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The development has been one of these harmful words that for decades has poisoned society. The development is understood as a goal that all countries must reach an inevitable destiny where reigns the maximization of wealth, promotes individualism over community sense and rapidly destroy our Mother Earth. That development has become a trap that transcends the economic and the political and culturally has taken root in the minds of the population. This paper presents various assessments of the notion of development, highlights the assumptions behind their connotations.Questions the fact that poverty, or poverties, reduction is not enough to copy recipes and models, many of them failed, it is looking for other alternatives, is looking at the world through different eyes; It is to represent Honduras as our own to transform it. In this country lied, oppressed, robbed, abducted and punished for corruption, poverty has continued to grow despite the many interventions called development. Therefore, we need a different way of acting; create a thought that denature the shameful social exclusion suffered by these people, we need a real cognitive justice; study reality in ascending to comprehend and understand; it is necessary to reconsider and analyze assumptions of so many men and women who have loved and served his nation; because talking and do more of it will mean to be faithful witnesses of exclusion and poverty, myths and development ghosts that refuse to disappear in this noble country called Honduras. Economía y Administración (E&A) Vol.6(1) 2015 ; El desarrollo ha sido una de esas palabras nocivas que durante varias décadas ha envenenado a la sociedad. El desarrollo se entiende como una meta que todos los países deben alcanzar, un destino inevitable en donde impera la maximización de la riqueza, se promueve el individualismo por encima del sentido comunitario y se destruye a pasos agigantados nuestra Madre Tierra. Ese desarrollo se ha convertido en una trampa que trasciende lo económico y lo político y se ha arraigado culturalmente en el imaginario de la población. Este trabajo presenta diversas valoraciones de la noción del desarrollo, resalta las premisas que están detrás de sus connotaciones.Cuestiona el hecho de que para reducir la pobreza, o las pobrezas, no basta con copiar recetas y modelos, muchos de ellos fracasados, se trata de buscar otras alternativas posibles, es mirar al mundo con otros ojos; es representar a nuestra Honduras como propia para poder transformarla. En este país mentido, oprimido, robado, castigado y secuestrado por la corrupción, la pobreza no ha parado de crecer a pesar de las múltiples intervenciones del llamado desarrollo. Por ello, necesitamos una manera diferente de actuar; crear un pensamiento que desnaturalice la vergonzosa exclusión social que sufre este pueblo, necesitamos una verdadera justicia cognitiva; estudiar la realidad de forma ascendente para comprender y comprendernos; es necesario retomar y analizar postulados de tantos hombres y mujeres que han amado y servido a su nación; porque hablar y hacer más de lo mismo implicará ser fieles testigos de la exclusión y la pobreza, de los mitos y fantasmas del desarrollo que se niegan a desaparecer en este noble país llamado Honduras.Economía y Administración (E&A) Vol.6(1) 2015

The article analyzes situation in respect to theory and practice of genealogic culture development of young students on a basis of genealogic pedagogics in modern education. Genealogic culture as one of the components of general human culture possesses moral value-beginning, influences development of moral consciousness and feelings which provide ethical behavior of a person. The paper defines the concept of "genealogic identity" and "genealogical identification" which are essential for development of genealogic culture of personality. Genealogic identity reflects "picture of historic consciousness" built by means human necessity to reproduce and memorize the ancestors ' life. The picture of historic consciousness is based on genealogy, perception of own life by means of family history, small motherland, nation, country and homeland. The authors define genealogic identification as a process of self-consciousness as a subject of historic process which takes special place in modern social situation. The authors explain the concept of valuable-genealogic approach to development of personality genealogy in holistic educational environment of a family and institution. Family history genealogic research in native history is aimed at effectiveness of spiritually-moral education of young people through awareness of generations ' continuity; and it is represented as innovative technology development of genealogic culture. Problems of genealogic culture development and building of civil and professional world view of prospective specialists are revealed in the study guide on the course "Family history in native history: genealogy in higher education". Prospective specialists were investigated taking into consideration family institute in social life and life of the country. The course is aimed at students ' inclusion into genealogic culture as it is considered to be the most important moral valuable component (individual one, family one, life component, ethnic component, human one, tolerant component and the state one) in the period of building democracy and development of civil society in Russia. ; Реферат. В статье анализируется состояние теории и практики развития генеалогической культуры учащейся молодежи в аспекте основ генеалогической педагогики в современном образовании. Генеалогическая культура как одна из составляющих общей культуры человека несет в себе ценностно-смысловое, моральное начало, влияет на развитие нравственного сознания и чувств, обуславливающих этику поведения личности. В статье определяются понятия «генеалогическая идентичность» и «генеалогическая идентификация», имеющие существенное значение для развития генеалогической культуры личности. Генеалогическая идентичность отражает сформированную у человека под воздействием потребности воспроизвести и запечатлеть в сознании жизнь предков -«картину исторического сознания», основанную на генеалогии, самоощущении личностью собственной жизни с проекцией на историю своей семьи, своей малой родины, своего народа, страны, Отечества. Генеалогическая идентификация личности определяется как процесс осознания себя в качестве субъекта полновесного исторического процесса, занимающего определенное место в современной социальной ситуации. Авторами обосновывается концепция ценностно-генеалогического подхода к процессу развития генеалогической культуры личности в целостной образовательной среде семьи и образовательного учреждения. Генеалогическое исследование истории семьи в истории Отечества с целью оптимизации духовно-нравственного воспитания молодежи через осознание преемственности поколений представлено как инновационная технология развития генеалогической культуры. Проблемы развития генеалогической культуры и на этой основе формирования гражданского и профессионального мировоззрения будущих специалистов с учетом роли института семьи в жизни социума и государства раскрывают ся в учебном пособии к курсу «История семьи в истории Отечества: генеалогия в учебном процессе высшей школы». Курс направлен на приобщение студентов к генеалогической культуре, как важнейшей нравственно-ценностной составляющей (индивидуальной, семейной, житейской, национальной, общечеловеческой, толерантной, государственной) в период становления демократии и развития гражданского общества в России.

