Suchergebnisse

The costimulation of immune cells using first-generation anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in human trials. Further clinical development, however, is restricted by significant off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. Here, we have designed an Fc-free tumor-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, 1D8N/CEGa1, consisting of three anti-4-1BB single-chain variable fragments and three anti-EGFR single-domain antibodies positioned in an extended hexagonal conformation around the collagen XVIII homotrimerization domain. The1D8N/CEGa1 trimerbody demonstrated high-avidity binding to 4-1BB and EGFR and a potent in vitro costimulatory capacity in the presence of EGFR. The trimerbody rapidly accumulates in EGFR-positive tumors and exhibits anti-tumor activity similar to IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic mAbs. Importantly, treatment with 1D8N/CEGa1 does not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine production or hepatotoxicity associated with IgG-based 4-1BB agonists. These results implicate FcγR interactions in the 4-1BB-agonist-associated immune abnormalities, and promote the use of the non-canonical antibody presented in this work for safe and effective costimulatory strategies in cancer immunotherapy. ; We thank M. Jure-Kunkel, M. Rescigno and A. Villalobo for reagents, M.G. Gonzalez Bueno and B. Acosta (IIBm) for technical support, and the staff of beamline B21at Diamond Light Source (Didcot, UK) for their excellent technical assistance. This study was supported by grants from the European Union [IACT Project (602262), iNEXT Project (1676) and a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG13-GA-2013-618914)], the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2017-83810-R, RTC-2016-5118-1, SAF2017-83267-C2-1-R, SAF2017-89437-P, and PTQ-16-08340), the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/00357 and PI16/00895), the UK Research and Innovation (18130023), and the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-6110-0053). The CIC bioGUNE is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad award SEV-2016-0644). This study was also funded by FEDER. ; Sí

The Malalmuerzo cave (Moclín, Granada, Spain) has been known since the 1980s for its archaeological remains and rock art, dated to the Neolithic and the Solutrean periods respectively. However, following thirty years of neglect, our team carried out a brief archaeological intervention after looters destroyed parts of the sediment fill of the cave. The refreshing of disturbed surfaces and the examination of a small undisturbed profile produced many archaeological remains attributed to several Magdalenian levels. The levels partially covered the depiction of a red horse, which probably dates to the Solutrean period.

Gender aspects continue to play an important role in science education, conditioning study choices or shaping beliefs about one's own capacities and those of others. Performing arts based initiatives are on the forefront of innovative science education approaches and have participatory, dialogic and dialectic qualities to engage students in democratic, inclusive and reflective ways of learning. Both these dimensions can be brought together in order to explore how arts-based science education can contribute to address gender bias and stereotypes in educational and team-collaborative settings.

Hauptbeschreibung: Computer- und Videospiele werfen in der Praxis Fragen vor allem im Bereich des geistigen Eigentums, im Medien-, Vertriebs-, Wettbewerbs- und Markenrecht sowie im Datenschutzrecht auf. Entsprechend der Dynamik des Technologiesektors und der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich Computer- und Videospiele gerade im Online-Bereich verbreiten, sind zahlreiche Rechtsfragen noch nicht im Einzelnen geklärt.Mit dem ersten Werk zu Computer- und Videospielen für den deutschen und europäischen Marktgreifen die Herausgeber und das internationale Autorenteam ein breites Spektrum praxisrelevanterRec

Background: Healthcare workers are a key occupational group at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). We investigated the prevalence and correlates of STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak (March-July 2020). Methods: Data come from the baseline assessment of a cohort of Spanish hospital workers (n = 5450), recruited from 10 hospitals just after the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (May 5-July 23, 2020). Web-based self-report surveys assessed 30-day STB, individual characteristics, and potentially modifiable contextual factors related to hospital workers' work and financial situation. Results: Thirty-day STB prevalence was estimated at 8.4% (4.9% passive ideation only, 3.5% active ideation with or without a plan or attempt). A total of n = 6 professionals attempted suicide in the past 30 days. In adjusted models, 30-day STB remained significantly associated with pre-pandemic lifetime mood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92) and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.90). Significant modifiable factors included a perceived lack of coordination, communication, personnel, or supervision at work (population-attributable risk proportion [PARP] = 50.5%), and financial stress (PARP = 44.1%). Conclusions and Relevance: Thirty-day STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak was high. Hospital preparedness for virus outbreaks should be increased, and strong governmental policy response is needed to increase financial security among hospital workers. ; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) /FEDER, Grant/Award Number: COV20/00711; ISCIII, Grant/Award Number: Sara Borrell, CD18/00049, PFIS, FI18/00012; FPU, Grant/Award Number: FPU15/05728; Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant/Award Number: 2017SGR452 ; Sí

