Suchergebnisse

Productive activities with exposure to static load cause many musculoskeletal disorders, this work analyzes and ergonomically structures the cattle slaughter workstation in the humid area of Camal in the Municipality of Ambato, for this it establishes a significance analysis of the variables with BIO-mec computer tool. This research begins with a work study through field observation to identify the activities, tasks, execution times related to the cattle knockout position in the Ambato Municipal Camal in the cattle slaughter area that are related to the management manual loading and the adoption of an uncomfortable posture in its execution that can cause overload of corporal dispositions such as: joints, tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, muscles in the worker. Then a significance analysis of the variables determined by the BIO-mec method is carried out considering characteristics: physiological of the worker, weight of the sustained load, critical posture of the worker, duration of the efforts, angles of the body segments and the percentage of the maximum bearable load reached in each joint to establish their importance and modify the job position until complying with the limits established by Ecuadorian legislation. The design result determines a negative impact on the maximum permissible loads of elbow, shoulder, torso, hip, knee and ankle with the use of a platform adjustable to the size of the cattle, improving the posture angles of: 68.6 ° for the ankle, 132 ° for knee, 92 ° hip, 45 ° for L5 / S1, 51 ° for shoulder, 36 ° for wrist. With a suspended load of 4kg. For a worker of 170 cm, 75 kg of weight and of masculine gender. ; Las actividades productivas con exposición a carga estática causan muchos trastornos músculo esquelético, este trabajo analiza y estructura ergonómicamente el puesto de trabajo de faenamiento de ganado en la zona húmeda del Camal del Municipio de Ambato, para ello establece un análisis de significación de las variables con herramienta informática BIO-mec. Esta investigación empieza con un estudio de trabajo mediante observación de campo para identificar las actividades, tareas, tiempos de ejecución relacionados con el puesto de noqueo de reses en el Camal Municipal de Ambato en la zona de faenamiento de ganado vacuno que se relacionan con el manejo manual de carga y la adopción de postura incomoda en su ejecución que pueden causar sobrecarga de disposiciones corporales como: articulaciones, tendones, vainas tendinosas, ligamentos, músculos en el trabajador. Luego se realiza un análisis de significación de las variables que determina el método BIO-mec considerando características: fisiológicas del trabajador, peso de la carga sostenida, postura crítica del trabajador, duración de los esfuerzos, ángulos de los segmentos corporales y el porcentaje de la carga máxima soportable alcanzado en cada articulación para establecer la importancia de las mismas y modificar el puesto de trabajo hasta cumplir con los límites establecidos por la legislación Ecuatoriana. El resultado del diseño determina una afectación negativa en las cargas máximas admisibles de codo, hombro, torso, cadera, rodilla y tobillo con el uso de una plataforma ajustable al tamaño del ganado, mejorando los ángulos de postura de: 68,6° para el tobillo, 132° para rodilla, 92° cadera, 45° para L5/S1, 51° para hombro, 36° para muñeca. Con una carga suspendida de 4kg. Para un trabajador de 170 cm, 75 kg de peso y de género masculino.

The article explores the ecosystem of the innovation-entrepreneurial university, which functions in the coordinate system of gig-economy and reveals the advantages that the ecosystem of the university and its further development on the basis of competition. The effective role of functioning of gig-economy in the course of digitization of the Ukrainian economy is determined. The goal pursued by the ecosystem of the innovation and entrepreneurial university on the basis of the implementation of digital ecosystem strategy of gig-economy is presented.Author's vision and understanding of the ecosystem of gig-economy and its scientific and educational, technical, technological, socio-ecological, innovative and entrepreneurial structural components are offered, including: cluster, platform, ecosystem production; the foundation of innovative parks, working on a full cycle; coworking cluster (co-working-office: start-up-school, start-up laboratory, start-up-accelerator, master-classes of experts of business schools); STEM education; digital education (Big Data school, BlockChain school, AI school, FinTech school, business camps); Industry 4.0: Business for Smart City, Smart Enterprise, Industrial Hightech, RetailTech, LegalTech, InsurTech, GovTech, IoT.The fact that the structure of the ecosystem of gig-economy is influenced by open innovation, prices for services, digital entrepreneurship, access to broadband Internet, takes the form of a chain of type: "Developers – Owners – ISPs – Advertisers – Regulators – Users". As a result, authors concluded that the university's digital ecosystem strategy is product/service oriented with value added information that delivers new value for customers. Work with information at the university of innovation and entrepreneurship can be represented by a chain of type: "search – receive – recognition – analysis – filtering – enrichment – construction of information – application".Authors suggested that conditions of competitiveness of the innovative ecosystem of gig-economy could be considered: corporate startup cooperation; targeted financing of innovations; coordinated cooperation between government and society and their full involvement in the effective functioning of the ecosystem; support for entrepreneurial talent and gender equality; digital compatibility of business entities; harmonization of legislation and standards. ; У статті досліджено екосистему інноваційно-підприємницького університету, що функціонує в системі координат гіг-економіки та розкрито переваги, які надає екосистема університету і її подальший розвиток на засадах конкуренції. Визначено ефективну роль функціонування екосистеми гіг-економіки в ході цифровізації економіки України. Представлено мету, яку переслідує екосистема інноваційно-підприємницького університету на основі реалізації стратегії цифрових рішень екосистеми гіг-економіки.Запропоновано авторське бачення та осмислення екосистеми гіг-економіки і її науково-освітні, техніко-технологічні, соціально-екологічні, інноваційно-підприємницькі структурні складники, серед чого: кластерне, платформине, екосистемне виробництво; фундація інноваційні парків, що працює за повним циклом; кластер коворкінгів (co-working-офіс: start-up-школа, start-up лабораторія, start-up-акселератор, майстер-класи експертів бізнес-шкіл); STEM-освіта; цифрова освіта (школа Big Data, школа BlockChain, школа AI, школа FinTech, бізнес табори); Індустрія 4.0: Бізнес для Smart city, Smart-підприємство, промислові Hightech, RetailTech, LegalTech, InsurTech, GovTech, IoT.Аргументовано факт, що структура екосистеми гіг-економіки під впливом відкритих інновацій, ціни на послуги, цифрове підприємництво, доступу до широкосмугового Інтернету, набуває вигляду ланцюга типу: "Розробники – Власники – Провайдери – Рекламодавці – Регулятори – Користувачі". В результаті цього автори дійшли висновку, що стратегія цифрових рішень екосистеми університету є такою, що орієнтована на продукти/послуги з додаванням інформації, яка забезпечує нову вартість для клієнтів. Роботу з інформацією в інноваційно-підприємницькому університеті можна представити ланцюгом типу: "пошук – отримання – розпізнання – аналіз – фільтрація – збагачення – конструювання інформації – застосування".Авторами висловлено думку про те, що умовами конкурентоспроможності інноваційної екосистеми гіг-економіки можна вважати: корпоративне стартап співробітництво; цільове фінансування інновацій; узгодженна співпраця уряду і суспільства та їх повна долученість до ефективної роботи екосистеми; підтримка підприємницького таланту та гендерна рівність; цифрова сумісність господарюючих суб'єктів; гармонізація законодавства та стандартів.