The article is devoted to updating the late 1980s ­ early 1990s, the problem of mass casualties of political repression. The paper found that the analysis of this problem provides a wealth of material for understanding how historical myths affect the structure of social consciousness and social existence.The methodology of this study is based on general principles (historicity, objectivity, scientific) historical and scientific methods (historical­genetic, historical, typological, historical, comparative, chronological). After a detailed historiographical analysis revealed that the origins of the formation of the myth of tens of millions of people convicted for notorious 58th item is the adjustment journalism. Data on the number of victims of repression in the late 1980s ­ early 1990s became paradigmatic significance. Historical themes were an important factor in the separation of political forces, the findings with respect to the magnitude of losses in the USSR during the "Great Terror" in the media has become one of the main arguments in disputes between "Democrats" and "conservative." Despite the fact that in the early 1990s there were professional historical research, which based on archival sources was established number of repressed 3.8 million people in broad sectors of society take root idea of tens of millions of those arrested for political reasons. ; Статтю присвячено актуалізації наприкінці 1980 ­ на початку 1990­х рр. проблеми кількості жертв масових політичних репресій. У роботі встановлено, що аналіз зазначеної проблеми надає багатий матеріал для розуміння того, як історичні міфи впливають на суспільну свідомість та структуру соціального буття.Методологія даного дослідження ґрунтується на загальнонаукових принципах (історичності, об'єктивності, науковості) та історико­наукових методах (історико­генетичний, історико­типологічний, історико­порівняльний, хронологічний). Після детального історіографічного аналізу встановлено, що у витоків формування міфа про десятки мільйонів засуджених за сумнозвісною 58­ю статтею стоїть перебудовна публіцистика. Дані про кількість репресованих наприкінці 1980 ­ на початку 1990­х рр. набули парадигмального значення. Історичні сюжети були важливим фактором розмежування політичних сил, висновки відносно величини втрат СРСР у роки «Великого терору» в засобах масової інформації стали одним з основних аргументів у спорах між «демократами» і «консерваторами». Незважаючи на те, що на початку 1990­х рр. з'явилися фахові історичні дослідження, в яких на основі архівних джерел було встановлено кількість репресованих у 3,8 мільйона чоловік, в широких верствах суспільства укорінилося уявлення про десятки мільйонів заарештованих за політичними мотивами. ; Статтю присвячено актуалізації наприкінці 1980 ­ на початку 1990­х рр. проблеми кількості жертв масових політичних репресій. У роботі встановлено, що аналіз зазначеної проблеми надає багатий матеріал для розуміння того, як історичні міфи впливають на суспільну свідомість та структуру соціального буття.Методологія даного дослідження ґрунтується на загальнонаукових принципах (історичності, об'єктивності, науковості) та історико­наукових методах (історико­генетичний, історико­типологічний, історико­порівняльний, хронологічний). Після детального історіографічного аналізу встановлено, що у витоків формування міфа про десятки мільйонів засуджених за сумнозвісною 58­ю статтею стоїть перебудовна публіцистика. Дані про кількість репресованих наприкінці 1980 ­ на початку 1990­х рр. набули парадигмального значення. Історичні сюжети були важливим фактором розмежування політичних сил, висновки відносно величини втрат СРСР у роки «Великого терору» в засобах масової інформації стали одним з основних аргументів у спорах між «демократами» і «консерваторами». Незважаючи на те, що на початку 1990­х рр. з'явилися фахові історичні дослідження, в яких на основі архівних джерел було встановлено кількість репресованих у 3,8 мільйона чоловік, в широких верствах суспільства укорінилося уявлення про десятки мільйонів заарештованих за політичними мотивами.

Orientada por la pregunta hacia dónde va la cultura escrita en la escuela, la presente tesis se propone el estudio del proceso de producción y circulación de sentidos sobre el cambio cultural y la escuela a propósito de las transformaciones culturales contemporáneas. Para ello, releva y analiza las prácticas discursivas producidas en el contexto argentino de la última década en torno a la cultura escolar, entendida como una construcción en la que se entremezclan las significaciones de la cultura político-normativa, la cultura de la intermediación pedagógica, y la cultura empírico-práctica de los docentes. Desde la perspectiva social, la tesis aporta a los esfuerzos por comprender los cambios en la educación, al ofrecer conocimientos que especifican el debate actual sobre el necesario cambio de la escuela a propósito de las resignificaciones de la cultura escrita. Desde el punto de vista de la investigación educativa, la tesis articula perspectivas que no siempre han entrado en diálogo en el estudio sobre la escuela y los docentes. Así, pretende discutir la tradición analítica que estudia la dinámica de la escuela y sus docentes asociada a recepciones conservadoras, resistentes o reactivas al cambio propuesto desde fuera de sus márgenes sino que, por el contrario, se propone incluirla en un proceso dinámico, abierto y deliberativo a través del cual se construyen, dialogan y confrontan las representaciones colectivas de diferentes grupos. Asimismo, propone contribuir al desarrollo de los estudios sobre la cultura escolar a partir de un abordaje que integra perspectivas de los estudios de la historia cultural de la educación con los de la historia de la lectura, ofreciendo un acceso alternativo al campo de lo escolar. Guided by the question what path is written culture taking in schools, this thesis intends to study the process of production and circulation of senses related to cultural change and school taking into account contemporary cultural transformations. To that aim, it gathers and analyses the discursive practices produced during the last decade of Argentinean school culture, which is understood as a construction that combines the significances of the normative-political culture, of the pedagogical intervention culture and of the teacher's empirical-practical culture. From the social perspective, this thesis contributes to the efforts to understand the changes education has undergone, as it offers knowledge that specifies the current debate on the school's necessary change according to the redefinitions of the written culture. From the educational investigation point of view, this thesis articulates perspectives that have not always been part of the studies on schools and teachers. Therefore, it aims at arguing the analytical tradition that studies the school and the teachers' dynamic associated with conservative receptions, which are resistant or reactive when it comes to changes posed from outside their limits; and, on the contrary, it aims at including it in a dynamic, open and discursive process through which collective representations of different groups are built, discussed and compared. Additionally, it intends to contribute to the development of the studies into school culture from an approach that combines perspectives on the studies into the cultural history of education with studies into the history of reading, offering a variant access to the school field.

