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The paper begins by providing a brief account of the integrated framework of analysis that is developed. Against this background, the details of the approach are taken up in succeeding sections. First, it describes che disaggregation of production and income generation by landholding category in the with and without project situations. Second, given the generation of income by landholding category, the relationship between income, expenditure and calorie intake is established. Third, the core of the paper deals with expenditure distribution and the estimation of relative and absolute poverty. A numerical example is used throughout the paper to demonstrate the application of the approach developed. The example is for illustrative purposes only.

The paper begins by providing a brief account of the integrated framework of analysis that is developed. Against this background, the details of the approach are taken up in succeeding sections. First, it describes che disaggregation of production and income generation by landholding category in the with and without project situations. Second, given the generation of income by landholding category, the relationship between income, expenditure and calorie intake is established. Third, the core of the paper deals with expenditure distribution and the estimation of relative and absolute poverty. A numerical example is used throughout the paper to demonstrate the application of the approach developed. The example is for illustrative purposes only.

Die hohe Zahl von Flüchtlingen und Asylbegehrenden, die seit einigen Jahren nach Deutschland kommen, stellt die Kommunen vor große Herausforderungen bei der Erst- und Folgeunterbringung und Versorgung, beispielsweise in Hinblick auf die Standortsuche für Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte. Der Gesetzgeber reagierte darauf mit bauplanungsrechtlichen Erleichterungen, die unterschiedliche Gebietskulissen betreffen. Sie sind seit 2014 bzw. 2015 im BauGB verankert. Im Beitrag wird diskutiert, welche Implikationen sich aus den Änderungen für das Verständnis von gesunden Wohnverhältnissen und die planungsrechtliche Begrenzung gesundheitlicher Risiken ergeben könnten. Hingewiesen wird hier unter anderem auf die Notwendigkeit langfristiger Perspektiven für den (planungsbezogenen) Umgang mit Fluchtmigration, das mögliche Auftreten gesundheitsbezogener Nutzungskonflikte und die Verhinderung städtebaulicher Fehlentwicklungen. ; Municipalities in Germany are having difficulties in providing accommodation for the large number of refugees seeking asylum in Germany, for instance in selecting sites for collective accommodation centres. In order to counter this hurdle German planning law has been changed twice with the aim of accelerating site selection processes and the building of new reception centres. The changes involve different territorial settings and have been incorporated in the Federal Building Code since 2014/2015. This report examines which consequences the changes may have for understandings of healthy living conditions and for efforts to reduce health risks by spatial planning. The authors point out that health-related land-use conflicts may emerge, that the legislative changes may lead to undesirable urban development, and that it is necessary to develop long-term planning perspectives for managing the reception of refugees.

This paper compares the extent and the nature of the higher prevalence of poverty among disadvantaged ethnic groups in six Asian countries using demographic surveys. We first estimate a composite wealth index as a proxy for economic status, and analyze the magnitude of the ethnic gap in absolute and relative poverty levels across six countries and different ethnicities in those countries. Then, we use regression-based counterfactual analysis for explaining these ethnic differentials in poverty. We compare the actual differential in poverty with the gap that remains after disadvantaged ethnic groups are given the distribution of characteristics of the advantaged ones (by reweighting their densities using propensity scores). Our results show that there is a substantial cross-country variability in the extension, evolution, and nature of the ethnic poverty gap, which is as high as 50 percentage points or more in some specific cases in Nepal, Pakistan, or India. The gap in the latter country increased over the analyzed period, while it was reduced in the Philippines. Our analyses indicate that factors that contribute to ethnic disadvantaged groups being poorer are the strongly persistent high inequalities in education (e.g., India, Nepal, and Pakistan), in regional development (e.g., the Philippines) and the large urban-rural gap (e.g., Pakistan).

Metadata only record ; The implementation of SAP and economic liberalization throughout sub-Saharan Africa during the last fifteen years has coincided with the rapid expansion of rural income diversification. Many analysts see income diversification as a vital coping strategy for the rural people, while recognizing that its growing incidence amongst all sections of the African rural population can serve as a mechanism for increasing wealth differentiation. The current income diversification and livelihoods literature primarily restricts itself to situational analysis underpinned by assumptions of economic optimization on the part of decision-making households, while ignoring the broader process of depeasantization. Early agrarian change took the form of urban migration, funneling labour from rural areas and creating an array of stimuli that acted indirectly upon village life. Rural income diversification adds a new, more immediate dimension. Villagers are now actively part of in situ occupational change that has far-reaching implications for the coherence of rural households and the political balance of local communities and nation-states. Such profound transformation calls into question the "sustainability" of rural livelihood strategies now being advocated by donor agencies as well as the relevance of delineating formal, informal, and peasant sectors of the national economy.

