with a stable government. Yet there are destabilizing potentialities in progress due to emerging class conflict between all the poor sections of the population and the privileged modern elites born of the expansion of a beef and diamond-driven political economy, in addition to conflicts between dominant Tswana and vast other ethnic groups. These transformations of the modern state are viewed from the long-term perspectives of precolonial and colonial genealogies and the rise of structures of domination, propelled by changing global forces

Intro -- The Archaeology of Violence Interdisciplinary Approaches -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Tables -- Chapter One: Introduction: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of Violence -- Section I: The Contexts of Violence -- Introduction -- Chapter Two: War Without Warriors?: The Nature of Interpersonal Conflict before the Emergence of Formalized Warrior Elites -- Chapter Three: Warfare in Northern European Bronze Age Societies: Twentieth-Century Presentations and Recent Archaeological Research Inquiries -- Chapter Four: Violence as an Aspect of the Durotriges Female Life Course -- Chapter Five: Facing the Sword: Confronting the Realities of Martial Violence and Other Mayhem, Present and Past -- Section II: The Politics and Identities of Violence -- Introduction -- Chapter Six: Violent Discourses: Visual Cannibalism and the Portraits of Rome's "Bad" Emperors -- Chapter Seven: "An Offense to Honor Is Never Forgiven…": Violence and Landscape Archaeology in Highland Northern Albania -- Chapter Eight: "Persuade the People": Violence and Roman Spectacle Entertainment in the Greek World -- Chapter Nine: Past War and European Identity: Making Conflict Archaeology Useful -- Section III: Sanctified Violence -- Introduction -- Chapter Ten: The State of Sacrifice: Divine Power and Political Aspiration in Third Millennium Mesopotamia and Beyond -- Chapter Eleven: The Violent Ways of Galatian Gordion -- Chapter Twelve: An Archaeological Interpretation of Irish Iron Age Bog Bodies -- Chapter Thirteen: The Archaeology of Destruction: Christians, Images of Classical Antiquity, and Some Problems of Interpretation -- Section IV: Epilogue -- Epilogue -- Contributors -- Index.

"Over the past two decades or so, medieval geopolitics have come to occupy an increasingly prominent place in the collective imagination--and writings--of International Relations scholars. Although these accounts differ significantly in terms of their respective analytical assumptions, theoretical concerns and scholarly contributions, they share at least one common - arguably, defining - element: a belief that a careful study of medieval geopolitics can help resolve a number of important debates surrounding the nature and dynamics of 'international' relations. There are however three generic weaknesses characterizing the extant literature: a general failure to examine the existing historiography of medieval geopolitics, an inadequate account of the material and ideational forces that create patterns of violent conflict in medieval Latin Christendom, and a failure to take seriously the role of 'religion' in the geopolitical relations of medieval Latin Christendom. This book seeks to address these shortcomings by providing a theoretically guided and historically sensitive account of the geopolitical relations of medieval Latin Christendom. It does this by developing a theoretically informed picture of medieval geopolitics, theorizing the medieval-to-modern transition in a new and fruitful way, and suggesting ways in which a systematic analysis of medieval geopolitical relations can actually help to illuminate a range of contemporary geopolitical phenomena. Finally, it develops an historically sensitive conceptual framework for understanding geopolitical conflict and war more generally"--Publisher's website

Although prisoner of war and detainee operations ultimately tend to become quite extensive, military planners and policymakers have repeatedly treated such operations as an afterthought. In reality, such operations can be a central part of the successful prosecution of a conflict. Determining how to gain knowledge from, hold, question, influence, and release captured adversaries can be an important component of military strategy and doctrine, both during the conflict and in reconstruction afterward. This monograph finds parallels in U.S. prisoner and detainee operations in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq: underestimation of the number to be held, hasty scrambling for resources to meet operational needs, and inadequate doctrine and policy. During the later phases of military operations, an attempt is often made to educate prisoners and detainees and influence their social and political values. The results of a survey by RAND researchers of Iraq detainees contravene many assumptions that had been guiding decisions related to detainee operations. The survey found that local and personal motives, along with nationalism, were more prevalent than religious ones and that detainees were often economic opportunists rather than illiterates seeking economic subsistence through the insurgency. Recommendations include that detailed doctrine should be in place prior to detention and that detainees should be surveyed when first detained

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- Motivation and Relevance -- Objective and Structure -- Part I Delegated Portfolio Management -- 1 Institutional Setting -- 1.1 Role of Mutual Funds -- 1.2 Objectives of Investors -- Professional Management -- Diversification -- Liquidity -- Additional Services -- 1.3 Investment Strategies -- 1.3.1 Return Predictability and Equilibrium Considerations -- 1.3.2 Active versus Passive Investing -- 1.3.3 Specific Investment Strategies -- 1.3.3.1 Indexing and Enhanced Indexing -- 1.3.3.2 Fundamental Indexing -- 1.3.3.3 Active Long-Only Strategies -- 1.3.3.4 Active Long-Short Strategies -- 1.3.3.5 Activist Investors -- 1.4 Organizational Design -- 1.4.1 Open-End Funds -- 1.4.2 Exchange-Traded Funds -- 1.4.3 Retail Structured Products -- 1.4.4 Closed-End Funds -- 1.4.5 Hedge Funds -- 1.4.6 Comparison of Different Structures -- 1.5 Discussion -- 2 Agency Conflicts -- 2.1 Potential Conflicts of Interest -- 2.1.1 Investors and Portfolio Managers 2.1.1.1 Career Concerns and Tournaments Tournament Behavior -- Strategic Interaction and Family Tournaments -- Further Empirical Evidence and Statistical Issues -- 2.1.1.2 Herding -- 2.1.2 Investors and Investment Management Companies -- 2.1.2.1 Distribution Channels and Advertisement Brokers and Financial Advisors -- Advertising Performance -- Changing Names and Pretending Innovation -- 2.1.2.2 Fund Families and "Star" Managers Strategically Boosting Fund Performance -- Side-by-Side Management -- Strategically Starting, Merging and Closing Funds -- 2.1.2.3 Benchmark Gaming and Performance Manipulation Benchmark Gaming -- Portfolio Pumping -- Window Dressing -- 2.1.3 Costs and Potential Third-Party Benefits -- 2.1.3.1 Costs -- 2.1.3.2 Directed Brokerage and Soft Dollars.

"The collapse of the World Trade Center shattered windows across the street in Battery Park City, throwing the neighborhood into darkness and smothering homes in debris. Residents fled. In the months and years after they returned, they worked to restore their community. Until September 11, Battery Park City had been a secluded, wealthy enclave just west Wall Street, one with all the opulence of the surrounding corporate headquarters yet with a gated, suburban feel. After the towers fell it became the most visible neighborhood in New York. This ethnography of an elite planned community near the heart of New York City's financial district examines both the struggles and shortcomings of one of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods. In doing so, September 12 discovers the vibrant exclusivity that makes Battery Park City an unmatched place to live for the few who can gain entry. Focusing on both the global forces that shape local landscapes and the exclusion that segregates American urban development, Smithsimon shows the tensions at work as the neighborhood's residents mobilized to influence reconstruction plans. September 12 reveals previously unseen conflicts over the redevelopment of Lower Manhattan, providing a new understanding of the ongoing, reciprocal relationship between social conflicts and the spaces they both inhabit and create"--Provided by publisher