This article discusses the stages of privatization of State and municipal property in the Russian Federation, identifies the main objectives and challenges for each of the stages. The analysis showed that the rapid redistribution of property pursued not so much economic, how many political goals. Ordinary shareholders are not steel, and could not become real owners. Therefore, the Russian model of privatization is not helped strengthen social security and infrastructure development, but rather led to their destruction, and the bankruptcy and liquidation of the enterprises contributed to more insecurity. Are the characteristics of the current stage of the transformation of State ownership in major integrated business group. Explores the results of privatization and the new wave of privatization. The integrated business groups such as the strategic ventures, strategic joint- stock companies. The work emphasizes that a significant number of State corporations associated with risk of arbitrary orders of their leaders, not public funds, giant with real responsibility for their performance. Because key positions in key sectors of the Russian economy are employed by State companies, if these companies compete with each other, not on market regulation that harms both their consumers and undermines the incentives to the development of their suppliers. Thus, despite the fact that State-owned companies the State has full control, and the Russian Government has promised to make the company a model of corporate governance quality, problems of their operation are obvious. Based on the analysis of statistical data expedience of privatization of the subjects of natural monopolies, which will improve competition Wednesday in the Russian economy. ; This article discusses the stages of privatization of State and municipal property in the Russian Federation, identifies the main objectives and challenges for each of the stages. The analysis showed that the rapid redistribution of property pursued not so much economic, how many political goals. Ordinary shareholders are not steel, and could not become real owners. Therefore, the Russian model of privatization is not helped strengthen social security and infrastructure development, but rather led to their destruction, and the bankruptcy and liquidation of the enterprises contributed to more insecurity. Are the characteristics of the current stage of the transformation of State ownership in major integrated business group. Explores the results of privatization and the new wave of privatization. The integrated business groups such as the strategic ventures, strategic joint- stock companies. The work emphasizes that a significant number of State corporations associated with risk of arbitrary orders of their leaders, not public funds, giant with real responsibility for their performance. Because key positions in key sectors of the Russian economy are employed by State companies, if these companies compete with each other, not on market regulation that harms both their consumers and undermines the incentives to the development of their suppliers. Thus, despite the fact that State-owned companies the State has full control, and the Russian Government has promised to make the company a model of corporate governance quality, problems of their operation are obvious. Based on the analysis of statistical data expedience of privatization of the subjects of natural monopolies, which will improve competition Wednesday in the Russian economy.

Рассматривается фрейм «учитель ученик», используемый для описания проводимой Россией внутренней и внешней политики в ряде западных периодических изданий. В условиях современных международных, политических и экономических шоков, а также охлаждения отношений между Западом и Россией мы можем наблюдать усиление информационного противостояния почти на всех важнейших информационных и дипломатических площадках. Обе стороны стремятся легитимизировать проводимую политику, прибегая к тем или иным информационным и порой пропагандистским стратегиям. Данное исследование рассматривает природу фрейма, его использование в процессе конструирования медиатекста, а также выгоды и причины использования фрейма «учитель ученик». ; Scale and intensity of an information confrontation between western countries (the USA and the EU countries) and Russia is so high that it reminds the information conflict of the Cold War. Nowadays, Russia finds itself in a difficult political and economic situation and has to respond to serious internal and international economic and political shocks. Along with these one can see the ever-increasing mediatization of political relations, in this condition Russia has to defend its right to an independent international policy in the unfriendly western media landscape. Nowadays, one of the most effective media strategies is mediaframing. The reason of its effectiveness is based on a fact that it creates cognitive perception frames within which an individual interprets a media message. Metaphors, links, hints, and others means allow connecting new information with existing social experience, which helps the individual understand the main idea of mediatexts. Thus, a journalist or a person who creates a media text can enclose a significant amount of information into a short text and make it emotional. That is why such texts are able to avoid critical perception. Going back to the frame "Teacher-Student", the author underlines that it has a long history. In different periods, Russia was considered as a diligent student, or an arrogant student who does everything wrong. Since the late 1990s Russia was becoming a poor, stubborn, grumpy and lazy student who did not pay attention to the study of democracy and was about to receive F for its homework. These changes can be explained by Russia's desire to build an independent foreign and internal policy. What is more interesting, this frame is used in articles devoted to other topics, such as relations Russia-Ukraine-USA and Russia-Ukraine-EU, and some other topics related to political issues of Eastern European countries. In these articles, Russia is used as an example of a wrong way of development, as a country which does not want to take experience of western countries, and sometimes Russia serves as a boogeyman for the civilized countries. In these circumstances, one cannot say about equality in international relations since Russia is considered as a student who cannot have an equal dialog with a teacher. Thus, mediaframing is an effective instrument of events and images mediation in the conditions of the ever-increasing virtualization of social relations. Nowadays, this strategy is used by a number of western countries in order to legitimize their policy towards Russia. Positioning of relations between the West and Russia as relations of a teacher and a student undoubtedly reduces the effectiveness of the Russian international policy, lowering its status in the eyes of the general public.