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This article seeks to evaluate the prospects for a liberal world order. Sceptical visions of renewed conflict and major terrorist threat are rejected. But this does not pave the way for a peaceful, cooperative liberal order in any simple way. Liberal progress also produces illiberal counter-reactions, and strong political forces are pursuing a liberal order with elements that are essentially illiberal. There has been much too little debate about the substantial contents of a liberal world order. The article identifies two major currents in liberalism, Restraint and Imposition. Each is problematic and a stable liberal world order will have to find a course which avoids the pitfalls of these extremes.

This article underlines another aspect of New Age spirituality developed in Mexico: although emerging from the Global North, it is also a matrix that gives value to those elements excluded by modernity and produces decolonial critiques and deconstructions from the Global South. The authors analyse four strands of neo-Mexican spirituality in which the decolonial perspective is corroborated: (1) the rise of post-national ethnic nations; (2) the criticism of patriarchy and the emergence of ecofeminist spiritualities; (3) the critique of capitalism and the alternatives of sustainable economy; and (4) the consumption of sacred plants and medicines as a spot where the struggle of indigenous ontologies and modern epistemologies takes place.

Introduction: taking minorities out of the footnotes -- Presence, polarization, and the five channels for minority inclusion -- The cases of Estonia and Latvia -- The parliamentary channel -- The international channel -- The city channel -- The consultations channel -- The grassroots channel -- Conclusion: the presence/polarization dilemma and the quality of divided

Responding to Professor Leaper's basic article in the Spring 1985 issue, the Director of the Manpower Services Commission accepts that long‐term unemployment will continue at a high level. He analyses the big changes in the kind of jobs available, particularly over the last twenty years in manufacturing industry. Long‐term unemployed people need special programmes as well as being helped to adapt to new types of employment like other workers. The Community Programme of the MSC has been successful in meeting special needs, and is this year substantially increased in scope. It should be further improved by: having higher national standards, by getting employers to sponsor more projects, by using the Enterprise Allowance Scheme to help CP workers to go on to self‐employment. These improvements will encourage people generally to feed in new ideas for responding to the challenge of long‐term unemployment.

This article argues that labour, particularly female labour, was central to the expansion of colonial Guiana's post-emancipation penal system between 1838 and 1917. It highlights the intersection of coerced labour and colonialism in the post-emancipation period, by centring the lives of incarcerated women to understand the nature of state governance in colonial spaces. It argues the plantocracy leveraged the expansion of prisons not to control crime but to control labour. As the newly constructed prisons filled, colonial and local authorities explained increased incarceration rates as a legitimate response to increased crime, supported by an evangelical rhetoric that promoted incarceration to encourage reform when it was accompanied by religious instruction and education. In practice, authorities used the prison system as a means of labour discipline, labour extraction and as a threat to secure future docility. Female indentured labourers convicted of petty crimes, including breach of contract, were often sentenced to work on plantations; creole women worked on sea defence construction and maintenance. A common refrain in the colony was that free labour could not be obtained. The malleability of prisoners as a labour force was thus attractive to the government, as prisoners could be moved, deployed and disciplined in ways that were not possible for free labour.

The world has been witnessing a wave of regionalism in recent
years. Preferential trade arrangements (PTAs) have been a central
element of most regional agreements. This paper looks at the growing
international experience with PTAs. It first provides some basic facts
on the extent of regionalism and discusses the motives for entering into
regional arrangements. This is followed by an analysis of the impact of
PTAs on trade, growth, and welfare, based on traditional and new trade
theories. Although the paper finds that empirical studies seem to
conclude that in practice PTAs are not harmful or necessarily very
beneficial, the main conclusion of the paper is that regional
integration can work if done right, and can be pursued in parallel with,
or as a stepping-stone towards, multilateral trade liberalisation. The
paper provides four major recommendations to ensure that PTAs have a
positive impact on member (and nonmember) countries. These include: (i)
a large and diverse membership; (ii) continued reduction in external
tariffs; (iii) comprehensive product coverage, with simple and
transparent rules of origin; and (iv) effective
implementation.

Historic and fundamental issues of human rights will remain with us as long as man is his less than perfect self. No end is foreseen to the struggle between the evil in man's nature and his ideals of justice. But to these traditional problems of human rights a new element has been added. There are new challenges to the interrelation of men — challenges at once novel, frightening and complex. They hold enormous promise for good and evil. We have not begun to think out their implications; indeed, we have just become dimly conscious of them.

AbstractA means of improving the energy efficiency of an existing mechanically aerated activated‐sludge system by mounting the existing aeration units on jacked platforms is described. The level of the platforms, and hence the immersion of the aerators, is automatically controlled to maintain a constant concentration of dissolved oxygen in the mixed liquor. Comparison of the controlled stream, in which there were two aerators, against an otherwise identical control stream showed energy savings of 20% and 13% respectively when the control involved both or only one aerator, without adverse effect on final effluent quality.

Scat and regurgitate samples (n = 206) from
New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) were
collected at the Auckland Islands between December 1994 and February 1997.
Most (82%) samples were collected during three summer seasons while the
remainder (18%) were collected during a single winter season.
Thirty-three taxa were identified from 3523 prey items. The six most abundant
prey species accounted for 90% of all prey items. The two most
numerically abundant prey species, octopus
(Enteroctopus zelandicus) and opalfish
(Hemerocoetes species) made up almost 50% of
total prey items. Other important prey species included lobster krill
(Munida gregaria), hoki
(Macruronus novaezelandiae), oblique-banded rattail
(Coelorhynchus aspercephalus), and salps
(Pyrosoma atlanticum). New Zealand fur seals
(Arctocephalus forsteri) and seabirds were also
identified in samples. New Zealand sea lions are generalist feeders utilising
a wide variety of prey items, with fish comprising the most common taxa
(59%) numerically and both cephalopods (21%) and crustacea
(15%) forming lesser, but still important, parts of the diet. Prey taxa
identified indicate that New Zealand sea lions are utilising a wide variety of
benthic, demersal and pelagic species ranging from the inter-tidal zone to
waters deeper than 300 m. New Zealand sea lions at the Auckland Islands target
different prey species to New Zealand sea lions at other locations although
they have broadly consistent prey types, with fish as the major taxa. There is
only a small overlap of New Zealand sea lion prey species with commercially
targeted species on the Auckland Islands Shelf in the months sampled.