Suchergebnisse

China is frequently portrayed as a problem case for the law and development movement because it has achieved economic growth with a weak legal system, has resisted the third wave of democratization, and has a poor record on civil and political rights. Is China a problem case? The author thinks not, or at least that it is too early to tell. China is now following the path of other East Asian countries that have achieved sustained economic growth, established rule of law, and developed constitutional or rights-based democracies, albeit not necessarily liberal rights-based democracies. At this stage of development, for all of its problems, China is meeting or exceeding expectations on most measures. China outperforms the average country in its income class in terms of economic growth, rule of law and most human rights measures, and other indicators of human well-being with the notable exception of civil and political rights.

Comunicación presentada a la "11th International Conference Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems" celebrada en Paris del 2 al 7 de Julio de 2006. ; Interlaced-to-progressive algorithms are currently required by video format conversion systems in order to display a progressive scanning used in modern visualization equipments. Deinterlacing algorithms use interpolation techniques to calculate missing pixels in transmitted fields. A motion adaptive algorithm which employs fuzzy logic to adapt the interpolation strategy to the presence of motion in the images is proposed in this paper. The performance of this new approach is evaluated by extensive simulation of different video sequences. ; This work has been partially funded by the projects TEC2005-04359/MIC from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and TIC2006-635 from the Andalusian Regional Government. The first author is also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the program F.P.U. for Phd. Students. ; Peer Reviewed

В статье анализируется ряд публикации западных политологов, и которых предпринимается попытка доказать, что так называемые «цветные революции» в Сербии 2000 г., Грузии 2003 г. и Украине 2004 г. привели к «демократическому прорыву» и даже к «новой демократической волне», при этом эти «революции» ставятся в один ряд с «бархатными революциями» 1989 г. в Центральной Европе. Автор, в свою очередь, показывает, что речь идет о не очень убедительных π не виолне добросовестных попытках анализа политических событии в названных странах, с использованием транзитологических схем и инструментария и с заранее заданными результатами и выводами. ; Some articles of western politicians argue that the so called " color revolutions' in Serb 2000, Georgia 2003, and Ukraine 2004 represent a democratic breakthrough or even "a new democratic wave" ranking with "the velvet revolutions" in 1989. In contrast, the author exposes this presentation of the political events as dishonest attempts to use tranzsitological schemes and tools along with prescribed results and conclusions.

In his lecture at the IV-th Congress of the Russian Political Science Association, A. Galkin focused his attention on the main contradictions and threats of the XXI-th century. In the lecture they were conventionally divided into the primary, secondary and tertiary ones. According to the author the first group of threats is related to the major problem of modern humanity its growing pressure on the environment. The second group incorporates the consequences of the progressing globalization or, to be more precise, its negative aspects. And the third group incorporates the threats related to inadequate political practice on the alignment of the new world order. A. Galkin stresses that his estimates only deal with the tendencies which may be implemented to bigger or lesser extent. However, in order to mitigate their impact, a certain political effort based on what is to be expected and what is to be prepared for will be required.

This article explores the rise of private authority in globalized disaster relief scenarios by looking at the case of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operatingin Aceh and its neighboring region, Nias, after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The author places the growing strength and presence of NGOs within the larger context of weak, cash-strapped local governments under decentralization schemes promoted by neoliberal economic policies and argues that under such conditions, private actors such as NGOs are gaining a legitimacy of authority once reserved exclusively for the state. In Aceh after the tsunami, five hundred NGOs began operating relief and recovery efforts on the island with little consultation with local Acehnese government agencies and community organizations. The article concludes by arguing that the example of Aceh, in which public and private parallel systems of relief and recovery have been operating raises long-term issues of accountability for all parties involved. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

The main aim of this article is to present some of the articles of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights (the Charter), and observe the presumptive influence of these articles' The first part of this paper observes the principles of good administration, which are declared in the 41 article of the Charter. The author presents the implementation of these principles in provisions of the Lithuanian Law on Public Administration. The part two observes the rights of the elderly protected by the Article 25 of the Charter provisions, and the situation of the elderly persons in Lithuania after the Lithuanian Constitutional Court decision. Part three observes the Law amending the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Defence of Consumer Rights and this amendment positive aspect. This part of the article is related to the Article 38 of the Charter, which guarantees the high level of consumer protection.

There are only a few months from the Polish Energy Market openning. This subject, especially in the face of the last political confusion about the natural gas delivery has been a topic of many publications and speeches of politicians during the last months. But, besides this medial outcry, well working and flexible Polish Energy Market, as it is planned, is a very complex problem to solve, and there are many tasks to be done before the 1 July 2007 [1]. In this work the author focuses on the aspects of information flow coordination between the end-users (consumers of energy) and other participants (generators, transmitters, wholesale resellers - the players) of the Polish Energy System. In this article there will be described a concept of two direct electronic data exchange between the energy measure unit located at let's say Kowalsky's house, and any other computer systems of the player.