IN ENGLISH: In contemporary society, the media are a powerful social force capable of actively supporting but also negating feminist values, regardless of the fact that today the feminist perspective is woven into the political and institutional lives of western countries (McRobbie, 2009). Feminism is considered to be instrumentalized and words such as "empowerment" and "choice" are often used in the media and popular culture "as a kind of substitute for feminism" (McRobbie, 2009: 1). This paper presents a media analysis of articles published by the five most visited Croatian web portals in 2019. The content of the articles was analysed by qualitative method that is by thematic analysis. The results show that feminism is a neglected topic on web portals and is most often found in "news", "culture" or "film" sections. The results of the thematic analysis identified five thematic frameworks which encompass the published articles: feminist pioneers, female politicians and feminism, celebrity feminism, feminist activism, and feminism and film. The first framework "feminist pioneers", along with the "feminist activism" framework, are more educational in the nature of their reporting, while the "celebrity feminism" framework deals more with the topics of violence towards women, women's relationship with their bodies and gender equality in general. The presentation of female politicians within the framework dealing with politics and feminism is the most neglected because it is practically devoid of any political-feminist content while the "film and feminism" framework is almost entertaining in character because it is mostly based on commenting upon movie characters and their lifestyles as well as screenwriter choices. Although all the identified frameworks mention and broach a series of subthemes, except in the case of feminist activism, these subthemes are not problematized nor can the audience reach a wider comprehension. Young people, as regular consumers of news content on the most visited web portals, can't acquire a realistic image of feminism, and rarely in few occasional news, can get a cursory education on feminist values. --- IN CROATIAN: Mediji su u suvremenom društvu moćna društvena sila koja može aktivno podržavati ali i osporavati feminističke vrijednosti bez obzira na činjenicu što je feministička perspektiva danas utkana u politički i institucionalni život zapadnih zemalja (McRobbie, 2009). Feminizam se smatra instrumentaliziranim, a riječi kao što su "osnaživanje" i "izbor" rabe se često u medijima i popularnoj kulturi "kao vrsta supstitucije za feminizam" (McRobbie, 2009: 1). U ovom radu provedena je medijska analiza na objavljenim člancima prvih pet najposjećenijih web portala u Hrvatskoj u 2019. godini. Sadržaj članaka obrađen je kvalitativnom metodologijom, odnosno tematskom analizom. Rezultati pokazuju da je feminizam zanemarena tema na web portalima te da se najčešće može naći unutar rubrika "novosti", "kulture" ili "filma". Rezultati tematske analize pokazali su postojanje pet tematskih okvira unutar kojih su objavljeni tekstovi: pionirke u feminizmu, političarke i feminizam, celebrity feminizam, feministički aktivizam te film i feminizam. Prvi tematski okvir "pionirke u feminizmu" i okvir "feminističkog aktivizma" imaju više naglašeni edukativni smjer izvještavanja dok "celebrity feminizam" više sadržajno naznačava temu odnosa prema ženskom tijelu i nasilju prema ženama te općenito rodnoj ravnopravnosti. Predstavljanje političarki unutar tematskog okvira je najzapostavljenijeg karaktera jer se u njemu praktički ne objavljuje nikakav značajniji političko-feministički sadržaj dok je okvir filma i feminizma skoro zabavnog karaktera jer se uglavnom zasniva na komentiranju filmskih likova i njihovog životnog stila te scenarističkih rješenja. Iako se unutar svih navedenih tematskih okvira spominje i otvara niz subtema njima se, osim u okviru teme feminističkog aktivizma, ne pristupa problematski niti je publici moguće doći do opsežnijih spoznaja. Mladi, kao konzumenti vijesti na najčitanijim web portalima ne mogu steći realnu predodžbu o feminizmu, i rijetko se, osim u prigodničarskim vijestima mogu tek površno educirati o feminističkim vrijednostima.

