Suchergebnisse

It is almost a theoretical truism that a society comprises different groups of people held together by common ideas, goals, and social-political and economic principles. These ideas, goals and principles precipitated different ideological groupings depending on the nature and supporting history of such society. Resulting from the differences in ideas, goals and principles in such a society, one ideological group is classified from the other. Consequently, talking about the organization of some Western societies namely, the United Kingdom, there are some diverse but sometimes competing ideological schools. Typically, we have the Conservative, the Liberal and the Radical Left. However, attempts are made to define African politico-economic structures along these foreign ideological classifications. This originates from the view that an ideological classification which originated and is working in some particular Western society must also work in typical African society. Whereas, the latter is not only different in its theoretical framework but also in its historical background. Consequently, this paper seeks to interrogate the justification of such classification of Nigerian society. The paper intends to submit that attempting to classify Nigerian politico-economic structure into these ideological frameworks is not only contradictory to the nature of our society, but also that such classifications are just conceptual acronyms for pseudo classes.

This article contributes to our understanding of the continuities and disconnects in the way that 'race,' and in particular African-American culture, were conceived of in the long postwar era in West Germany. It does so by examining some salient racial aspects in the writings and production activities of West-German 'jazz pope,' Joachim-Ernst Berendt, between the late 1940s and the mid-1980s. I demonstrate that the late 1960s brought about a sharpening in talk concerning the racial 'ownership' of jazz, and that in these circumstances, Berendt proceeded beyond his earlier, liberal elaborations about jazz, race, and African-Americans to advance an inclusive, ecumenical model of 'Weltmusik' (world music). Germany's National Socialist history figured in important ways in his conception of both jazz and then Weltmusik. Whilst he initially saw jazz as an antidote to National Socialism, by the late 1960s and 1970s, he regarded certain traits of jazz discourse to be, themselves, proto-fascist. Far from being a boon, Afro-Americanophilia—or at least one strain of it—now became something from which to distance oneself. What was important for Berendt, as for others of his generation, was distance from the past, as much as seeking out racial Others in Germany, engaging with them on their own terms, and yielding to a new racial 'relationships of representation' (Stuart Hall).

Hurricane Katrina was responsible for the displacement of the entire city of New Orleans. This article will consider the forced migration of the city's inhabitants, focusing specifically on poor African Americans. In the aftermath, families were separated and relocated all across
the United States, controversially referred to as 'refugees'. This problematically evokes Harold Cruse's idea of 'domestic colonies' as it aligns black identity with the notion of foreignness. The imposed dislocation of black American families cannot be divorced
from the historical context of slavery; the image of the migrant wading through the water evokes stories of fugitive slaves taking to the Mississippi River in an attempt to escape capture. The evacuation was in part due to an inherently racist infrastructure, primarily and irrefutably based
on class. Yet, in spite of this, many citizens chose to return. The article will consider the homecoming experience in relation to the mythical status of the city and its rich cultu al heritage; how the 'pull' factors outweighed the political and socio- economic realities. Using
the documentaries, When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (Lee, 2006), and Trouble the Water (Deal and Lessin, 2008) along with the HBO series Treme (2010–2011), this article will explore forced migration and intransigence, the image of the migrant, and the narrative of return
in relation to African American identity, mythology, history, race and class.

Race relations in New Orleans have often been narrowed to Black and white, especially pre-Katrina. According to the 2000 census, the city was about 67% African American, 27% white, 2% Asian, and 3% "Hispanic." In a city with a deep history of racial tensions between Black and white, other people of color—and especially recent immigrants—often went unmentioned in discussions of city demographics. The city's world famous culture—whether in the traditions of Mardi Gras Indians and secondline parades, or in music like jazz and bounce—is also famously rooted in specifically African cultures. Even in media coverage of the city post-Katrina, the story of immigrant experiences has remained mostly invisible. When these stories have been told, they have often fit into the old stereotypes of "model minorities" (as in the case of the Vietnamese recovery) or of low-wage workers stealing jobs (as in the case of news reports on the city's new Latino population). However, the stories of these other New Orleanians offer an important lens through which to view the overall struggle over the city's recovery. And the work of grassroots activists from these communities, who strived to not only work for justice for their friends and neighbors, but also to build broad multi-racial alliances, provides an inspiring example for people in other cities who are waging similar fights.

