Suchergebnisse

This study aims to better understand the contribution of potential non-ignorable nonresponse associated with attrition and wave-nonresponse in race/ethnicity disparities in health trajectories. The empirical work of this study is based on the 1992-2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Both growth curve models (direct likelihood maximization and pattern mixture) have very similar results, but the standard errors tended to be slightly underestimated in the former. Results from the growth curve models suggest that with age, racial/ethnic disparities in health decrease for low educated individuals, persist for those with at least a high school education and for Hispanic elderly with a highs school or GED education, and increase among the lower educated. The study concludes that any possible non-ignorable differences between models are not large enough to affect inferences drawn from the data analysis.

'Artikel 13 der Richtlinie der Europäischen Union (EU) zur Anwendung des Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatzes ohne Unterschied der Rasse oder der ethnischen Herkunft fordert für alle Mitgliedsstaaten der EU die Einrichtung einer oder mehrerer Stellen, die sich mit der Gleichbehandlung befassen. Solche Einrichtungen sollen die Opfer von Diskriminierung in unabhängiger Weise unterstützen, Beschwerden gegen Diskriminierung nachgehen sowie unabhängige Berichte zum Thema Diskriminierung erstellen und veröffentlichen. Die Umsetzung der o.g. Richtlinie, die die Einführung eines Antidiskriminierungsgesetzes für Deutschland zur Folge haben wird, könnte ein wichtiger Beitrag dazu sein, den Kampf gegen Diskriminierung hierzulande erheblich voranzutreiben. Fehlt es aber gleichzeitig an einer beratenden Infrastruktur, die den betroffenen Menschen zu ihrem Recht verhilft, wäre jede legislative Maßnahme in ihrer Wirksamkeit eingeschränkt. In der Bundesrepublik haben u.a. die Aktivitäten der EU dazu beigetragen, die Diskussion um die Bedeutung, Aufgaben und Anforderungen an spezialisierte Einrichtungen zu intensivieren. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch Fragen der Professionalisierung der Antidiskriminierungsarbeit sowie prinzipielle Überlegungen zu konkreten Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung im Einzelfall diskutiert. In diesem Beitrag sollen relevante Erkenntnisse, die durch die Begleitung der mit Landesmitteln geförderten Antidiskriminierungsprojekte in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) gewonnen wurden, kurz vorgestellt werden. Dabei folgt die Darstellung der Prämisse, dass die Implementierung eines Antidiskriminierungsgesetzes der Etablierung von spezialisierten Einrichtungen im Kampf gegen Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Rassismus zwingend bedarf, soll dieser ernsthaft und effektiv sein.' (Autorenreferat)

This open access book provides new findings on and insights into trends and patterns in residential segregation between racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It draws on new methods that make it possible to investigate segregation involving small groups and segregation patterns in nonmetropolitan communities with greater accuracy and clarity than has previously been possible. As one example, the authors are able to track residential segregation patterns across a wide selection of nonmetropolitan communities where Black, Latino, and Asian populations are small but can still potentially experience segregation. The authors also track White-Latino segregation from its inception when Latino households first arrived in non-negligible numbers in new destination communities and then document how segregation changes over time as the Latino population grows over time to become larger and more established. Finally, this work shows how segregation of Latino and Asian households is fundamentally different from that of Black households based on the much greater role that cultural and socioeconomic characteristics play in shaping White-Latino and White-Asian segregation in comparison to White-Black segregation.

This study examined differences in kin and nonkin networks among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks (Black Caribbeans), and non‐Hispanic Whites. Data are taken from the National Survey of American Life, a nationally representative study of African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non‐Hispanic Whites. Selected measures of informal support from family, friendship, fictive kin, and congregation/church networks were utilized. African Americans were more involved in congregation networks, whereas non‐Hispanic Whites were more involved in friendship networks. African Americans were more likely to give support to extended family members and to have daily interaction with family members. African Americans and Black Caribbeans had larger fictive kin networks than non‐Hispanic Whites, but non‐Hispanic Whites with fictive kin received support from them more frequently than African Americans and Black Caribbeans. The discussion notes the importance of examining kin and nonkin networks, as well as investigating ethnic differences within the Black American population.

In this study, we argue that nonverbal racial/ethnic cues can activate one's empathy toward disadvantaged out-groups, particularly when such cues resonate with one's own in-group cultural experiences with discrimination. To explain this phenomenon, we propose Group Empathy Theory and test our expectations via a national survey experiment on undocumented immigration. We find trait-level group empathy is strongly linked with empathic reactions to vignettes depicting immigrant detainees in distress, which in turn affect immigration policy attitudes. We also find African Americans and Latinos are considerably more likely than Anglos to exhibit empathy for disadvantaged groups other than their own and oppose deportation policies aimed at undocumented immigrants.

Paralleling emerging trends in cyber-health technology, concerns are mounting about racial, ethnic, disparities in health care utilization and outcomes. eHealth Solutions for Health Care Disparities brings these currents together, challenging readers to use, promote, and develop new technology-based methods for closing these gaps. Edited by a leading urban health advocate and featuring 16 expert contributors, the book examines cyber-strategies with the greatest potential toward effective, equitable care, improved service delivery and better health outcomes for all. Chapters go well beyond the possibilities of the Electronic Medical Record to discuss emerging roles for information technology in promoting healthful behavior changes (e.g., nutrition, weight loss, smoking cessation), disease prevention (e.g., cancer, HIV), and healthcare utilization, patient education and medicine compliance). The rise of e-Patients and the transformation of the doctor-patient relationship are also discussed. Opportunities for Web based products and interventions are explored in terms of tracking disparities, improving healthcare utilization and health outcomes, reducing disparities and monitoring trends among patients, whether they have Internet capabilities or not.

AbstractRacial and ethnic minority (REM) students are more likely to experience poor mental health than their White peers yet are less likely to seek help from university counseling services. In attempting to explain this puzzle, the role of environmental factors are rarely explored, despite evidence which suggests that the university environment is itself a major factor. Here, I take a qualitative paired comparison approach to examine the influence of the university environment on the mental health and help‐seeking attitudes of REM undergraduate students, evaluating their experiences at a Russell Group university (RGU) with low REM participation and a neighboring non‐Russell Group university with high REM participation. While both universities declared a commitment to widen participation and promote inclusion for REM individuals, semi‐structured interviews with 48 REM students reveal that feelings of isolation and the experience of discrimination were heightened at the RGU. However, students at both universities described having to navigate a "minefield" of racial microaggressions and "othering." Further, these environmental pressures are compounded by personal factors (i.e., prior help‐seeking experiences, cultural norms, and family pressures). Together, these factors largely influence both their mental health and their help‐seeking attitudes. I argue that these factors create a widening participation penalty for REM students and suggest that support for these students must go beyond initial acts of increasing diversity on campus (for example, through Widening Participation schemes). Rather, efforts should focus on addressing and reforming the institutional environments and behaviors that hinder university campuses from becoming truly inclusive and mentally healthy environments.