Women's Participation in Military Conflicts: a Case Study of Ukraine Women's participation in military conflicts is one of the phenomena of international politics, that is discussed in various academic discussions. It is often said that war is a matter for men and women are victims of war or perform insignificant and non-physical functions. This is commonly referred to as traditional or conventional thinking, that suggests that gender is an expression of power relations and war or its consequences are usually understood through a masculine trajectory. Yet historically in wars women have played many different roles, named different motivations to join and either contributed to the empowerment of stereotypes or broke them with their personal examples. The object of this research is Ukraine where a part of the society, as well as women and their organizations took an active part in the struggle for the preservation of the country after the beginning of the conflict with Russia in 2014. The case of Ukraine was chosen for the study because it is a significant conflict on a European scale and close to us. It is also important that the conflict in Ukraine is a new one in the 21st century. It makes possible to understand how participation in war looks like here and now. In addition, analysis of women's participation in the Ukrainian war are very limited because the collection of empirical data in war zones is difficult, so this study aims to supplement the existing literature on the Ukrainian conflict and provide an empirical analysis of women's participation. The main goal of this study is to investigate the participation of women in the Ukrainian war and to understand why they joined the war, what roles they played and what the situation is due to traditional stereotypes. To achieve the set goal, interviews (in Russian) are conducted with women who took part in military operations on the pro-Ukrainian side. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women involved in the Ukrainian war and 5 with other external observers (journalist, 2 Lithuanian photographers, a representative of the Lithuanian Blue - Yellow organization and the Ukrainian Women's Guard). In total, this thesis is based on data collected during 25 interviews and secondary sources. The study was conducted in 2019 December - 2020 May. Ukrainian women said that one of the main motives to join military conflict is the desire to defend country and the future. Another interesting finding of this study is the fact that although Ukrainian society is traditional, women involved in war were not inclined to view the existence of stereotypes as a motive for joining the war. The categories of women's roles did not differ from the general context and global research, as it was seen that the main roles they held remained essentially the same - as a doctor, chef or working in headquarters and administration. On the other hand, Ukrainian women have not confirmed the basic conventional thesis that women are victims of war. It raises questions about the survey sample and the specificity of the profiles of the selected respondents. Perhaps the women who were interviewed did not want to expose this side of the war or did not actually experience it. Furthermore, in assessing the contribution of this study to the issue of women in war, most women did not attach particular importance to them in speaking or evaluating their roles because they either felt that the role was not important in defending the country or found it difficult to name. In general, in the context of war the roles overlap greatly. In conclusion, based on this study there can be two recommendations for future analysis: a) expand the sample of participants to construct more groups and categories; b) increase survey variables. For example, it could help to add more research questions and make more complex analysis.

The article covers the actual debates on the understanding of the human dignity in Germany at the beginning of the 21st century. The discussions of the German lawyers, jurists, theologians, philosophers, pedagogues, political scientist and legal philosophers (Nils Teifke, Paul Tiedemann, Manfred Baldus, Hermann Deuser, Winfried Brugger, Hans Vorländer, Dietmar von der Pfordten, Robert Alexy and others) in the last fifteen years were analysed. The basic position of these discussions is the 1st article of the Constitution of the German Federal Republic (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1949). This first article declares that the human dignity is untouchable. In this context German scientists discuss the status of the human dignity (die Menschenwürde, die Würde des Menschen) as the absolutely idea, the law principle, the moral principle, the law concept, the human right, the human value etc. Quite a few jurists (Nils Teifke, Manfred Baldus) accentuate difficulties with the absolutely status of the human dignity. Some philosophers of religion and theologians (Christoph Böhr and other) consider the human dignity in connection with the "conception of God" (das Gottesbild) and the "conception of European human being" (das europaeische Menschenbild). The other scientists place the emphasis on the gender aspects (Silvia Staub-Bernasconi), the age aspects (Ralf Stoecker) and the immigrant aspects (Monika Kirloskar-Steinbach) of the human dignity. Some philosophers, pedagogues and legal philosophers (Arnim Regenbogen, Reinhold Mokrosch) view the human dignity as a human value and write in this context about the "value education" (die Werte-Erziehung). But the other philosophers and legal philosophers (Franz JosefWetz, Achim Lohmar) have a skeptical opinion of the concept of human dignity ("as illusion") and its realizing. Therefore, in this article these and other human dignity conceptions of the German legal philosophers and other scientists at the beginning of the 21st century are presented and critical analyzed. ; Статья посвящена актуальным дебатам относительно понимания человеческого достоинства в современной Германии. Здесь впервые избирательно проанализированы дискуссии последних пятнадцати лет, в которых принимают участиенемецкие юристы, богословы, философы, педагоги, политологи и философы права (Нильс Тайфке, Пауль Тидеманн, Манфред Бальдус, Герман Дойзер, Винфрид Бруггер, Дитмар фон дер Пфордтен и др.). Исходным пунктом этих дискуссий является первая статья Основного закона Федеративной Республики Германия (1949), которая констатирует, что человеческое достоинство является неприкасаемым. В этом смысле участники дискуссий обсуждают вопрос относительно того, является ли человеческое достоинство абсолютной идеей, правовым принципом или понятием, основным правом человека, моральным принципом, человеческой ценностью и т. п. Некоторые представители философии права рассматривают человеческое достоинство в контексте «европейской картины человека» (Христоф Бёр). Другие авторы акцентируют внимание на гендерном аспекте (Сильвия Штауб-Бернаскони) и возрастном аспекте (Ральф Штёкер) человеческого достоинства.Также отдельные представители философии права (Франц Йозеф Ветц, Ахим Ломар) выражают скептические позиции относительно самого понятия человеческого достоинства и его воплощения в реальную жизнь. ; Стаття присвячена актуальним дебатам щодо розуміння людської гідності в сучасній Німеччині. Тут уперше вибірково проаналізовані дискусії останніх п'ятнадцяти років, у яких беруть участь німецькі юристи, богослови, філософи, педагоги, політологи та філософи права (Нільс Тайфке, Пауль Тідеманн, Манфред Бальдус, Германн Дойзер, Вінфрід Бруггер, Дітмар фон дер Пфордтен та ін.). Вихідним пунктом цих дискусій є перша стаття Основного закону Федеративної Республіки Німеччина (1949), яка констатує, що людська гідність є недоторканною. У цьому сенсі учасники дискусій обговорюють питання щодо того, чи є людська гідність абсолютною ідеєю, правовим принципом чи поняттям, основним правом людини, моральним принципом, людською цінністю тощо. Деякі представники філософії права розглядають людську гідність у контексті «європейської картини людини» (Христоф Бьор). Інші автори акцентують увагу на гендерному аспекті (Сільвія Штауб-Бернасконі) та віковому аспекті (Ральф Штьокер) людської гідності. Також окремі представники філософії права (Франц Йозеф Ветц, Ахім Ломар) виказують скептичні позиції щодо самого поняття людської гідності та його втілення в реальне життя.

