Suchergebnisse

Three are many reasons why a person may be reluctant to appear before a court as a witness. This article concerns the ability of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia to compel witnesses to attend and also to answer questions when they are before the Tribunal. This second issue is more accurately represented as an ability to impose a sanction for the refusal to answer a question. This in turn raises the important question whether there are circumstances in which an individual may legitimately (i.e. without sanction) refuse to answer.

This paper explores the relationship between international war crimes tribunals and reconciliation in post-conflict societies. The aim of the present study was to examine how the role of international war crimes tribunals has changed in the peacebuilding process since the early years after World War II. Due to the evolving nature of international law and the international criminal legal system, international tribunals have become increasingly recognized as an integral component of peacebuilding in post-conflict societies. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was the first international tribunal with a mandate to contribute to international peace and security. The ICTY established a new precedent for the role of international tribunals. Not only did it secure accountability for past abuses, it made a significant contribution to the development of the rule of law in the region of the former Yugoslavia. As the first international criminal court since the Nuremberg tribunal and the first UN tribunal of its kind, the ICTY provides an important model for future judicial intervention in the aftermath of conflict. It has shown the extent to which international war crimes tribunals facilitate societal reconciliation is, and will be, understood within the context of the legacies they leave behind. Institutions such as the ICTY will not be judged solely on the merits of the ideals on which they were established, but instead on their concrete successes in the domestic arena and their ability to fortify domestic judicial capacity.

Global pressures have urged organizations to incorporate sustainable international human resource management (IHRM) systems to be socially responsible. This paper proposes that integrating IHRM with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and shared value may be the solution This study analyzes sustainability within the IHRM field, including other sustainable concepts to demonstrate the relevance of labor and employment relation within human resource management. Employment relations and the importance of developing IHRM strategies involving workers and managers to increase shared value are also explained in the study. In turn, this integration enhances organizational performance and competitive advantage. Accordingly, this paper proposes a model to unleash the bridge between IHRM and employment relations in multinationals operating in emerging economies and proposes some propositions. Implications for research and practice are also discussed in the paper.

Le commerce et les biens culturels sont une source d'antagonisme et de désaccords tant au niveau national qu'international. La culture est un champ d'intérêt commercial considérable ainsi qu'une expression profondément significative du patrimoine national et du dynamisme artistique. D'ailleurs, la culture est inéluctablement vouée à osciller entre la sphère artistique et la sphère marchande. La nature ambiguë et équivoque des activités et des expressions culturelles - et en particulier audiovisuelles - suspendues entre l'art et l'industrie, entre la production symbolique et la production matérielle, suscite de plus en plus un débat politique à la fois virulent et polémique sur la scène internationale.La question de la préservation de la diversité des expressions culturelles et la nécessité de la protection « des écosystèmes culturels » dans le contexte de globalisation croissante économique et financière a pris depuis une quinzaine d'années une ampleur, difficilement imaginée auparavant. En effet, la problématique de base qui est soulevée est celle de la circulation des produits culturels à l'échelle mondiale, régionale, ainsi que nationale et celle du traitement à accorder aux biens/services culturels et artistiques dans les accords commerciaux internationaux. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The theory (or rather the notion) that the international economy functioned more or less effectively for roughly a century down to 1914 because Great Britain provided the 'public goods' required for the smooth operation of the 'liberal international order' has become a textbook generalization. That notion emerged quite recently and can be traced to Kindleberger's attempt to explain the pronounced cyclical fluctuations experienced by the world economy during the interwar years 1919–39, as well as the severity and duration of the Great Depression from 1929–33 in terms of the American failure to sustain conditions necessary for the financial stability of an interdependent global economy. In Kindleberger's view, Britain, which had acted as a hegemonic power before 1914, lacked the resources to continue with its historic role after the Great War, while the United States (which by 1918 enjoyed a position in the world economy of arguably greater weight and significance than the United Kingdom had ever possessed during the long nineteenth century) commanded neither the knowledge nor the political will to replace Britain as the responsible hegemonic power until after the Second World War.