Healthcare workers are a key occupational group at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). We investigated the prevalence and correlates of STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak (March-July 2020). Data come from the baseline assessment of a cohort of Spanish hospital workers (n = 5450), recruited from 10 hospitals just after the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (May 5-July 23, 2020). Web-based self-report surveys assessed 30-day STB, individual characteristics, and potentially modifiable contextual factors related to hospital workers' work and financial situation. Thirty-day STB prevalence was estimated at 8.4% (4.9% passive ideation only, 3.5% active ideation with or without a plan or attempt). A total of n = 6 professionals attempted suicide in the past 30 days. In adjusted models, 30-day STB remained significantly associated with pre-pandemic lifetime mood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92) and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.90). Significant modifiable factors included a perceived lack of coordination, communication, personnel, or supervision at work (population-attributable risk proportion [PARP] = 50.5%), and financial stress (PARP = 44.1%). Thirty-day STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak was high. Hospital preparedness for virus outbreaks should be increased, and strong governmental policy response is needed to increase financial security among hospital workers.

Los territorios rurales en Colombia enfrentan retos actuales relacionados no sólo con los aspectos sociales fundamentales para la paz, sino, también con las condiciones productivas y ambientales necesarias para avanzar hacia modelos de desarrollo rural sostenibles. Objetivos como alcanzar soberanía alimentaria, luchar contra la pobreza rural, adaptar la agricultura a riesgos emergentes y mitigar el efecto del cambio climático, proteger los recursos naturales especialmente suelo, agua y agrobiodiversidad, asegurar la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos, atender a la creciente demanda de alimentos, entre otros, requieren reconfigurar los sistemas agroalimentarios. Simultáneamente, la agricultura familiar viene siendo promovida por movimientos sociales que reconocen el papel esencial que cumplen de producir alimentos y cuidar la naturaleza y exigen el reconocimiento de su rol y políticas diferenciales que les permitan reproducir dignamente sus condiciones sociales de vida. Fortalecer las distintas formas de agricultura campesina, familiar y comunitaria, requiere de nuevos paradigmas científicos y prácticos en el desarrollo rural; uno de estos es la Agroecología, reconocido como el enfoque científico que mejor reconoce el potencial de la agricultura familiar para ayudar a enfrentar los retos mencionados. La Agroecología en Colombia ha sido promovida desde la década de 1980 por ONG's y la iglesia, y más recientemente por las universidades. La práctica agroecológica ha permitido el surgimiento de innovaciones que han logrado niveles importantes de madurez. Desde la perspectiva de la transición hacia una agricultura sustentable, estas iniciativas comunitarias, reconocidas como "nichos sociotécnicos", se constituyen en espacios protegidos en los cuales se gestan y desarrollan estas innovaciones hasta lograr que se consoliden y generen cambios consistentes en las condiciones de vida de estas comunidades. El propósito de este libro es analizar algunas de estas experiencias agroecológicas desarrolladas por organizaciones de agricultores familiares en distintos lugares del país, nichos sociotécnicos, donde se generaron aprendizajes prácticos con potencial para fortalecer programas de agricultura campesina, familiar y comunitaria. ; Rural territories in Colombia currently face challenges to the peace process, not only in terms of social aspects but also with regards to the agricultural and environmental conditions necessary to move toward sustainable rural development models. Objectives including achieving food sovereignty, fighting rural poverty, adapting agriculture to emergent risks and mitigating the effects of climate change, protecting natural resources especially soils, water and agrobiodiversity, assuring the benefits of ecosystem services, responding to the growing demand for food, among others, require a reconfiguration of the food system. Concurrently, social movements are increasingly promoting family agriculture as a response to the aforementioned challenges. They affirm the essential role of food production in caring for conserving the environment and call for differential political agendas that encourage a dignified social reproduction of livelihoods for family farmers. Strengthening the distinct forms of peasant, family and communal agriculture requires new scientific paradigms as well as new practices of rural development; one of these is Agroecology, the scientific focus that best recognizes the potential of family agriculture to confront present day social-environmental challenges. Since the 1980s, Colombian NGO's and the Catholic Church, and more recently universities, have promoted agroecology. Agroecological practice has led to the emergence of solid innovations. From the perspective of sustainable agriculture, these community-based initiatives, recognized as "social-technical niches", are established within protected spaces. Communities create and develop such innovations until they become established and successfully generate consistent changes in the livelihoods of these communities. The goal of this volume is to analyze some of the agroecological experiences developed by groups of family farmers in different areas of the country, especially those from social-technical niches that generated practices with the potential to strengthen agricultural programs for peasant, family and communal producers.