Women's Participation in Military Conflicts: a Case Study of Ukraine Women's participation in military conflicts is one of the phenomena of international politics, that is discussed in various academic discussions. It is often said that war is a matter for men and women are victims of war or perform insignificant and non-physical functions. This is commonly referred to as traditional or conventional thinking, that suggests that gender is an expression of power relations and war or its consequences are usually understood through a masculine trajectory. Yet historically in wars women have played many different roles, named different motivations to join and either contributed to the empowerment of stereotypes or broke them with their personal examples. The object of this research is Ukraine where a part of the society, as well as women and their organizations took an active part in the struggle for the preservation of the country after the beginning of the conflict with Russia in 2014. The case of Ukraine was chosen for the study because it is a significant conflict on a European scale and close to us. It is also important that the conflict in Ukraine is a new one in the 21st century. It makes possible to understand how participation in war looks like here and now. In addition, analysis of women's participation in the Ukrainian war are very limited because the collection of empirical data in war zones is difficult, so this study aims to supplement the existing literature on the Ukrainian conflict and provide an empirical analysis of women's participation. The main goal of this study is to investigate the participation of women in the Ukrainian war and to understand why they joined the war, what roles they played and what the situation is due to traditional stereotypes. To achieve the set goal, interviews (in Russian) are conducted with women who took part in military operations on the pro-Ukrainian side. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women involved in the Ukrainian war and 5 with other external observers (journalist, 2 Lithuanian photographers, a representative of the Lithuanian Blue - Yellow organization and the Ukrainian Women's Guard). In total, this thesis is based on data collected during 25 interviews and secondary sources. The study was conducted in 2019 December - 2020 May. Ukrainian women said that one of the main motives to join military conflict is the desire to defend country and the future. Another interesting finding of this study is the fact that although Ukrainian society is traditional, women involved in war were not inclined to view the existence of stereotypes as a motive for joining the war. The categories of women's roles did not differ from the general context and global research, as it was seen that the main roles they held remained essentially the same - as a doctor, chef or working in headquarters and administration. On the other hand, Ukrainian women have not confirmed the basic conventional thesis that women are victims of war. It raises questions about the survey sample and the specificity of the profiles of the selected respondents. Perhaps the women who were interviewed did not want to expose this side of the war or did not actually experience it. Furthermore, in assessing the contribution of this study to the issue of women in war, most women did not attach particular importance to them in speaking or evaluating their roles because they either felt that the role was not important in defending the country or found it difficult to name. In general, in the context of war the roles overlap greatly. In conclusion, based on this study there can be two recommendations for future analysis: a) expand the sample of participants to construct more groups and categories; b) increase survey variables. For example, it could help to add more research questions and make more complex analysis.

The author analyzes the dynamics of changes in the activity and participation of political parties in the implementation of electoral strategies and technologies by the example of local elections in 2020. In particular, a wide range of techniques implemented by regional organizations of political parties during the campaign was studied. It is found out that in the conditions of decentralization reform and the new Electoral Code of Ukraine lower party organizations were not only involved into the electoral process, but were also empowered to form representative local authorities and develop their political policies. It is stated that mandatory membership of party, open lists in local council elections and gender quotas in those lists became normative innovations for political parties. At the same time, it was found out that the party factor proved to be relevant also for the candidates for mayors, 80% of which were nominated by parties in regional centers. Having analyzed open data of the Central Election Commission the author ascertains that one fifth of the top candidates for mayors of regional centers were representatives of local political projects – parties, which activities are focused on specific regions or even communities. It is found out that because of reputational risks related to low rating of both the political forces as well as the institution of political parties in general there is a tendency to keep a distance from parliamentary parties. Political technologies used by parties in local elections are carried over from one campaign to another – bribery of voters, voting tourism, involvement of "clone" candidates, speculating on polls, ignoring sociological tools, manipulating party branding et cetera. Among other peculiarities there are the deepening of interparty competition, the struggle of the "first non-passing" and the "last passing" candidates in party lists, which indicates the deformation of communication component in the activities of political parties and the lack of stable party structure with defined roles and functions. Resolving these problems is a priority in the strategy of party organization and administration in the state. ; У статті проаналізовано динаміку змін в участі та активності політичних партій у реалізації електоральних стратегій і технологій на прикладі місцевих виборів 2020 р. Зокрема, досліджено широкий спектр прийомів, реалізованих регіональними організаціями політичних партій у період агітації. Визначено, що в умовах реформи децентралізації, нового Виборчого кодексу України низові партійні структури не лише були включені в електоральний процес, але й отримали реальні повноваження у формуванні представницьких органів влади на місцях і їхнього подальшого політичного курсу.Констатовано, що нормативними нововведеннями для політичних партій стали обов'язковість партійної приналежності та відкриті списки на виборах до місцевих рад, ґендерне квотування у вказаних списках. Водночас з'ясовано, що партійний чинник виявився актуальним і для кандидатів на посаду міських голів, яких в обласних центрах від партій було висунуто майже 80%. У ході аналізу відкритих даних ЦВК установлено, що п'яту частину топових кандидатів у мери обласних центрів становлять представники локальних політичних проєктів – партій, діяльність яких зосереджена на конкретних регіонах чи навіть населених пунктах. Виявлено тенденцію до певного дистанціювання від парламентських партій через репутаційні ризики, пов'язані з низьким рейтингом як безпосередньо політичних сил, так й інституту політичних партій загалом.Політичні технології, які були використані партіями під час місцевих виборів, є перехідними від однієї електоральної кампанії до іншої – підкуп, виборчий туризм, залучення кандидатів-«клонів», спекуляції з опитуваннями й ігнорування соціологічного інструментарію, маніпуляції з партійним брендингом тощо. Також серед особливостей – поглиблення внутрішньопартійної конкуренції, боротьба «перших непрохідних» та «останніх прохідних» у партійних списках, що свідчить про деформацію комунікаційного складника в діяльності політичних партій та відсутність сталої партійної структури з визначеними ролями та функціями. Вирішення цих задач – пріоритет у стратегії партійного