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to gain empirical data about the effort to improve the behavior of Respect students through Three Semester Conditioning Gansal academic year 2015/2016 at the Faculty of social science and political science University, August 17, 1945. The object in this study is the whole student faculty of social science and political science Public Administration science courses totalling 35 people. The research method used was the Research Action (Action Research). This action research conducted with 3 cycles, where each cycle consisted of Planning (Planning) Act (Action), observation, (Observing), and reflection. From the results of the assessment cycle I found that out of the 35 students academic year 2015/2016, 25 students or 71,42% meet the graduation criteria is minimal. While 10 students or 28,57% has not met the graduation criteria in the process and associated costs. This means that 25 students have been showing the symptoms of change in College, while 10 students has not shown significant changes. So need to make improvements to the Planning Cycle through lecture II because it has not yet reached 75% meet the criteria of graduation courses. While the average value of graduation college student earnings only reached 75% of students meet college graduation. While the average value of graduation students gain only mecapai 69.30%. After through the implementation cycle cycle I, II and III showed that an effort improve the culture of respect students through learning civics changes i.e. manners of college students in the process of a lecture from the culture of respect for 57% in cycle I became 70% in cycle II. While in the III cycle obtained average results of 94%. Keywords : Culture of honor and Conditioning On Civics ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data secara empiris tentang Upaya Meningkatan Perilaku Hormat Siswa Melalui Pembiasaan Semester Tiga Gansal Tahun Akademik 2015/2016 di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Publik berjumlah 35 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan (Action Research ). Penelitian Tindakan, yaitu jenis penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian tindakan ini dilakukan dengan 3 siklus, dimana masing-masing siklus terdiri dari Perencanaan (Planning) Tindakan (Action), Observasi, (Observing), dan Refleksi. (Reflekting) Dari hasil penilaian pada siklus I ditemukan bahwa dari 35 mahasiswa Tahun Akademik 2015 /2016, 25 mahasiswa atau 71,42 % memenuhi batas kriteria kelulusan minimal. Sedangkan 10 mahasiswa atau 28,57 % belum memenuhi batas kriteria kelulusan dalam proses perkuliahan . Hal ini mengandung arti bahwa 25 mahasiswa tersebut telah menunjukkan gejala perubahan dalam kuliahnya, sedangkan 10 siswa belum menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan. Sehingga perlu melakukan perbaikan perencanaan perkuliahan melalui Siklus II karena belum mencapai 75 % memenuhi kriteria kelulusan perkuliahan. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelulusan kuliah perolehan mahasiswa hanya mencapai 75 % siswa memenuhi kelulusan kuliah . Sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelulusan perolehan mahasiswa hanya mecapai 69,30 %. Setelah melalui pelaksanaan siklus I, II dan siklus III penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya meningkatkan budaya hormat mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran pendidikan Pancasila terjadi perubahan yakni tata krama mahasiswa dalam proses perkuliahan dari budaya hormat 57% pada siklus I menjadi 71% pada siklus II. Sedangkan pada siklus III diperoleh hasil rata-rata 94%. Kata Kunci : Budaya Hormat, dan Pembiasaan Pada Materi Pendidikan Pancasila

Objective: to analyze the citizenship of children based on the relationship of thepolitical system with childhood from the micropower approach, according toFoucault's theoretical and methodological approach.Methodology: it is based on the genealogical method. A historical approach of experience about child protection is undertaken regarding the concepts of disciplinary and security measures. Thus, the emergence of certain knowledge domains is established through the analysis of power relations in discursive practices. In this sense, the material measures of subjection are reviewed by displaying the concentration of those he-terogeneous elements on the power mechanisms of the state's political structure.Results: the colonial foundation for assisting orphans and foundlings and their movement towards the conformation of the modern foundation of minority is evidenced. Likewise, there is a new invention of non-territorial interventions: safety measures. Conclusions: the proposed analysis is relevant to the understanding of the contemporary transformations of social policies for children. The art of liberal government is the backdrop on which the disciplinary measures are unfolded in an updated form. ; Objetivo: analizar la ciudadanía de niños y niñas según un enfoque teórico-metodológico foucaultiano, desde la relación del sistema político con la infancia desde el punto de vista de los micropoderes.Metodología: se basa en el método genealógico. Con base en los conceptos de dispositivos disciplinarios y de seguridad, se realiza un abordaje histórico de la experiencia en torno a la protección infantil. Así, se establece el surgimiento de determinados dominios de saber mediante el análisis de las relaciones de poder en las prácticas discursivas. En este sentido, se revisan los dispositivos materiales de sujeción para visualizar la condensación de esos elementos heterogéneos en los mecanismos de poder del andamiaje político del Estado. Resultados: se evidencia el ensamblaje colonial para el recogimiento de huérfanos y expósitos y su desplazamiento hacia la conformación del ensamblaje moderno de la minoridad. Así mismo, se produce una nueva invención de intervenciones des-territorializadas: los dispositivos de seguridad.Conclusiones: el análisis propuesto es pertinente para comprender las transformaciones de las políticas sociales de infancia contemporáneas. El arte de gobierno liberal es el telón de fondo sobre el que se despliegan, en forma renovada, los dispositivos disciplinares. ; Objetivo: analisar a cidadania de meninos e meninas segundo um enfoque teóricometodológico foucaultiano, desde a relação do sistema político com a infânciadesde o ponto de vista dos micropoderes.Metodologia: fundamenta se no método genealógico. Com fundamento nos conceitos de dispositivos disciplinarios e de segurança, realisa se uma abordagem histórica da experiência em torno à proteção infantil. Assim, se estabelece o surgimento de determinados domínios de saber mediante o analise das relações de poder nas praticas discursivas. Neste sentido, revisam se os dispositivos materiais de sujeição para visualizar a condensação desses elementos heterogêneos nos mecanismos de poder da estrutura política do Estado. Resultados: evidencia se a ensamblagem colonial para recolher órfãos e expostos e seu deslocamento para a conformação da ensamblage moderna da minoridade. Assim mesmo, produz se uma nova invenção de intervenções desterritorizadas: os dispositivos de segurança.Conclusões: o analise proposto é pertinente para compreender as transformações das políticas sociais de infancia contemporâneas. A arte de governo libera é o pano de fundo sobre o que se despregam em forma renovada os dispositivos disciplinares.

