Suchergebnisse

"Using a new approach to ethnicity that underscores its relative territoriality, Zeynep Bulutgil brings together previously separate arguments that focus on domestic and international factors to offer a coherent theory of what causes ethnic cleansing. The author argues that domestic obstacles based on non-ethnic cleavages usually prevent ethnic cleansing whereas territorial conflict triggers this policy by undermining such obstacles. The empirical analysis combines statistical evaluation based on original data with comprehensive studies of historical cases in Central and Eastern Europe as well as Bosnia in the 1990s. The findings demonstrate how socio-economic cleavages curb radical factions within dominant groups whereas territorial wars strengthen these factions and pave the way for ethnic cleansing. The author further explores the theoretical and empirical extensions in the context of Africa. Its theoretical novelty and broad empirical scope make this book highly valuable to scholars of comparative and international politics alike"--

European Digital Treasures Exhibitions : Exhibition 1 Coordination : National Archives of Norway and the International Centre for Archival Research: ICARUS ; in collaboration with Spanish State Archives, National Archives of Malta, Torre do Tombo (National Archives of Portugal), National Archives of Hungary and Munster Technology University, Cork (MTU) ; Historian: György Majtényi ; Catalogue of an exhibition showing 47 different digital documents from 22 archives from 9 countries to tell micro-stories that shaped Europe. The exhibition covers work-related migration, war-related migration and political uprising, turmoil and persecution. This exhibition tells the story of Europe along with its construction as a concept, that has changed over time. Created and shaped by the people who lived there, it also provides a collective identity for its inhabitants. This exhibition, built on documents grouped into 4 'pillars', examines the common history of Europe under the following headings. 1: The Spirit of Europe. Europe represents an intellectual heritage: steps, writings, life-works and trends in science, education and the arts, and their intellectual effects that go beyond the historical eras. 2: The Diversity of Europe. Europe has always been characterised by cultural, religious, ethnic and national diversity. A failure to recognise this has been the cause of many tragedies, crimes committed by Europeans against Europeans. 3: The Multiple Faces of Christianity. The history of Christianity in Europe, as it interacted with other religions and cultures, illustrates the diversity of beliefs that helped shape Europeanism. This story in itself can symbolize the diversity of European history as well: intolerance and tolerance, power or total rejection of power. 4: The Heritage of Enlightenment. The intellectual heritage of the Enlightenment is a Europe that is open and democratic, putting diversity at the heart of Europeanism. Europe is history, tradition, a collective memory. It is not indifferent to how we remember ...

"References" at end of chapters. ; v. 1. France under Louis XIV -- Europe and Louis XIV -- Reconstruction of Europe at Utrecht -- Russia and Prussia become European powers -- The wars of Frederick the Great -- The struggle between France and England for India -- The rivalry of France and England in North America -- The old regime in Europe -- The spirit of reform -- The enlightened despots of the eighteenth century -- The eve of the French Revolution -- The French Revolution -- The First French Republic -- Napoleon Bonaparte -- Europe and Napoleon -- The reconstruction of Europe at the Congress of Vienna -- v. 2. Europe after the Congress of Vienna -- The Industrial Revolution -- Revolution of 1848 in France -- Revolution of 1848 : Austria, Germany, Italy -- The unification of Italy -- Formation of the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Union -- The German Empire -- France under the Third Republic -- Political reforms in England -- Social reforms in England -- The British Empire in the nineteenth century -- The Russian Empire in the nineteenth century -- Turkey and the Eastern Question -- The expansion of Europe in the nineteenth century -- Some of the great problems of today -- Appendix 1 : List of rulers -- Appendix 2 : List of books. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Este artículo versa sobre el papel de la Unión Europea (UE) en las elecciones generales en España. Emplea los siguientes materiales: la base de datos del Manifesto Project, los programas de los partidos que obtuvieron representación en los comicios de 2011, así como, también para 2011, la transcripción del único debate televisado y las cuentas en la red social twitter de los candidatos a la Presidencia del Gobierno del Partido Popular y del Partido Socialista. La metodología empleada es el análisis de contenido. Los datos confirman las expectativas derivadas de la teoría de la importancia (saliency theory). Los partidos españoles han desenfatizado los asuntos de la UE, incluso en 2011, cuando medidas impulsadas por el gobierno anterior, incluida una reforma constitucional, fruto de decisiones adoptadas a escala europea, motivaron la convocatoria anticipada de elecciones. La evolución del énfasis y posición sobre la UE de los partidos españoles contrasta con los cambios observados en estas variables en otros Estados miembros como Francia o Italia. Los hallazgos de esta investigación tienen implicaciones desde el punto de vista de la legitimidad democrática de la UE en España ; This article deals with the role of the EU as an issue in Spanish electoral competition from the accession of this country to the European Community in 1986, as well as the role of the different EU issues in the 2011 Spanish general election. For the analysis of the entire period 1986-2011, MARPOR´s dataset is employed. Regarding the 2011 election, the raw programs of the parties that obtained representation in the Congreso de los Diputados, the only televised debate, and the twitter accounts of the two main parties´ candidates for the Presidency of the Government were used. The methodology is content analysis. Empirical evidence confi rms saliency theory´s expectations. Spanish parties don´t put emphasis on EU affairs, indeed in 2011, that was an early election called as a result of certain unpopular measures, including a constitutional ...

There is broad historical awareness for Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation in Germany, Europe, and the 'West' as a whole, but given the persistent myths about the persona and work of this reformer, there is a need for a radical re-historicization of Luther and his reception. This compendium seeks to stimulate such a reevaluation in order to place the 500-year commemoration of the Protestant Reformation on sound historical footing.