How do young married women fare in an urban slum in Bangladesh? This article is based on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork among 153 married girls aged 15-19, in a Dhaka slum, carried out during December 2001-January 2003. The author finds a shift away from the traditional arranged marriage practice, with 81 of the 153 young women having 'love' marriages. Young women now have greater mobility and freedom to choose their own partners, but at the same time, face greater instability in marital relations. The lived experiences of engaging in sexual relations with their spouses are fraught with contradictions. Without economic independence and social autonomy, many young women tolerate bad marriages, and unsafe and painful sex as a survival strategy. Some however have more leeway to set the terms of engagement, using their sexuality as a resource to attract their husbands and secure his material support, and may even enjoy doing so. (IDS Bull/GIGA)

The author analyzes the Russo-Iranian relationship through the spring of 2006. This issue is vitally important in U.S. foreign policy, not just as it relates to Iran and the overall issue of nonproliferation, especially in the Middle East, but also as U.S. foreign policy pertains to relations with Moscow. Thus this monograph should also be read in light of the current crisis with Iran and bearing in mind the dimensions of Iranian proliferation and the issues surrounding it. At the same time, the numerous challenges to regional security in the Middle East, and the addition of great power rivalry to that list, further aggravate Middle East instability and make the search for peace that much more difficult. Consequently, the Russo-American dimension of the Iranian crisis adds to the complexity of the myriad issues and regional challenges to security, and the enduring difficulties in the Russo-American relationship. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1702/thumbnail.jpg

The views of & participation by Ukrainian citizens in the Orange Revolution are considered from six perspectives, to show that several events simultaneously occurred to create an environment ripe for revolution. A historical narrative describes the four year political crisis of the country, 2000-2004, & the poisoning of Yuschenko. The author also discusses popular notions of the illegitimacy of the oligarchy's wealth, the preference of the oligarchy for bandit capitalism over a transition to democratic rule, & the belief that the elite were out of touch with reality. The creation of a young oppositional base was supported by the stark "good verses evil" image that caricatured Yanukovych's criminal history & lack of intelligence, as well as popular displeasure in maintaining the status quo. Finally, the importance of "Back to Europe!" civic nationalism is addressed and the miscalculation that Russophones would vote based on on a Russian language preference is discussed. Tables, y. J. Harwell

M.Kouritsyn asserts that contrary to their expectations in 2005 SEA countries could not take advantage of China's investment boom is full. It was caused by two main reasons: 1) SEA courtiers proved to be noncompetitive as investors on the very complicated and intricate Chinese market, and 2) they could not use the long-expected special investment regime declared by both China and ASEAN. Beginning July 20, 2005 the China-ASEAN FTA Framework Agreement took in force, but investment regime liberalization was still negotiated by partners. The author pays attention to primordial low investment profile of SEA companies in China: in 2005 among all foreign enterprises investing in the PRC their share was 4,7% only, in Chinese government approved FDI 4?6%, as well as in realized FDI just 4,1%. Even Singaporean investors, the most successful of all SEA's ones, experience some difficulties in China due to mounting tension from the competitors mainly Taiwanese and Western companies.

A diaspora is a migrant community which crosses borders, retains an ethnic group consciousness and peculiar institutions over extended periods (Cohen, 1997, p. ix). It is an ancient social formation, comprised of people living out of their ancestral homeland, who retain their loyalties toward their co-ethnics and the homeland from which they were forced out (Esman, 1996, p. 317). The Jews were the most ancient and well-known diasporic people. For a long time, "diaspora" meant almost exclusively the Jewish people. Hence diaspora signified a collective trauma, a banishment, where one dreamed of home but lived in exile. However, in recent years other peoples, such as Palestinians, Armenians, Chinese, Tatars, etc., who have settled outside their natal territories but maintain strong collective identities, also have defined themselves as disasporas. As Cohen states, "the description or self-description of such groups as diasporas is now common," which allows a certain degree of social distance to displace a high degree of psychological alienation. Accordingly, during the last decades, disaspora has been rediscovered and expanded to include refugees, gastarbeiters, migrants, expatriates, expellees, political refugees, and ethnic minorities (Safran, 1991, p. 83).

In this article in the special section on Africa in Focus, the author uses a feminist political economic analysis to demonstrate the gendered foundation of state structures & markets in Africa, & the deteriorating economic situation for African women to argue that structures & markets are not gender neutral. A discussion of neoliberalist, neo-Weberian, political economic, & feminist political economy contextualizes the demonstration that the patriarchal ideological foundation of African states & the evolution of the core elements of the states' accumulation strategies through agriculture reforms, privatization, & social sector spending have contributed to the marginalization of the majority of African women. Responses by African women to work in export-free zones, participate in agricultural piecework, drug trafficking, & armed robbery characterize their role as the "shock absorbers for neo-liberal restructuring," & supports the conclusion that the historical, cultural conditions & the gendered foundations of African states place structural limits on women's political agency. References. J. Harwell