Nowadays, urban contexts should be object of new reflections and re-conceptualizations. To think of "the right to the city" implies wondering not only about the kind of society and bonds to be built, but also about the ways to inhabit spaces –and bodies-.Neoliberal policies, mainly those empowered by dictatorships since the 70´s up to the beginning of the XXIst Century over the territories of Latin American metropolis, have resulted in profound socio-spacial contrasts, being the accessibility to urban goods and services and their distribution on the territory uneven and unequal, the city having been reduced to merchandise. The metropolitan area of Tucumán –a metropolitan region in Argentina- is a clear example of these processes.Dealing with urban problems from a gender perspective shall let us visualize the inequality within the frame of capitalist urbanization and the hetero-patriarchal dominant logic. Actually, this should be a matter of concern to be raised by State governments and public policies.This article proposes elements to think of a new urbanism: an urban development towards more flexible territories, where people´s diversity, citizen´s participation and the development of local policies should be taken into consideration. Answers should be favourable to social –and spacial- justice, and sensitive to inclusion policies which guarantee "the right to the city" for everyone. ; En la actualidad nos encontramos frente a escenarios urbanos que requieren de nuevas reflexiones y re-conceptualizaciones. La rápida urbanización y metropolización por la que atraviesan nuestras ciudades nos interpela a construir soluciones de una manera creativa, revisando categorías, desde una mirada más inclusiva y democrática, con vistas a generar instrumentos de planificación que amplíen derechos de ciudadanía para todas las personas. En este sentido, se parte de reflexionar acerca del "derecho a la ciudad", concepto acuñado por Lefebvre, y que ha sido resignificado por muchas/os autoras/es y adaptado a distintas problemáticas urbanas. ; Al giorno d'oggi, i contesti urbani dovrebbero essere oggetto di nuove riflessioni e ri-concettualizzazioni. Pensare al "diritto alla città" induce ad interrogarsi non solo sul tipo di società e di impegni da costruire, ma anche sui modi di abitare gli spazi ei corpi.Le politiche neoliberiste, soprattutto quelle accordate dalle dittature dagli anni '70 fino all'inizio del XXI secolo sui territori delle metropoli dell'America Latina, hanno portato a profondi contrasti socio-spaziali, rendendo l'accessibilità a beni e servizi urbani e la loro distribuzione sul territorio irregolare e diseguale, avendo ridotto la città a merce. L'area metropolitana di Tucumán - una regione metropolitana in Argentina - è un chiaro esempio di questi processi.Discutere i problemi urbani da una prospettiva di genere ci permette di visualizzare la disuguaglianza all'interno della cornice di urbanizzazione capitalista e della logica dominante etero-patriarcale. In realtà, questo dovrebbe essere un motivo di preoccupazione posto all'attenzione da parte dei governi nazionali e delle politiche pubbliche.In questo articolo si propongono elementi per pensare ad una nuova urbanistica: uno sviluppo urbano verso territori più flessibili, in cui la diversità popolare, la partecipazione dei cittadini e lo sviluppo di politiche locali dovrebbero essere presi in considerazione. Le risposte dovrebbero favorire una giustizia sociale e spaziale, ed essere sensibili alle politiche di inclusione che garantiscano "il diritto alla città" per tutti.

