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In this provocative and broad-ranging work, the authors argue that the ways in which knowledge - scientific, social and cultural - is produced are undergoing fundamental changes at the end of the twentieth century. They claim that these changes mark a distinct shift into a new mode of knowledge production which is replacing or reforming established institutions, disciplines, practices and policies

Introduction: Economics and "the Economy" -- How Economics forgot Capitalism -- Economics Caught in a Physics Masquerade -- Rethinking Science and Social Science with Critical Realism -- Rethinking Marx and the Economic Science of Capital -- The Uno-Sekine Reconstruction of Capital: Microeconomics of Value, Macroeconomics of Crises -- Levels of Analysis in Marxian Political Economy -- Marxists and Marx's Unfinished Project in Capital -- Conclusion: Capital, Science and Political Economy in the Narrow and sense.

"A critical investigation of modern naturalism is vitally needed for a deeper understanding of pragmatism's ability to offer enriching perspectives on contemporary philosophy of science. The kind of non-reductive naturalism so often associated with pragmatism needs to be assessed for its plausibility, as does whether a pragmatist perspective on different human ways of conceiving of the world can mediate between different points of view, especially those of natural science and common sense"-- Publisher summary

"Throughout history, scientific discovery has interacted with religious belief, creating comment, controversy, and sometimes violent dispute. In this enlightening and accessible volume, distinguished historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edward Larson joins forces with Michael Ruse, philosopher of science and Gifford Lecturer, to offer distinctive perspectives on the sometimes contentious, sometimes conciliatory, and always complex relationship between science and religion. The authors explore how scientists, philosophers, and theologians through time approached vitally important topics, including cosmology, geology, evolution, genetics, neurobiology, gender, and the environment. Broaching their subjects from both historical and philosophical perspectives and taking a global, cross-cultural approach, Larson and Ruse avoid rancor and polemic as they address many of the core issues currently under debate by the adherents of science and the advocates of faith. In so doing, they shed new light on the richly diverse field of ideas at the crossroads where science meets spiritual belief"--Dust jacket

1. Science international (beyond the West) : the ups and downs of trans-cultural science / Varadaraja V. Raman -- 2. Zen, Suzuki and the art of psychotherapy / Anne Harrington -- 3. India's response to Darwin / David L. Gosling -- 4. Perspectives on the relation between science and religion in India / A. Raghuramaraju -- 5. Jagadish Chandra Bose and Vedantic science / C. Mackenzie Brown -- 6. Ancient Indian philosophy meets modern western science : discussions of causality and consciousness in the colonial Indian academy / Nalini Bhushan -- 7. Being religious, being scientific : science, religion and atheism in contemporary India / Renny Thomas -- 8. Betwixt science and religion - East and West : Jesuits in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century southern India / John B. Lourdusamy -- 9. Exploring the contemporary debate over Islam and science in India : portrait of the Aligarh School / Stefano Bigliardi -- 10. How scientific was Islamic science? A case study in the alchemy of al-Razi / Paul Greenham -- 11. Western influences on Greek scholars : the scientific education of Greek Orthodox during the seventeenth century / Efthymios Nicolaidis.

International studies have shown that interest in science and technology among primary and secondary school students in Western European countries is low and seems to be decreasing. In many countries outside Europe, and especially in developing countries, interest in science and technology remains strong. As part of the large-scale European Union funded 'Science Education for Diversity' project, a questionnaire probing potential reasons for this difference was completed by students in the UK, Netherlands, Turkey, Lebanon, India and Malaysia. This questionnaire sought information about favourite courses, extracurricular activities and views on the nature of science. Over 9,000 students aged mainly between 10 and 14 years completed the questionnaire. Results revealed that students in countries outside Western Europe showed a greater interest in school science, in careers related to science and in extracurricular activities related to science than did Western European students. Non-European students were also more likely to hold an empiricist view of the nature of science and to believe that science can solve many problems faced by the world. Multilevel analysis revealed a strong correlation between interest in science and having such a view of the Nature of Science.

International studies have shown that interest in science and technology among primary and secondary school students in Western European countries is low and seems to be decreasing. In many countries outside Europe, and especially in developing countries, interest in science and technology remains strong. As part of the large-scale European Union funded 'Science Education for Diversity' project, a questionnaire probing potential reasons for this difference was completed by students in the UK, Netherlands, Turkey, Lebanon, India and Malaysia. This questionnaire sought information about favourite courses, extracurricular activities and views on the nature of science. Over 9,000 students aged mainly between 10 and 14 years completed the questionnaire. Results revealed that students in countries outside Western Europe showed a greater interest in school science, in careers related to science and in extracurricular activities related to science than did Western European students. Non-European students were also more likely to hold an empiricist view of the nature of science and to believe that science can solve many problems faced by the world. Multilevel analysis revealed a strong correlation between interest in science and having such a view of the Nature of Science.

History and the history of science redux: a preface /Kathyrn Olesko --Introduction: some preliminary considerations on science and civil society /Thomas H. Broman --Body and passions: materialism and the early modern state /Harold J. Cook --The ladies' dairy: gender, mathematics, and civil society in early-eighteenth-century England /Shelley Costa --Differentiating a Republican citizenry: talents, human science, and Enlightenment theories of governance /John Carson --Science, politics, and religion: Humboldtian thinking and the transformations of civil society in Germany, 1830-1870 /Andreas W. Daum --Teaching community via biology in late-nineteenth-century Germany /Lynn K. Nyhart --In service to science and society: scientists and the public in late-nineteenth-century Russia /Elizabeth A. Hachten --Statistical utopianism in an age of aristocratic efficiency /Theodore Porter --The civic uses of science: ethnology and civil society in imperial Germany /H. Glenn Penny --Civil society, science, and empire in late Republic France: the foundation of Paris's Museum of Man /Alice L. Conklin --Saving China through science: the science society of China, scientific nationalism, and civil society in republican China /Zuoyue Wang --Scientists and the problem of the public in Cold War America, 1945-1960 /Jessica Wang --The creative possibilities of science in civil society and public life: a commentary /Celia Applegate.

The discipline of political science has developed an active research program on the development, operation, spread, and impact of international legal norms, agreements, and institutions. Meanwhile, a growing number of public international lawyers have developed an interest in political science research and methods. For more than two decades, scholars have been calling for international lawyers and political scientists to collaborate, and have suggested possible frameworks for doing so. Some prominent collaborations are under way—sharing research methods and insights.

Economists need to understand some fundamental aspects of science in order to measure and analyse the process of technological change. This book explores the interrelationships between economics, science and technology in order to find ways of improving economists' approaches to technical change. Dr Payson begins by offering a scientific critique of economic discourse and presents a unique, unconstrained and critical view of the behavioral differences between economists and scientists. The economic literature on technological change is analysed in order to assess economists' approach to science. The author then offers concrete solutions for the useful economic study of technological change including alternative methods of classifying data based on scientific principles, a characteristics approach to measuring physical capital, and a futuristic exploration into how artificial intelligence may improve economics