Focusses on the commemoration and symbolic functions of the slavery past in the Americas, with a particular focus on Guyana. Author explains that while symbolic representations of the legacies of slavery increased in the Americas since the 1960s, the nationalist government under Forbes Burnham since 1970 went further in using the slavery past as its ideological foundation. He discusses how this relates to Guyana's history and ethnic development of 2 main, often opposed groups of African- and Indian-descended groups, calling on their respective slavery or indenture past in emphasizing their national significance. He further describes slavery-related symbolic representations promoted under Burnham, specifically the 1763 slave revolt led by Cuffy, presented as first anticolonial rebellion aimed at liberation, and as a precursor to the PNC government, and other slave rebellions and rebels, such as led by Damon in 1834. He points out how some Indian-Guyanese found that Indian heroes were sidelined in relation to these. Author then describes how the annual commemoration of Emancipation Day continues to refer to the martyrdom of these slave rebels, along with other discursive connections, such as regarding reparations. He also pays attention to the activities of nongovernmental organizations in Guyana up to the present in commemorating the slavery past, often with broader African diaspora connections.

This paper examines the plays of African-American playwright Adrienne Kennedy, Funnyhouse of a Negro (1962) and The Owl Answers (1963), which remain important for their engagement with notions of African-American identity, resistance and agency through their attention to mixed race female characters or mulattos who experience bodily and psychological traumas that demonstrate the abuse of the colonized on a deeply visceral level. Kennedy's plays have remained controversial because of their failure to comply with the nationalistic orientation of the Black Arts Movement (BAM) of 1960s America. I aim to examine these plays through a framework of postcolonial-feminist performance analysis that finds its way back to histories of colonization and slavery, enabling through such returns, a compelling critique of the manoeuvrings of racial hierarchies and power imbalances. As well, I argue that Kennedy's protagonists are de-essentialized fractured beings who fail to embody either White superiority or Black nationalist pride, as they oscillate between two polarities. Such failure (on the part of Kennedy's mulattos) allows for a strategic de-essentialization of identity that interrogates fixed categorization. As well, through a form that is fluid, fragmented and blurs the distinctions among history, memory, space and time, her works impart political agency to the characters and enable an empowered sense of the 'self-in-process.'

Focusses on the commemoration and symbolic functions of the slavery past in the Americas, with a particular focus on Guyana. Author explains that while symbolic representations of the legacies of slavery increased in the Americas since the 1960s, the nationalist government under Forbes Burnham since 1970 went further in using the slavery past as its ideological foundation. He discusses how this relates to Guyana's history and ethnic development of 2 main, often opposed groups of African- and Indian-descended groups, calling on their respective slavery or indenture past in emphasizing their national significance. He further describes slavery-related symbolic representations promoted under Burnham, specifically the 1763 slave revolt led by Cuffy, presented as first anticolonial rebellion aimed at liberation, and as a precursor to the PNC government, and other slave rebellions and rebels, such as led by Damon in 1834. He points out how some Indian-Guyanese found that Indian heroes were sidelined in relation to these. Author then describes how the annual commemoration of Emancipation Day continues to refer to the martyrdom of these slave rebels, along with other discursive connections, such as regarding reparations. He also pays attention to the activities of nongovernmental organizations in Guyana up to the present in commemorating the slavery past, often with broader African diaspora connections.