The hunting fauna of agricultural landscapes generally undergo binary anthropogenic load, the direct extraction of the population through the extraction and transformation as a result of radical animal habitats in the agricultural activities. In this regard, resources field wildfowl requiring painstaking organizational and management measures for their protection, restoration and sustainable using.The problem of improving hunting and economic activity is closely intertwined with issues of reorganization of the entire economy of Ukraine. Therefore, we believe that special attention should be paid to the implementation of integrated environmental and economic mechanisms of protection, reproduction and use of resources of hunting animals. Only with holding radically new State Environmental Policy hunting can be a profitable link in the national economy. So, control hunting farms in the EU based on the principles of humanization legal relations with its organization, functioning and development. Compared to Ukraine, it looks promising regarding environmental protection and rational use of hunting resources. Therefore, considering the public administration sector in the context of European integration, must realize - adaptation of the hunting legislation to the legal framework of the EU can be effective, especially for the stipulation that the social and environmental aspects, educational and humanistic approaches underlying its formation and implementation Test advanced approaches developed EU countries to control hunting economy now seems to be impossible in Ukraine due to the imperfection of the domestic legislation, including the lack of legislative provision of economic incentives integrated use of natural resources. However, most of the existing legal mechanisms have little impact on biodiversity in agricultural landscapes of the state, because hardly used in practice. According to a market economy, looks realistic implementation indirect (implementation of alternative farming systems, forest melioration) faunal diversity preservation mechanisms than direct action (creation of protected areas, protection of species), because they are generally aimed at improving production, resource conservation for agricultural businesses or closely related to human health. Biodiversity in this case is very relevant, but the by-product of agricultural activities. According to the law of Ukraine on legal regulation of social relations in health and special use of wildlife, being on stage, remains ineffective in solving a number of global challenges of our time, which requires further improvement and adaptation to EU legislation. Future approaches to the development and application of environmental policy instruments, namely legislation, national programs, development plans for specific sectors, etc., should include maximum synergy and complementarity of legal instruments to achieve environmental and agricultural problems of the state. Overall, an analysis of economic and legal aspects of domestic resources field wildfowl, and hunting menage activities generally indicate the presence of the huge problems in almost all niches (legal , environmental , economic , etc.) of the sector , however, clearly outlining them , create reasonable preconditions for the development of strategic scientific and practical measures to eliminate shortcomings . ; Проаналізовано ключові основи управління мисливськими ресурсами агроландшафтів України і розвинених країн зарубіжжя, здійснено їх порівняльну оцінку у правовій, організаційно-господарській та екологічній сферах. Результати досліджень господарсько-правових аспектів управління вітчизняними ресурсами польової дичини, та мисливськогосподарської діяльності загалом, свідчать про наявність колосальних проблем майже у всіх нішах функціонування галузі, втім, чітко їх окреслюючи, створюють обґрунтовані передумови для розробки системи стратегічних науково-практичних заходів з усунення виявлених недоліків.

In this paper I will consider the 1950s as a seminal period for the configuration of violence in modern drama and as a crucial moment for the fusion between violence and realism. In post-war drama, we will not see violence portrayed as an extreme action or as unbelievable acts. Violence becomes the natural way to express social and individual tensions, through class conflicts, strong language and war motives. Themes such as the display of physical violence, the failure of the human body, exposing dysfunctional families and war effects, becomes more and more common and attached to everyday life. This was fertile ground for John Osborne, Edward Bond or Arthur Miller, or for the British dramaturgy of the nineties, especially with the so-called in-yer-face theatre.Thus, I will focus on the effects this global discussion had on Portuguese culture and theatre. I will discuss two performances that are both representative of the Portuguese alternative culture of the time and that stage texts that deal with realistic violence: Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman by Experimental Theatre of Oporto (TEP), in 1954; and Mark Ravenhill's Shopping and Fucking, directed by Gonçalo Amorim, in 2007. Both performances represent straightforward approaches to the texts and raise several interesting aspects: how is violence portrayed inPortugal, in 1954, when a fascist dictatorship imposed a severe censorship on performances? And how is Ravenhill's violence replaced by irony in the performance by Gonçalo Amorim? ; En este artículo voy a conside- rar la década de 1950 como un período fundamental para la configuración de la violencia en el teatro moderno y como un momento crucial para la fusión entre la violencia y el realismo. En el drama de la posguerra, la violencia no se presenta como acciones extremas o actos increí- bles. La violencia se convierte en la forma natural de expresar las tensiones sociales e individuales, a través de los conflictos de clase, el uso del lenguaje y las alusio- nes a la guerra. Elementos tales como la visualización de la violencia física, el fra- caso del cuerpo humano, la familia dis- funcional y los efectos de guerra, se vuel- ven cada vez más comunes en la ficción como reflejo de la vida cotidiana. Estas referencias se vuelven recurrentes entre dramaturgos como John Osborne, Ed- ward Bond o Arthur Miller, así como para la corriente del teatro in-yer-face en los años noventa en Gran Bretaña. Este artículo centra su interés en el diá- logo que se establece entre la cultura portuguesa y el teatro de estas caracte- rísticas. Para ello, se describen dos pues- tas en escena representativas de la unión de este teatro y su representación en Portugal: Death of a Salesman, by the Teatro Experimental del Oporto (TEP), en 1954, de Arthur Miller; y de Mark Raven- hill, Shopping and Fucking, dirigido por Gonçalo Amorim, en 2007. Ambas repre- sentaciones siguen el texto fielmente y plantean varias preguntas interesantes: ¿cómo es violencia que se presenta en Portugal, en 1954, cuando una dictadura fascista impuso una censura severa en las actuaciones? ¿Y cómo está la violencia de Ravenhill sustituido por ironía en la ac- tuación de Amorim?