The development of digital competence is a critical and unpostponable challenge for actual society and an emerging area of educational research. In order to give empirical support to the design of educational policies, this work to know what are the expectations of a group of higher education students with high performance and limited economic conditions, the scholarship program "Beca 18" of the Peruvian government, on the different factors that characterize digital competence, as well as knowing the socio-educational differences associated with this perception. For this purpose, the Digital Competencies in Higher Education Questionnaire (CDES) was used to a highly representative sample at the national level, 9,469 students. Among the main results we can highlight that there are significant differences on the appraisement of digital competence according to gender, place of origin and type of study institution. These variables are especially sensitive in public debate, promotion and research on digital competence as the educational component in the basic and professional training of citizens in the technologically mediated society. In conclusion, this high performance group has a vision of digital competence that is not limited to technical aspects, but is clearly associated with factors such as creativity and innovation. ; El desarrollo de la competencia digital constituye un reto crítico e impostergable para la sociedad actual y una emergente área de trabajo e investigación educativa. Con la finalidad de dar soporte empírico al diseño de políticas educativas, este trabajo busca conocer cuáles son las expectativas que tiene un grupo de alumnos de educación superior con rendimiento alto y limitadas condiciones económicas, los becarios del programa "Beca 18" del gobierno peruano, sobre los factores que caracterizan la competencia digital, así como conocer las diferencias socioeducativas asociadas a esta percepción. Para ello, se empleó el Cuestionario de Competencias Digitales en Educación Superior (CDES) a una muestra altamente representativa a nivel nacional, 9,469 estudiantes. Entre los principales resultados se puede destacar diferencias significativas sobre la valoración de la competencia digital en función del género, del lugar de nacimiento y del tipo de institución de estudio. Estas variables son especialmente sensibles en el debate público, la promoción y la investigación sobre la competencia digital como el componente educativo en la formación básica y profesional del ciudadano en la sociedad tecnológicamente mediada. En conclusión, este grupo de rendimiento alto posee una visión de la competencia digital que no se limita a aspectos técnicos, sino que está nítidamente asociada a factores como la creatividad y la innovación. ; O desenvolvimento da competência digital constitui um desafio crítico e urgente para a sociedade atual e uma área emergente de trabalho e pesquisa educacional. Com o objetivo de dar apoio empírico ao desenho de políticas educacionais, este trabalho procura conhecer quais são as expectativas de um grupo de estudantes de ensino superior com alto desempenho e condições econômicas limitadas, os estudiosos do programa "Scholarship 18" do governo peruano, sobre os fatores que caracterizam a competência digital, bem como conhecer as diferenças socioeducativas associadas a essa percepção. Para isso, o Questionário de Competência Digital no Ensino Superior (CDES) foi utilizado para uma amostra nacional altamente representativa, 9.469 estudantes. Dentre os principais resultados, destacam-se diferenças significativas quanto à valorização da competência digital de acordo com gênero, local de origem e tipo de instituição de estudo. Essas variáveis são especialmente sensíveis no debate público, promoção e pesquisa sobre competência digital como componente educacional na formação básica e profissional dos cidadãos na sociedade mediada tecnologicamente. Concluindo, esse grupo de alto desempenho tem uma visão de competência digital que não se limita a aspectos tecnicos, mas está claramente associada a fatores como criatividade e inovação.

Background: Research and policy have identified social cohesion as a potentially modifiable determinant of health and wellbeing that could contribute to more sustainable development. However, the function of social cohesion appears to vary between communities. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels of, and associations, between social cohesion, mental wellbeing, and physical and mental health-related quality of life among a cohort of social housing residents from low socioeconomic status communities in Cornwall, UK. Social housing is below market-rate rental accommodation made available to those in certain health or economic circumstances. These circumstances may impact on the form and function of social cohesion. Methods: During recruitment, participants in the Smartline project completed the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, SF-12v2 and an eight item social cohesion scale. Cross sectional regression analyses of these data adjusted for gender, age, national identity, area socioeconomic status, rurality, education, employment, and household size were undertaken to address the study aim. Results: Complete data were available from 305 (92.7%) participants in the Smartline project. Univariable analyses identified a significant association between social cohesion, mental wellbeing and mental health-related quality of life. Within fully adjusted multivariable models, social cohesion only remained significantly associated with mental wellbeing. Sensitivity analyses additionally adjusting for ethnicity and duration of residence, where there was greater missing data, did not alter the findings. Conclusions: Among a relatively homogeneous cohort, the reported level of social cohesion was only found to be significantly associated with higher mental wellbeing, not physical or mental health-related quality of life. The efforts made by social housing providers to offer social opportunities to all their residents regardless of individual physical or mental health state may support the development of a certain degree of social cohesion. Sense of control or safety in communities may be more critical to health than social cohesion. Additional observational research is needed before attempts are made to alter social cohesion to improve health. ; This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site. ; The Smartline project is receiving up to £4,188,318 of funding from the England European Regional Development Fund as part of the European Structural and Investment Funds Growth Programme 2014–2020. The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (and in London the intermediate body Greater London Authority) is the Managing Authority for European Regional Development Fund. Established by the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund helps local areas stimulate their economic development by investing in projects which will support innovation, businesses, create jobs and local community regenerations. For more information visit https://www.gov.uk/european-growth-funding. Additional funding is from the South West Academic Health Science Network. KW is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula. KMa was funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Knowledge Mobilisation Research Fellowship and ESRC Smartline Project for this research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funders did not contribute to the design of the study or collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript in any way. ; published version, accepted version