The Circum-Caribbean and its diasporas constitute a space of relations and disconnections. Historically, the Caribbean served as a bridgehead for the European conquest of the Americas and a point of exchange of human beings, ideas, and commodities. It also became a laboratory of modern forms of social, political, and economic production. Today, the region represents a multilingual space of conviviality for many different cultures, but is also the focus of the dissonances, ruptures and insularities produced by its distinct histories of colonialism and resistance. This interdisciplinary volume seeks to explore how (non-)circulation of ideas occurred historically in the glocal production of knowledge in and about the Caribbean and to formulate a clearer picture of who is creating which vision of the Caribbean, and how. The 33 contributions in this volume shed light on the transversal fields of (1) Academic and Artistic Approaches, (2) Arts and Visual Studies, (3) Environment and Sustainability, (4) Migration and Knowledge Circulation, (5) Entangled Histories and Memories. ; Die Zirkumkaribik und ihre Diaspora ist eine Region der Beziehungen und Brüche, die historisch als Sprungbrett der europäischen Eroberung Amerikas und Umschlagplatz von Menschen, Ideen und Waren sowie als Experimentierfeld moderner sozialer, politischer und ökonomischer Produktionsformen diente. Heute stellt sich die Region als gemeinsamer kultureller, multilingualer Raum des Zusammenlebens dar, der aber auch durch unterschiedliche Kolonial- und Widerstandsgeschichten von Dissonanzen, Brüchen und Insularitäten geprägt ist. Dieser interdisziplinäre, dreisprachige Band untersucht die Zirkulation von Wissensbeständen und Archiven in der glokalen Wissensproduktion in und über die Karibik und zielt auf eine klarere Vorstellung darüber, wer wie bzw. womit welche Karibik entwirft. Die 33 Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit fünf transversalen Themen: (1) Akademische und künstlerische Annäherungen (2) Kunst und Visuelle Studien, (3) Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit, ...

The Circum-Caribbean and its diasporas constitute a space of relations and disconnections. Historically, the Caribbean served as a bridgehead for the European conquest of the Americas and a point of exchange of human beings, ideas, and commodities. It also became a laboratory of modern forms of social, political, and economic production. Today, the region represents a multilingual space of conviviality for many different cultures, but is also the focus of the dissonances, ruptures and insularities produced by its distinct histories of colonialism and resistance. This interdisciplinary volume seeks to explore how (non-)circulation of ideas occurred historically in the glocal production of knowledge in and about the Caribbean and to formulate a clearer picture of who is creating which vision of the Caribbean, and how. The 33 contributions in this volume shed light on the transversal fields of (1) Academic and Artistic Approaches, (2) Arts and Visual Studies, (3) Environment and Sustainability, (4) Migration and Knowledge Circulation, (5) Entangled Histories and Memories. ; Die Zirkumkaribik und ihre Diaspora ist eine Region der Beziehungen und Brüche, die historisch als Sprungbrett der europäischen Eroberung Amerikas und Umschlagplatz von Menschen, Ideen und Waren sowie als Experimentierfeld moderner sozialer, politischer und ökonomischer Produktionsformen diente. Heute stellt sich die Region als gemeinsamer kultureller, multilingualer Raum des Zusammenlebens dar, der aber auch durch unterschiedliche Kolonial- und Widerstandsgeschichten von Dissonanzen, Brüchen und Insularitäten geprägt ist. Dieser interdisziplinäre, dreisprachige Band untersucht die Zirkulation von Wissensbeständen und Archiven in der glokalen Wissensproduktion in und über die Karibik und zielt auf eine klarere Vorstellung darüber, wer wie bzw. womit welche Karibik entwirft. Die 33 Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit fünf transversalen Themen: (1) Akademische und künstlerische Annäherungen (2) Kunst und Visuelle Studien, (3) Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit, ...