Purpose.This study describes the prevalence and characteristics of physician health promotion referrals and patient adherence to referrals in a community-based primary care clinic and associated wellness facility. The role of reimbursement for attendance to the wellness facility was specifically examined.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.The Church Health Center of Memphis, Tennessee: a low-income urban clinic and its affiliated wellness center.Subjects.Patients were primarily African-American, lower-income, urban residents of Shelby County, Tennessee.Measures.All study data came from existing medical clinic and wellness facility records of utilization, patient history, and diagnoses.Results.Of 6321 clinic patients, 16.7% (n = 1069) received a provider health promotion referral. Logistic regression analyses identified that physician referral was related to patient factors of access to free wellness-facility membership, employment status, receiving a behavior-related diagnosis, and being African-American and female. Of patients receiving a referral, 17.2% (n = 184) adhered to this advice and visited the wellness facility. New patients were more likely to adhere to a referral than established patients.Conclusion.Demographic, financial, and patient characteristics influenced whether health behavior change referrals were made by primary care physicians in a community clinic. Removing financial barriers did not influence patient adherence, but new patients were more likely to follow the recommendation than those previously seen at the clinic.

The 50thanniversary of the historic 1954U.S. SupremeCourt decision in Brown v. Board of Education provides an opportunity to trace the origin of Brown and the long journey by African Americans to achieve quality elementary and secondary education in this country. This journey began with passage of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1868, which applied the Bill of Rights to the states. This action gave the newly freed slaves the same legal rights as White Americans, citizenship and equality under the law and due process protection against state action under the Bill of Rights. Even though public education did not exist for Blacks when the amendment was enacted, it gave Blacks protection against future negative state action. This journey was slowed in 1896 when the Court in Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that the doctrine of separate but equal could satisfy the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In the 1940s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) forcefully renewed the journey again. In 1954, the Court reversed the Plessy ruling and held that de jure, state enforced racially segregated education did not meet constitutional requirements. This article reviews this history and makes projections for the future of public education for African Americans, 135 years after this journey began with passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.

It is the purpose of this article to give a review of the role played by destroyers (those 'greyhounds of the seas') in the South African Navy (SAN), 1950 to 1975. In 1950 the South African Naval Forces (from 1951 known as the SAN), acquired its first ever destroyer, namely HMSAS Jan van Riebeeck (formerly HMS Wessex). She was followed in 1953 by her sister ship, SAS Simon van der Stel (formerly HMS Whelp). For m ore than a decade these were the largest and most formidable ships in the small butgradually expanding SAN. Both destroyers were in reserve from 1957 to 1964, but just when it seemed as if modern developments with regard to submarines and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) had left them obsolescent, they were given a second lease of life when they were rebuilt, from 1962 to 1966, into helicopter-carrying ASW ships. In this capacity, and also as training ships, the SAN's destroyers played a vital role in the development of the SAN until 1975, when they reached the end of their operational lives and were consequently withdrawn from service. In the article the history of the SAN's destroyers is throughout placed in context of both political and other developments at home as well as the Cold War internationally.

In our ever-increasing global world, it is becoming more difficult to understand local and national experiences of competitive athletes without reference to global processes. This is clearly the case when it comes to the global sport of football. This paper takes up the issue of local-global connections wthin football in Africa by examining the development of and the shifting power relations within South African women's football during the 1990s. The concurrent processes of democratization and globilization make South Africa a particularly intriguing context in which to examine local-global linkages. This analysis is based on multiple sources of data inclucing qualitative interviews, self-administered surveys, archival documents, and direct observations of women's soccer in South Africa. Future directions for research to increase our understanding of contemporary African women's sporting experiences are discussed. (Afr Spec/GIGA)