Programa de Doctorado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas ; Desde los años ochenta, la privatización ha marcado las economías de todo el mundo en el intento de lograr una mayor eficiencia. La tendencia mundial en las últimas dos décadas ha sido promover la privatización de las empresas gubernamentales bajo la premisa de que la empresa pública presenta una ineficiencia productiva y un escaso beneficio debido a sus elevados costes de control (Cuervo, 1997), asumiendo adicionalmente que la empresa privada en determinadas condiciones incrementaría el bienestar social (Boubakri & Cosset, 1998), y que uno de los efectos de este cambio de propiedad sería el incremento del rendimiento (Boubakri, et al., 2008). Lamentablemente, los resultados esperados de esta política neo-conservadora, no han sido los deseados en todos los casos, produciéndose, como se ha podido detectar en algunos países, iniciativas de renacionalización (Datz, 2009), que afectan justamente a empresas que años atrás fueron previamente privatizadas. Reconocidos economistas han mencionado los graves problemas que puede ocasionar este modelo neoliberal de privatización, donde el Estado reduce su intervención (Stiglitz J., 2003), en tanto que, evidencias empíricas demuestran que se han cometido errores en las privatizaciones realizadas. Ante esto, varios autores se han referido a la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio sobre la variación obtenida en los resultados de los procesos privatizadores (Cuervo & Villalonga, 2000), y otros autores también mencionan la importancia de investigar otros tipos de privatización existentes (Zahra et al., 2000). Por esta razón, en este trabajo se ha considerado de gran importancia el hecho de poder estudiar, desde una perspectiva de agencia, las causas y actores involucrados en la implementación de políticas neoliberales y privatizadoras en un país emergente. Se explican diferentes formas de privatización y se procede al análisis de una en concreto (concesión de servicios), aplicada a un recurso natural estratégico, como es la gestión del agua y la infraestructura de riego a nivel nacional, realizada por una institución pública. Se asume que también la privatización bajo determinadas circunstancias puede no estar vinculada con el incremento de la eficiencia y efectividad. Desde la perspectiva de agencia, encontramos evidencias de que una de las políticas neoliberales más importantes, las privatizaciones, no siempre están relacionadas con el incremento de las capacidades de control por parte de los nuevos propietarios o un incremento de la efectividad organizacional en la provisión del servicio privatizado, creando una disminución del bienestar social de los usuarios del servicio. Se argumenta que entidades privadas también pueden llegar a ser altamente politizadas, y que aunque la doble relación de agencia pareciera desaparecer, variables como el poder de los incentivos, objetivos de la organización, capacidades de los nuevos propietarios y/o directivos, eficiencia de los contratos, posibilidades de generar competencia y el peligro de la reducción de las inversiones, deberían ser analizadas imparcialmente en cada caso antes de iniciar un proceso privatizador, ya que en un mismo país, en el mismo servicio (recurso), en la misma región, aplicando el mismo proceso de privatización, se pueden obtener resultados divergentes, no siendo la privatización el único mecanismo viable. ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Marketing

Hoe kon de stad Groningen onderdeel worden van de Republiek? Lang was het onduidelijk of Groningen bij de Nederlandse of de Duitse gebieden ging horen, maar sinds 1594 maakt Groningen defintief deel uit vanRepubliek. Niet geheel vrijwillig, want niet iedereen in de stad was er blij mee en in het begin van de zeventiende eeuw werden regelmatig troepen vanuit Den Haag naar de stad gestuurd om de stad in het gareel te krijgen. Dat was niet gemakkelijk, want de stad liet zich niet zo makkelijk dwingen. De bestuurders in Den Haag zagen dat, en daarom probeerden ze via de bestuurlijke elite greep op de stad te krijgen. In dit proefschrift wordt deze bestuurlijke elite in de eerste eeuw na de aansluiting bij de Republiek bestudeerd. Het gangbare beeld is dat er een familieregering was, een patrimonial state, waarbij familiehoofden belangrijke posities op lokaal-, maar door de bijzondere inrichting van de Republiek, ook op bovenlokaal niveau bekleedden. In Groningen was echter, zo blijkt, geen sprake van een duidelijke familieregering. De oorzaak hiervan was deels demografisch: door een hoge sterfte konden families niet generaties lang stedelijke posities bekleedden. Daarboven was er in de stad een breed gedragen civic culture van brede betrokkenheid bij het bestuur en vanuit die gedachte probeerde men een stevige greep van een beperkt aantal families op het bestuur te voorkomen. Die brede betrokkenheid kwam tot uitdrukking in deelname aan verschillende stedelijke instellingen. Dit vormde het sociaal kapitaal van de stad, dat niet alleen verbindend was binnen de groep (bonding), maar ook overbruggend tussen de groepen (bridging). Zo werd de integratie in de Republiek (op den duur) verstevigd. ; How did the city of Groningen become a part of the Netherlands? For a long time it was unclear whether Groningen was to be a part of the Dutch or the German territories, but after 1594 Groningen definitely became a part of Dutch Republic. Not willingly however, and in the early seventeenth century troops were sent regularly from The Hague to to force the city into obedience. That was rather difficult, because the city was not easy to force. Therefore, the government in The Hague also tried to impose its authority by strenghtening its ties to the administrative elite in the city. In this thesis, this administrative elite has been studied in the century after Groningen joined the Republic. The prevailing view is that there was a family government, a so called patrimonial state. In a patrimonial state the heads of the families occupy the key positions on local, but also at federal level. Because they merged local and federal positions these family heads were important in the process of state building. In Groningen however, as this theis shows,there was no clear family government or patrimonial state. This was partly due to demographic reasons: because of a high mortality, families could not hold a position for more than three generations. Moreover, there was a broad-based civic culture of commitment to the city government and for that reason citizens tried to prevent a total control of a limited number of families on the city government. The civic culture was reflected in the participation of citizens in various urban institutions. This was the social capital of the city, which was not only able to bond people together, but also to form a bridge between the city and the federal government. In this way, the social capital of the city furthered its integration in the Dutch Republic.