The Circum-Caribbean and its diasporas constitute a space of relations and disconnections. Historically, the Caribbean served as a bridgehead for the European conquest of the Americas and a point of exchange of human beings, ideas, and commodities. It also became a laboratory of modern forms of social, political, and economic production. Today, the region represents a multilingual space of conviviality for many different cultures, but is also the focus of the dissonances, ruptures and insularities produced by its distinct histories of colonialism and resistance. This interdisciplinary volume seeks to explore how (non-)circulation of ideas occurred historically in the glocal production of knowledge in and about the Caribbean and to formulate a clearer picture of who is creating which vision of the Caribbean, and how. The 33 contributions in this volume shed light on the transversal fields of (1) Academic and Artistic Approaches, (2) Arts and Visual Studies, (3) Environment and Sustainability, (4) Migration and Knowledge Circulation, (5) Entangled Histories and Memories. ; Die Zirkumkaribik und ihre Diaspora ist eine Region der Beziehungen und Brüche, die historisch als Sprungbrett der europäischen Eroberung Amerikas und Umschlagplatz von Menschen, Ideen und Waren sowie als Experimentierfeld moderner sozialer, politischer und ökonomischer Produktionsformen diente. Heute stellt sich die Region als gemeinsamer kultureller, multilingualer Raum des Zusammenlebens dar, der aber auch durch unterschiedliche Kolonial- und Widerstandsgeschichten von Dissonanzen, Brüchen und Insularitäten geprägt ist. Dieser interdisziplinäre, dreisprachige Band untersucht die Zirkulation von Wissensbeständen und Archiven in der glokalen Wissensproduktion in und über die Karibik und zielt auf eine klarere Vorstellung darüber, wer wie bzw. womit welche Karibik entwirft. Die 33 Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit fünf transversalen Themen: (1) Akademische und künstlerische Annäherungen (2) Kunst und Visuelle Studien, (3) Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit, ...

The Circum-Caribbean and its diasporas constitute a space of relations and disconnections. Historically, the Caribbean served as a bridgehead for the European conquest of the Americas and a point of exchange of human beings, ideas, and commodities. It also became a laboratory of modern forms of social, political, and economic production. Today, the region represents a multilingual space of conviviality for many different cultures, but is also the focus of the dissonances, ruptures and insularities produced by its distinct histories of colonialism and resistance. This interdisciplinary volume seeks to explore how (non-)circulation of ideas occurred historically in the glocal production of knowledge in and about the Caribbean and to formulate a clearer picture of who is creating which vision of the Caribbean, and how. The 33 contributions in this volume shed light on the transversal fields of (1) Academic and Artistic Approaches, (2) Arts and Visual Studies, (3) Environment and Sustainability, (4) Migration and Knowledge Circulation, (5) Entangled Histories and Memories. ; Die Zirkumkaribik und ihre Diaspora ist eine Region der Beziehungen und Brüche, die historisch als Sprungbrett der europäischen Eroberung Amerikas und Umschlagplatz von Menschen, Ideen und Waren sowie als Experimentierfeld moderner sozialer, politischer und ökonomischer Produktionsformen diente. Heute stellt sich die Region als gemeinsamer kultureller, multilingualer Raum des Zusammenlebens dar, der aber auch durch unterschiedliche Kolonial- und Widerstandsgeschichten von Dissonanzen, Brüchen und Insularitäten geprägt ist. Dieser interdisziplinäre, dreisprachige Band untersucht die Zirkulation von Wissensbeständen und Archiven in der glokalen Wissensproduktion in und über die Karibik und zielt auf eine klarere Vorstellung darüber, wer wie bzw. womit welche Karibik entwirft. Die 33 Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit fünf transversalen Themen: (1) Akademische und künstlerische Annäherungen (2) Kunst und Visuelle Studien, (3) Umwelt und Nachhaltigkeit, ...