Background: Among the achievements of modern fertility technologies available to contemporary humans, we could mention the freezing technique to fertility preservation, and subsequently, unmarried childbearing. The only way for having children was having sexual intercourse with the opposite gender in the past years; however, with the advent of this technology, even without such a relationship, it is possible to have a child. This process could be termed unmarried childbearing or single-status fertilities. This is one of the resent subjects in medical fertility; however, there is no research in this field, in Iran.Methods: This was an applied and theoretical research in the theology field; thus, no research material was implemented. The main method of this research was the bookcase approach.Results: In countries such as the USA, UK, and Australia, where there are more coherent laws about employing modern fertility techniques, this issue is addressed and specific laws exist in this regard. However, despite widespread use of this technique in Iran, we have no law in this respect except for the Fetal Donation Act of 2003, which only covers the general issues. In other words, the social fertility mandate has remained silent given permission, prohibition, and its conditions and effects on the child lineage in Iran's laws. Freezing gametes is practiced in our country for a wide range. Besides, single-status fertility is occurring worldwide. Accordingly, this seems to be among the problems facing our society, and may also be illegally conducted in some cases, in Iran. In Islamic law, the permissible instances of reproductive rights include births through marriage, not otherwise, as well as births employing reproductive aids in terms of meeting the Islamic law. On the other hand, some individuals believe that this case can be regarded as some kind of inoculation with the involvement of a donor agency, and some jurists have voted to allow it. Therefore, these jurists explicitly accepted the use of donor gamete in the form of marital relations. The legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran also emphasizes on donation to lawful couples in the law of donation approach. Therefore, using donated gametes for childbearing is excluded in singles. Additionally, Judaism and all branches of Christianity, except for the liberal protestant denomination prohibit unmarried childbearing. While the approach to the issue differs from one country to another, the USA Supreme Court has recognized and protected free relationships, family formation, and decisions on births, as freedom rights. The UK law has subjected the provision of services to single women to the welfare of children resulting from the process. However, in France, the provision of infertility treatment services to single individuals is prohibited. According to Australia law, any single or heterosexual individual without receiving medically-assessed services, i.e., referred to as ''clinically infertile'' cannot use this technology for having children.Conclusion: In some countries, like the USA, bearing a child at a single status is legal; however, in some other regions, like the UK and Australia, it is permitted under special conditions. In some countries, like France, this action is prohibited. There is no law about this matter in Iran. The 167 article of the constitution addresses considering the Islamic verses and narrations on preserving the destination of the generation or acquiring the benefits and disposing of the corruption. In conclusion, the only way to have a child and to realize the principle of reproduction is permitted in the framework of religious marriage; thus, bearing a child at a single status is illegal and prohibited, in Iran.

This paper analyzes the English translation of the Argentine testimonial narrative Pasos bajo el agua (1987), an account of the last military dictatorship in Argentina by Alicia Kozameh. The article proposes a case study that explores the evocative potential of metonymy in translation for repositioning female subjectivities across borders from a transnational feminist translation perspective. From a literary standpoint, metonymy is defined here as a figure of speech whereby a term is used to evoke a whole range of culture-bound associations closely connected with experience. The article's goal is twofold: (1) to look into the role of metonymy in the translated text for recreating and reconfiguring the network of complex power relations in the feminist text and (2) to examine the geopolitics of feminist translation and the power relations established in the translation of an Argentine Spanish-written text into English. This can be revealed by examining the translation of specific metonymies that display the incarcerated female condition in the source text. Results show that the evocative mechanisms of metonymy help to foreground gender relations and, therefore, require careful consideration in the translation of feminist texts from a transnational perspective. ; Mediante un estudio de caso, este artículo aborda el potencial evocativo de la metonimia en la traducción para reposicionar las subjetividades femeninas en otra lengua y cultura desde una perspectiva transnacional de la traducción feminista. En el campo literario, la metonimia se define como una figura retórica mediante la cual un término se emplea para evocar una serie de asociaciones culturales que se encuentran íntimamente vinculadas a la experiencia. El artículo persigue dos objetivos: (1) analizar el rol de la metonimia en la traducción para observar la recreación y reconfiguración de la compleja red de relaciones de poder en el texto feminista; y (2) examinar aspectos geopolíticos de la traducción en torno a las relaciones de poder instauradas en la traducción de un texto argentino escrito en español al inglés. Para ello, se estudia la traducción de metonimias específicas que revelan la condición femenina encarcelada en Pasos bajo el agua (1987), un relato testimonial sobre la última dictadura militar argentina escrito por Alicia Kozameh. Los resultados muestran que los mecanismos evocativos de la metonimia contribuyen a revelar las relaciones de género y, por tanto, requieren especial consideración para la traducción de textos feministas desde una perspectiva transnacional. ; À travers une étude de cas, cet article expose la puissance évocatrice de la métonymie dans la traduction pour replacer les subjectivités féminines dans une autre langue-culture depuis une perspective transnationale de la traduction féministe. Dans le champ littéraire, la métonymie est définie comme une figure rhétorique par laquelle un terme est employé pour évoquer une série d'associations culturelles qui se trouvent intimement liées à l'expérience. L'article vise deux objectifs : (1) analyser le rôle de la métonymie dans la traduction à fin d'observer la recréation et la reconfiguration du complexe réseau de relations de pouvoir dans le texte féministe ; et (2) examiner des aspects géopolitiques de la traduction autour des relations de pouvoir érigées dans la traduction d'un texte argentin écrit en espagnol vers l'anglais. Pour cela, nous étudions la traduction des métonymies spécifiques qui révèlent la condition féminine incarcérée dans Pasos bajo el agua (1987), un récit qui témoigne de la dernière dictature militaire argentine écrit par Alicia Kozameh. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les mécanismes évocateurs de la métonymie contribuent à révéler les relations de genre et, par conséquent, ils méritent d'être particulièrement considérés dans la traduction des textes féministes suivant une perspective transnationale. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Esta investigación toma lugar en zona rural de la ciudad de Cali y explora desde una práctica específica: hacer de comer, la experiencia de las mujeres mayores campesinas frente a representaciones hegemónicas de género. Estas acciones, en el espacio doméstico, son ambivalentes y a veces se dibujan como acomodos o adaptaciones; y otras como fricciones o quiebres. De manera que son fisuras que se introducen en órdenes patriarcales no del todo monolíticos. Esta tesis, en ese orden, describe las complejidades y las tensiones de la experiencia cotidiana de las mujeres, los micropoderes y las capacidades de acción en sus vidas cotidianas, con sus familias y dentro de sus viviendas. La búsqueda de estas fricciones y acomodos se realizó a través de tres ejes transversales y estructurantes: el estudio y análisis del espacio doméstico -la cocina-, la vida cotidiana y una práctica específica: hacer de comer. Sabemos muy poco sobre la vida doméstica campesina y sobre la vejez de las mujeres campesinas porque las investigaciones sobre campesinos tienden a concentrarse en la dimensión de la economía o la política entendida de una manera relativamente tradicional y desde unas identidades que se muestran colectivas y más homogéneas, insertas en procesos históricos concretos. Es especialmente sugerente el llamado que los Estudios Culturales hacen a investigar sobre la vida cotidiana de las personas y su articulación con y en la cultura, para entender las relaciones de poder que se configuran desde y a través de lo político, lo económico y lo histórico. En esta investigación se rastrean unas prácticas que se construyen desde las posiciones que ocupan las mujeres en el contexto en el que viven y las relaciones de poder en las cuales están inmersas, de manera que influyen las diferentes formas de capital económico, social, cultural y simbólico. ; This research takes place in a rural area of the city of Cali, Colombia and explores the experience of older peasant women in the face of hegemonic representations of gender from an specific practice: home cooking. These actions, in the domestic space, are ambivalent and sometimes portrayed as agreement or adaptations; and others like frictions or fissures. So, these fissures are introduced into patriarchal orders that are not monolithic. This thesis, in that order, describes the complexities and tensions of women's daily experience, the micropowers and capacities for action in their daily lives, with their families and within their homes. The search for these frictions and adaptations was carried out through three transversal and structuring axes: the study and analysis of the domestic space -the kitchen-, the daily life and a specific practice: home cooking. We know very little about the domestic life and the old age of peasant women because research on peasants tends to focus on the economic or politic dimensions understood in a relatively traditional way and from identities that are collective and more homogeneous, inserted in concrete historical processes. It is especially suggestive the call that Cultural Studies make to investigate the daily life of people and their articulation with and within the culture, to understand the power relationships that are configured from and through the political, economic and historical dimensions. This research traces some practices that are built from the positions that women occupy in the context in which they live and the power relations in which they are immersed, in a way that they influence the different forms of economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital. ; Maestría

Women's Participation in Military Conflicts: a Case Study of Ukraine Women's participation in military conflicts is one of the phenomena of international politics, that is discussed in various academic discussions. It is often said that war is a matter for men and women are victims of war or perform insignificant and non-physical functions. This is commonly referred to as traditional or conventional thinking, that suggests that gender is an expression of power relations and war or its consequences are usually understood through a masculine trajectory. Yet historically in wars women have played many different roles, named different motivations to join and either contributed to the empowerment of stereotypes or broke them with their personal examples. The object of this research is Ukraine where a part of the society, as well as women and their organizations took an active part in the struggle for the preservation of the country after the beginning of the conflict with Russia in 2014. The case of Ukraine was chosen for the study because it is a significant conflict on a European scale and close to us. It is also important that the conflict in Ukraine is a new one in the 21st century. It makes possible to understand how participation in war looks like here and now. In addition, analysis of women's participation in the Ukrainian war are very limited because the collection of empirical data in war zones is difficult, so this study aims to supplement the existing literature on the Ukrainian conflict and provide an empirical analysis of women's participation. The main goal of this study is to investigate the participation of women in the Ukrainian war and to understand why they joined the war, what roles they played and what the situation is due to traditional stereotypes. To achieve the set goal, interviews (in Russian) are conducted with women who took part in military operations on the pro-Ukrainian side. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women involved in the Ukrainian war and 5 with other external observers (journalist, 2 Lithuanian photographers, a representative of the Lithuanian Blue - Yellow organization and the Ukrainian Women's Guard). In total, this thesis is based on data collected during 25 interviews and secondary sources. The study was conducted in 2019 December - 2020 May. Ukrainian women said that one of the main motives to join military conflict is the desire to defend country and the future. Another interesting finding of this study is the fact that although Ukrainian society is traditional, women involved in war were not inclined to view the existence of stereotypes as a motive for joining the war. The categories of women's roles did not differ from the general context and global research, as it was seen that the main roles they held remained essentially the same - as a doctor, chef or working in headquarters and administration. On the other hand, Ukrainian women have not confirmed the basic conventional thesis that women are victims of war. It raises questions about the survey sample and the specificity of the profiles of the selected respondents. Perhaps the women who were interviewed did not want to expose this side of the war or did not actually experience it. Furthermore, in assessing the contribution of this study to the issue of women in war, most women did not attach particular importance to them in speaking or evaluating their roles because they either felt that the role was not important in defending the country or found it difficult to name. In general, in the context of war the roles overlap greatly. In conclusion, based on this study there can be two recommendations for future analysis: a) expand the sample of participants to construct more groups and categories; b) increase survey variables. For example, it could help to add more research questions and make more complex analysis.