Abstract untuk menguji implementasi UU No. 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor terkait dengan anak jalanan, merumuskan upaya untuk mengatasi anak jalanan dan menganalisis bentuk hambatan yang dihadapi. dengan anak jalanan. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif yang didukung dengan data empiris. Pendekatannya adalah pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Pengumpulan data atau informasi diperoleh dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlindungan Anak di Kabupaten dan Kota Bogor dilakukan di empat bidang yaitu agama, kesehatan, pendidikan dan sosial. Kota dan kabupaten Bogor memberikan bantuan untuk memastikan hak-hak anak jalanan terpenuhi. Di kota-kota dan Kabupaten Bogor, pencegahan anak jalanan dilakukan dengan pendekatan: (a) Intervensi yang berpusat pada jalan, yang berpusat di jalan di mana biasa anak jalanan beroperasi; (b) Intervensi yang berpusat pada keluarga, pada penyediaan bantuan sosial atau pemberdayaan keluarga, (c) Intervensi yang berpusat pada lembaga: penanganan anak jalanan yang berpusat di lembaga (lembaga), baik untuk sementara (mempersiapkan reunifikasi dengan keluarga mereka) atau secara permanen dan (d) Intervensi yang berpusat pada masyarakat, jalan- jalan yang berpusat di sebuah komunitas. Langkah-langkah konkrit yang diambil meliputi: (a) Secara rutin melakukan operasi perayapan pada titik distribusi anak-anak jalanan, (b) mengoptimalkan fungsi tempat bernaung untuk penampungan sementara anak-anak jalanan, (c) Menciptakan Kota yang Layak dengan membangun taman bermain anak-anak infrastruktur dan pemerintah kebijakan mengenai hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan fisik dan perlindungan untuk anak-anak, termasuk penanganan anak jalanan dan (d) Penyediaan modal ventura untuk memulai bisnis baru.Kata Kunci: Anak Jalanan, Perlindungan Hukum, Kota Bogor, Kabupaten Bogor. Abstractto test the implementation of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Amendment of Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Protection of Children in the City and Regency of Bogor relating to street children, formulating efforts to overcome street children and analyzing the forms of obstacles encountered. with street children. This research is normative juridical supported by empirical data. The approach is a sociological juridical approach. Collecting data or information obtained by library research and interviews. Data analysis was performed by qualitative analysis. The results showed that Child Protection in the Regency and City of Bogor was carried out in four areas namely religion, health, education and social affairs. Bogor City and Regency provide assistance to ensure street children's rights are fulfilled. In the cities and districts of Bogor, prevention of street children is carried out by approaching: (a) Road-centered interventions, centered on the street where ordinary street children operate; (b) Family-centered interventions, on providing social assistance or family empowerment, (c) Institutional-centered interventions: handling street children centered on institutions (institutions), either temporarily (preparing reunification with their families) or permanently and (d) Community-centered interventions, streets centered in a community. Concrete steps taken include: (a) Routinely conducting crawling operations at the distribution points of street children, (b) optimizing shelter functions for temporary shelter of street children, (c) Creating a City Worthy by building playgrounds children infrastructure and government policies on matters relating to physical growth and protection for children, including handling street children and (d) Provision of venture capital to start a new business.Keywords: Street Children, Legal Protection, Bogor City, Bogor Regency.

Because there are many ways of structuring and managing a land development process, this research asks the question: What influence do different decision making approaches have on the built form of the Wellington waterfront redevelopment? The form of the built environment is shaped by existing physical and economic conditions; the values of those involved in the planning and design of it; and, the activities of those who occupy it. However, the social structure and mechanisms of decision making (i.e. the governance) within the urban planning and design stages of the development process act as a filter for identifying and prioritizing factors that will have the greatest influence on the form. Because of the filter effect, this thesis argues the governance of a development process has observable effects on the built form of the associated development project. A review of urban design, urban morphology, and land development literature identified related research on the governance-built form relationship. Studies in urban design and development processes have generally identified single, overall governance approaches for development projects and have not effectively identified relationships with the built form. Recent work in the field of urban morphology has more effectively identified relationships between governance practices and the evolution of the built environment; however, these studies have tended to treat governance as a single process rather than a sequence of different governance approaches. Therefore, this study examined the redevelopment of the Wellington waterfront to look for and identify the different governance approaches that were used over the study period and how these influenced the resulting built form. To address the question of what effect different governance approaches had on the built form, the history of the redevelopment was analyzed in depth. Through analysis of written records, semi-structured interviews with participants involved in a variety of redevelopment related roles, and site visits, it was possible to characterize different governance approaches within the overall project and how these have influenced the form of the built environment. Triangulation of the three methods was used to provide a richer description of the redevelopment and improve confidence in the findings. Between 1974 and 2012, Wellington transitioned through seven separate governance approaches, each having some influence on the form of the redevelopment. Each governance approach was marked by different driving values and forms of stakeholder involvement that affected the redevelopment. For example, periods dominated by top-down or corporate approaches resulted in larger and more internally focused buildings and building sites than periods with more inclusive governance arrangements. Characterizing the governance approaches and their effects on the built form provided a useful tool for evaluating and understanding the development process and the evolution of the built form of the Wellington waterfront. This level of understanding of the different governance approaches and their influence on the built form has not been previously described in the literature. While the findings cannot be assumed to be descriptive of other development projects, they do identify patterns that should be investigated in other development contexts. The approach and findings from this thesis therefore contribute to the literature on the relationship between the processes and products of urban design, and the social structures of development processes.