The Report on Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A), requested by the Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland, contributes to development of a comprehensive plan that will strengthen the institutional framework that underpins accounting and auditing practices in the country. ROSC A&A program is a part of the joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) initiative on assisting member countries to strengthen their financial system by improving capacity to comply with important internationally recognized standards and codes. The initiative covers twelve areas that relate to: (a) policy transparency; (b) financial sector regulation and supervision, Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP); and (c) market integrity. ROSC A&A relate to market integrity and specifically reviews and makes recommendations for strengthening the framework for education and training for accountants, the capacity and services of a professional accountancy organization, regulatory framework governing accounting and auditing practices, the applicable accounting auditing and ethics standards and the extent of their implementation, and the regulatory institutions and mechanism for monitoring and enforcing compliance with the standards.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Becoming a Betting Nation: An Introduction -- 2 Playing the Odds: The Rise of Soccer Betting Houses as a Livelihood Option in Harare, Zimbabwe -- 3 'Just Like the Boys': An Analysis of the Experiences of Females Involved in Football Betting in Harare, Zimbabwe -- 4 Sports Betting in Low-Resource-Income Urban Area: A Case of Budiriro 5B Current Shops -- 5 'He Bets When He Wants To!' The Effects of Football Gambling in Chinhoyi through the Eyes of Concerned Significant Others -- 6 From 'Male Holy Trinity' to 'Fourth Estate': A Case Study of the Nature, Scale and Patterns of Football Gambling in Chinhoyi -- 7 Soccer Betting in Peri-Urban Spaces in Zimbabwe: Experiences from Domboshava -- 8 "iEconomy! Vapfanha vari kuzama lucky!" Youth Economic Exigencies, Football Gambling Cultures and Experiences in Gweru, Zimbabwe -- Index.

On the eve of Plunz's status as Emeritus at Columbia University, New York Global bridges five decades of his pedagogical commitment to question the cannons of the design and urbanism fields and their relationship to the contemporary built environment. Through interviews, syllabi excerpts, essays, discussions, and projects, New York City is projected as a lens for understanding the potential for metropolises everywhere to serve as firewalls against dystopic social inequities and ecological adversity. In questioning the discourse surrounding urban research and action, Plunz engages with the primordial question of 'urban' itself. This book is not a cautionary tale, but rather an assemblage of timestamped evidence toward understanding our current condition. Closely studying the very tools that have fostered today's environmental and societal consequences, each segment contributes to understanding engagement with a post-accelerated future

1. Reflecting on Place and the Local -- 2. Bridging the Trust Divide: Understanding the Role of 'Localism' and the 'Local' in Cultural Policy -- 3. Scale, the Local and Cultural Policy's Geographies -- 4. Scaling Heritage: Situated Policy in an Expanded Ontology -- 5. The Goals of American Cultural Plans -- 6. Community Management of Local Cultural Assets: Implications for Inequality and Publicness -- 7. Devolved Responsibility: English Regional Creative Industries Policy and Local Industrial Strategies -- 8. Reclaiming Place: Cultural Initiatives in Cretan Villages as Enablers of Citizen Involvement, Local Development and Repopulation -- 9. The Public Administration of 'Place': Labels and Meaning in Local Government Arts Development in the Irish Urban-Fringe -- 10. From Streets to Silos: Urban Art Forms in Local Rural Government and the Challenge of Rural Development -- 11. "Policies Aren't Pieces of Paper": Tussles and Tactics in Action-oriented and Agile Cultural Policy Research.

Das Ziel der Handreichung ist es, die Integration des Tourismus und seiner Umweltbelange in der Stadtplanung zu unterstützen, um so einen Beitrag zum urbanen Umweltschutz, der diesbezüglichen Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 sowie der Klimaschutzziele zu leisten. Der Tourismus hat in der Stadt unterschiedliche Auswirkungen unter anderem auf die Umwelt, z.B. die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung, das Klima, die Natur und Landschaft sowie die natürlichen Ressourcen. Bisher werden in Planungen und Strategien der Stadtplanung die touristischen Belange oftmals nicht genügend mitberücksichtigt. Durch eine aktive Einbeziehung des Tourismus und seiner Umweltauswirkungen kann die Stadtplanung einen positiven Einfluss auf die umweltverträgliche Entwicklung des Tourismus nehmen. Desgleichen kann der Tourismus bei guter Planung und Steuerung einen positiven Einfluss auf das Stadtbild, das Stadtleben und die Lebensqualität der örtlichen Bevölkerung nehmen. Daher ist eine integrierte Vorgehensweise der Stadtplanung und Tourismusentwicklung unabdingbar, um den umweltfreundlichen Tourismus in den Städten zu fördern. Die Handreichung hilft Akteur*innen der Stadtplanung und Tourismusentwicklung in deutschen Städten dabei, in der Praxis auf einen umweltfreundlichen Städtetourismus hinzuwirken. Im ersten Teil stellen wir Ihnen zunächst fachliche Grundlagen zu beiden Themengebieten kompakt zusammen, um Ihnen eine konzeptionelle Basis der Zusammenarbeit zu geben. Im zweiten Teil finden Sie Handlungsempfehlungen, die speziell für die Aufgabengebiete der Stadt- und Tourismusentwicklung ausgerichtet sind. Die Ausarbeitung der Handreichung basiert auf den Ergebnissen des Forschungsvorhabens "Umweltbelange des Tourismus in der Stadtplanung: Ermittlung von Umweltbelastungen und Minderungspotenzialen im Zusammenhang mit touristischen Aktivitäten im Kontext des urbanen Umweltschutzes". Eine detaillierte Darstellung des Forschungsablaufes und der Forschungsergebnisse können Sie dem Schlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens entnehmen.