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4M Building Solutions, Inc. -- Abano Healthcare Group Ltd. -- African Oxygen Ltd. -- American Farm Bureau Federation -- Andino Investment Holding S.A. -- Aruba Networks, Inc. -- Banks Holdings Ltd. -- The Barbados Light and Power Company Ltd. -- BlueTie, Inc. -- CIMOS d.d. Avtomobilska industrija -- Comau S.p.A. -- Cotecna S.A. -- Cotton Buds, Inc. -- Criteo S.A. -- The Daily Beast Company LLC -- Detroit Institute of Arts -- Dole & Bailey Inc. -- Eggers & Franke Holding -- GmbH -- Fater SpA -- Forbo Holding AG -- Free State Brewing Co., Inc. -- Friedhelm Loh Group -- Fristads Kansas AB -- Gerolsteiner Brunnen -- GmbH & Co. KG -- Glorious Sun Enterprises Ltd. -- Grammer AG -- Groupe Loret -- Hana Microelectronics PCL -- Huf Hulsbeck & Furst -- GmbH & Co. KG -- The Humane Society of the United States -- Hunt Brothers Pizza LLC -- IAC Acoustics -- Indianapolis Motor Speedway Corporation -- Iplom S.p.A. -- Israel Chemicals Ltd. -- Jack in the Box Inc. -- JAKKS Pacific, Inc. -- Jasa Marga PT -- The Jaynes Companies Inc. -- Jersey Mike's Franchise Systems, Inc. -- Johnsonville Sausage L.L.C. -- Jones Soda Company -- Joseph Enterprises Inc. -- Jurys Inn Group Ltd. -- K-Swiss Inc. -- Kansai Paint Company Ltd. -- Kelda Group Ltd. -- Kelley Blue Book Company, Inc. -- Kerry Properties Limited -- Koch Enterprises, Inc. -- Konig Brauerei GmbH -- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. -- Lamar Advertising Company -- Lancair International, Inc. -- Legacy Bakehouse LLC -- Leupold & Stevens, Inc. -- Life is good, Inc. -- Long Trail Brewing Company -- LRI Holdings Inc. -- Lund Boat Company Inc. -- Marchesa Ltd. -- Martha Tilaar Group -- The Maschhoffs, Inc. -- Mazzetta Company LLC -- Melting Pot Restaurants Inc. -- Morgan Truck Body LLC -- New York Football Giants LLC -- Oragroup S.A. -- The Palmer Family of Companies, Inc. -- Pan-O-Gold Baking Company, Inc. -- Patriarch Partners LLC -- Phillips & Jordan, Inc. -- The Pictsweet Company -- Pivovarna Lasko, d.d. -- Plaid Pantries, Inc. -- Pride Mobility Products Corporation -- Purity Dairies, Inc. -- Rakon Ltd. -- Rochester Drug Cooperative, Inc. -- Ronco Holdings, Inc. -- Runza National, Inc. -- Sesame Workshop -- Smeal Fire Apparatus Company -- Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. -- Stoel Rives LLP -- Stupp Bros., Inc. -- SweetWater Brewing Company, Inc. -- Synlait Milk Ltd. -- Systemax, Inc. -- Taco Mayo Franchise Systems Inc. -- Taubman Centers, Inc. -- Ted's Montana Grill, Inc. -- Tempur-Sealy International, Inc. -- Tijuana Flats Burrito Company, Inc. -- Tilted Kilt Franchise Operating LLC -- Troyer Foods, Inc. -- Umami Restaurant Group, LLC -- Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company -- Wetzel's Pretzels LLC -- Wing Tai Holdings Ltd.