Over the past several decades, many pages and volumes have been written on the subject of feminist methods, including numerous issues of this journal that have been devoted to the topic. There are several important contributing factors to the ongoing focus on this diverse subject over such a broad span of time. First, feminist methods have been theorized and explored in virtually all research fields, including medicine, law, political science, history, sociology, linguistics, film and media studies and many, many others. Second, feminist approaches to research and knowledge have literally transformed these fields in broad-reaching and profound ways, shifting attention to previously undervalued or neglected topics, and shifting priorities and approaches to those previously studied. Feminist research has altered our understanding of our world, and has influenced the way that research is conducted, not only by feminist researchers, but by many researchers following the dictates of state-of-the-art in their fields. A third very significant reason for the sustained attention to feminist methods is that researchers who are dedicated to this type of work are engaged in a continual effort to extend the limits and definitions of their commitment to values such as egalitarianism, intersectionality, social change, and ethical challenges to the status quo, particularly as it relates to privilege and relations of power. Beginning with commitments to investigate the voices and experiences of women and to interrogate the gender binary, feminist methods have moved well beyond these initial foci to investigate the boundaries of meaning that these concepts and ideas suggest. ; Se han escrito muchas páginas acerca de un tema tan necesario y complejo como es el de las metodologías feministas, y en muchas ocasiones se han plasmado esas aportaciones en esta misma revista. Hay varios factores importantes que contribuyen a que se siga prestando atención a este tema desde hace ya décadas. En primer lugar, las metodologías feministas han recibido atención teórica y aplicaciones prácticas en la mayoría de los campos de investigación, tales como la medicina, el derecho, las ciencias políticas, la historia, la sociología, la lingüística, los estudios cinematográficos y de medios de comunicación, entre muchos otros. En segundo lugar, la labor desarrollada en el terreno de la investigación y del conocimiento feministas han transformado las principales disciplinas académicas, desplazando la atención hacia temas anteriormente infravalorados o descuidados, y cambiando las prioridades y los enfoques en aquellos que ya se habían estudiado anteriormente. La investigación feminista ha alterado de manera decisiva nuestra comprensión del mundo, y ha influido en los propios procedimientos a través de los cuales se aborda la investigación. Esto ha sido así no solo en el campo del feminismo, sino entre quienes investigan desde el rigor académico y siguen los dictados del estado del arte y quieren estar al día en los avances en sus respectivos campos de estudio están necesariamente al tanto de las metodologías feministas. Una tercera razón muy significativa para la atención prestada a los métodos feministas es que las investigadoras y los investigadores que se dedican a este tipo de trabajo mantienen un fuerte compromiso que se materializa en un esfuerzo continuo para ampliar los límites y definiciones de valores tales como la igualdad, la interseccionalidad, el cambio social y los desafíos éticos encaminados a promover la justicia social, particularmente en lo referente al mantenimiento de los privilegios y las relaciones de poder. A partir del compromiso orientado a investigar las voces y experiencias de las mujeres y cuestionar las dicotomías de género, los métodos feministas han ido más allá de estas prioridades iniciales para ir avanzando al ampliar los límites de significado que estos conceptos e ideas sugieren.

APPROVED ; Until this study, there were no national data for the effectiveness of counselling or psychotherapy provided in the primary care context in the Republic of Ireland. The government policy document Vision for Change states that 35% of all primary healthcare service users attend their GP with a mental health element to their overall presentation (The Stationery Office, 2006). The HSE?s nationally available Counselling in Primary Care (CIPC) service was fully implemented in July 2013 in order to address excessive waiting times for access to psychology services for people experiencing mild to moderate mental difficulties. Clinical evaluations are crucial for providing evidence for the effectiveness of counselling in primary care settings. The aim of this study was to provide the international research community, mental health policy makers and other stakeholders with effectiveness benchmarks regarding the behaviour of variables shown by previous research to be influential in outcomes of counselling and psychotherapy. This study involved a very large sample of CIPC clients (N = 2,781) attending therapy at locations spread across the Republic of Ireland. In order to improve counselling services for users it is beneficial to know the relationships between particular therapeutic characteristics in a real-world setting and outcomes for service users, e.g. severity of initial distress, gender differences etc. Further, while the efficacy of psychological treatments is established in randomised clinical trials it is vital that funding bodies can comprehend how investment in efficacy is converted into effectiveness in routine conditions. Evaluations have been conducted in the United Kingdom Australia and the United States and contribute greatly to understanding the role of primary care counselling and psychological interventions. As well as assessing the overall effectiveness of the CIPC service using pre/post analyses and calculating effect sizes, the study also examined the effect of the duration of therapy on client outcomes using logistic regression to determine the likelihood of clients achieving reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI).The role of the initial severity of clients problems was also examined (as determined by counsellor/therapists? evaluation as well as an objective measure as determined by CORE OM scores) in terms of its effect on outcomes. Regarding the longer term effect of counselling, additional data were provided by 240 study participants six months after therapy ended which as analysed by way of multi-level modelling. The model indicated a significant effect of time on CORE OM scores, which were also predicted by the initial severity of clients? problems and the overall duration of therapy at statistically significant level. There were no differences in outcomes for clients receiving a single therapy approach and those receiving more than one approach and no one of the approaches performed better than others in terms of statistical significance. The study also examined outcomes from the Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire (HRQOL). This measure is used extensively in the United States by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) as both an outcome measure and population health tracker. Its brevity (four items) and framing of three of the four items as a number of days in the previous 30 when respondents physical and mental health was not good, and the days their activity was limited has been widely accepted as a reliable and valid measure of HRQOL. This study found a good level of congruence between the HRQOL and the CORE OM. Participants in the study showed significant levels of improvement across all items with significant reductions in the number of unhealthy days reported between pre and post therapy and improvement in their perception of their general health.