Chapter 1: Youth Political Participation in Greece: A Comparative, Multiple Methods -- Perspective -- Part I: Youth Political Participation: Socialization, Attitudes and Intentions -- Chapter 2: Young Greeks Taking to the Streets: How Protest Shapes Political Socialisation in Times of Crisis? -- Chapter 3: Engendering Political Participation among Greek Youth in Times of Crisis -- Chapter 4: Youths' Cultural Orientations, Attributions to Inequality and Political Engagement Attitudes and Intentions -- Part II: Youth Political Participation: Precarity, Organizational and Spatial Aspects -- Chapter 5: Youth Political Participation and Precarity during Times of Crisis: Greece in a Comparative Perspective -- Chapter 6: For Youth or by Youth? Exploring Youth Action Organisations in Greece -- Chapter 7: Political Participation of Greek Youth: Exploring Rural, Semi-urban and Urban Disparities -- Chapter 8: Conclusions: Modes and Determinants of Youth Political Participation in Greece from a Multiple Methods Perspective.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Introduction -- Part I Coffee's transatlantic society -- 1 'Trifling', an urban experience -- 2 'Trifling' in the colonies -- 3 Murders, officers and naval headquarters -- Part II Polishing communities and negotiating empire -- 4 Coffee-women, licensure and a polite public sphere -- 5 Coffee-men, lobbyists and conmen of empire -- 6 Transatlantic news feeds and imagined coffeehouse publics -- Part III Empire and revolution -- 7 Empire, free association and slavery -- 8 Bringing down the empire -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Introduction -- 1 'Trifling', an urban experience -- 2 'Trifling' in the colonies -- 3 Murders, officers and naval headquarters -- 4 Coffee-women, licensure and a polite public sphere -- 5 Coffee-men, lobbyists and conmen of empire -- 6 Transatlantic news feeds and imagined coffeehouse publics -- 7 Empire, free association and slavery -- 8 Bringing down the empire -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

Crafting identities explores artisanal identity and culture in early modern London. It demonstrates that the social, intellectual and political status of London's crafts and craftsmen were embedded in particular material and spatial contexts. Through examination of a wide range of manuscript, visual and material culture sources, the book investigates for the first time how London's artisans physically shaped the built environment of the city and how the experience of negotiating urban spaces impacted directly on their distinctive individual and collective identities. Applying an innovative and interdisciplinary methodology to the examination of artisanal cultures, the book engages with the fields of social and cultural history and the histories of art, design and architecture. It will appeal to scholars of early modern social, cultural and urban history, as well as those interested in design and architectural history

During the late 1980s and early 1990s the City San Francisco waged a war with the homeless. During this period over 1,000 arrests and citations where handed out by the police to activists for simply handing out free food in public parks. Why would a liberal city arrest activists helping the homeless? In exploring this question, the book uses the conflict between the city and activists as a unique opportunity to examine the contested nature of urban politics, homelessness, and public space while developing an anarchist alternative to liberal urban politics that is rooted in mutual aid, solidarity, and anti-capitalism. In addition to exploring theoretical and political issues related to gentrification, broken-windows policing, and anti-homeless laws, this book provides both activists, students, and scholars, examples of how anarchist homeless activists in San Francisco resisted these process

Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics: Decision-Making Models and Solutions provides deterministic and probabilistic models for transportation logistics problem-solving and decision-making. The book presents an overview of the intersections between sustainability, transportation, and logistics, and delves into the current problems associated with the implementation of sustainable transportation and smart logistics in urban settings. It also offers models for addressing complex structural problems and procedures for estimating transportation externalities such as environmental and social impacts, both in industrial and government arenas, as well as decision-making models from operational, tactical, and strategic management perspectives. Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics also covers best practices for practical corporate policy implementation, making it a comprehensive and vital resource for researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and policy makers in transportation, logistics, urban planning, economics, engineering, and environmental science