A -- Acergy SA -- Ackermans & van Haaren N.V. -- Adani Enterprises Ltd. -- AeroVironment, Inc. -- African Rainbow Minerals Ltd. -- Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. -- Allegiant Travel Company -- American Superconductor Corporation -- Amerigon Incorporated -- Arena Resources, Inc. -- Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder Advisers, LLC -- Ascendia Brands, Inc. -- Astellas Pharma Inc. -- B -- Babolat VS, S.A. -- Baldor Electric Company -- BlueLinx Holdings Inc. -- Bojangles Restaurants Inc. -- Boss Holdings, Inc. -- Bouygues S.A. -- Burgett, Inc. -- C -- Cano Petroleum Inc. -- Caribou Coffee Company, Inc. -- Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc. -- Catholic Order of Foresters -- CEZ a. s. -- China Nepstar Chain Drugstore Ltd. -- Ctrip.com International Ltd. -- D -- Dairy Farm International Holdings Ltd. -- DDi Corp. -- Dreams Inc. -- E -- El Puerto de Liverpool, S.A.B. de C.V. -- EMCORE Corporation -- Energen Corporation -- Ennis, Inc. -- Evergreen Energy, Inc. -- Evraz Group S.A. -- F -- Faegre & Benson LLP -- Fred Alger Management, Inc. -- Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc. -- G -- Galaxy Investors, Inc. -- Greek Organization of Football Prognostics S.A. (OPAP) -- Grupo Aeroportuario del Centro Norte, S.A.B. de C.V. -- H -- Hamon & Cie (International) S.A. -- Hapag-Lloyd AG -- Hite Brewery Company Ltd. -- The Home Depot, Inc. -- Houston Wire & Cable Company -- Hummer Winblad Venture Partners -- I -- IDB Holding Corporation Ltd. -- IG Group Holdings plc -- INPEX Holdings Inc. -- International Paper Company -- J -- Jones Knowledge Group, Inc. -- K -- Kolbenschmidt Pierburg AG -- Kreisler Manufacturing Corporation -- M -- Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC -- Make-A-Wish Foundation of America -- Malaysian Airline System Berhad -- ManTech International Corporation -- Marie Brizard et Roger International S.A.S. -- Medifast, Inc. -- Metalico Inc. -- Mota-Engil, SGPS, S.A. -- N -- National City Corporation -- Noah Education Holdings Ltd. -- Nutrition 21 Inc. -- O -- Oakleaf Waste Management, LLC -- OOC Inc. -- P -- Palace Sports & Entertainment, Inc. -- Panda Restaurant Group, Inc. -- R -- Redlon & Johnson, Inc. -- Regal-Beloit Corporation -- Rheinmetall AG -- S -- St. Jude Medical, Inc. -- Salem Communications Corporation -- Sapporo Holdings Limited -- Selecta AG -- skinnyCorp, LLC -- Sonae SGPS, S.A. -- Sterilite Corporation -- Sub Pop Ltd. -- Suez-Tractebel S.A. -- The Swiss Colony, Inc. -- Syniverse Holdings Inc. -- T -- Taylor Devices, Inc. -- Teknor Apex Company -- Tesoro Corporation -- Teton Energy Corporation -- TouchTunes Music Corporation -- Trend Micro Inc. -- Tripwire, Inc. -- U -- USA Mobility Inc. -- V -- Vector Aerospace Corporation -- Vueling Airlines S.A. -- W -- Webasto Roof Systems Inc. -- Wells Fargo & Company -- Whitbread PLC -- Wilton Products, Inc. -- Worldwide Pants Inc. -- X -- Xantrex Technology Inc.

International audience ; The development of sociology in Africa and Latin America has remained largelyunder-researched until now. Ongoing debates on the globalisation of economy andsociety, as well as the increasingly cross-national activities of the scholarlycommunity, have been enhancing reflections on the internationalisation orglobalisation of the discipline, a topic on the agenda of each of the more recentWorldCongresses of Sociology. Diverging perceptions of these processes within sociologyhave been articulated, opposing those who argue for the internationalisation orglobalisation of the discipline without explicitly insisting on present North-Southdivides (Albrow/King 1990; Archer 1991; Genov 1991) on the one hand, and thosewho insist on the disadvantaged position of, for instance, African (Adésínà 2002) orIndian (Oommen 1991) sociologies, on the other hand. The debate around theglobalisation of sociology, political and often polemical at first sight, illustrates theincreasingly difficult articulation between the universalistic claims of the discipline assuch and its particular developments locally or nationally (Berthelot 1998; Keim2006), and is thus of epistemological importance as well.