Son tiempos de protesta en América Latina. Desde los levantamientos del otoño de 2019 hasta la actualidad, los pueblos de la región se están expresando en contra las políticas de ajuste neoliberal que, combinadas con la pandemia del Coronavirus, han golpeado duramente las condiciones materiales de vida de las mayorías sociales. El crecimiento de la desigualdad, la pobreza y la precarización es el producto de una estrategia regional extendida a través de las instituciones financieras internacionales y de los grandes actores económicos que, junto con los gobiernos nacionales, capturados o cómplices, expanden la llamada Lex Mercatoria a través de mecanismos que subvierten los cauces democráticos para eludir la voluntad popular. Frente a la extensión de la construcción jurídica de este modelo autoritario neoliberal, la ciencia crítica señala igualmente que el Derecho debe ser (y ha sido en distintos momentos históricos) un instrumento estratégico de efectiva alteración de las prácticas reales vigentes, capaz de impulsar la construcción normativa de una sociedad más justa, democrática y comunitario-participativa. De la Introducción de Adoración Guamán y Carol Proner

Altres ajuts: La Marató de TV3 Foundation, Government of Catalonia, Catalan Society of Cardiology, "La Caixa" Banking Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Institute of Health Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund. ; Small cardiac tissue engineering constructs show promise for limiting post-infarct sequelae in animal models. This study sought to scale-up a 2-cm 2 preclinical construct into a human-size advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP; PeriCord), and to test it in a first-in-human implantation. The PeriCord is a clinical-size (12-16 cm 2) decellularised pericardial matrix colonised with human viable Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs). WJ-MSCs expanded following good manufacturing practices (GMP) met safety and quality standards regarding the number of cumulative population doublings, genomic stability, and sterility. Human decellularised pericardial scaffolds were tested for DNA content, matrix stiffness, pore size, and absence of microbiological growth. PeriCord implantation was surgically performed on a large non-revascularisable scar in the inferior wall of a 63-year-old male patient. Coronary artery bypass grafting was concomitantly performed in the non-infarcted area. At implantation, the 16-cm 2 pericardial scaffold contained 12·5 × 10 6 viable WJ-MSCs (85·4% cell viability; <0·51 endotoxin units (EU)/mL). Intraoperative PeriCord delivery was expeditious, and secured with surgical glue. The post-operative course showed non-adverse reaction to the PeriCord, without requiring host immunosuppression. The three-month clinical follow-up was uneventful, and three-month cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed ~9% reduction in scar mass in the treated area. This preliminary report describes the development of a scalable clinical-size allogeneic PeriCord cardiac bioimplant, and its first-in-human implantation. La Marató de TV3 Foundation, Government of Catalonia, Catalan Society of Cardiology, "La Caixa" Banking Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Institute of Health Carlos III, and the European Regional Development Fund.

Los territorios rurales en Colombia enfrentan retos actuales relacionados no sólo con los aspectos sociales fundamentales para la paz, sino, también con las condiciones productivas y ambientales necesarias para avanzar hacia modelos de desarrollo rural sostenibles. Objetivos como alcanzar soberanía alimentaria, luchar contra la pobreza rural, adaptar la agricultura a riesgos emergentes y mitigar el efecto del cambio climático, proteger los recursos naturales especialmente suelo, agua y agrobiodiversidad, asegurar la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos, atender a la creciente demanda de alimentos, entre otros, requieren reconfigurar los sistemas agroalimentarios. Simultáneamente, la agricultura familiar viene siendo promovida por movimientos sociales que reconocen el papel esencial que cumplen de producir alimentos y cuidar la naturaleza y exigen el reconocimiento de su rol y políticas diferenciales que les permitan reproducir dignamente sus condiciones sociales de vida. Fortalecer las distintas formas de agricultura campesina, familiar y comunitaria, requiere de nuevos paradigmas científicos y prácticos en el desarrollo rural; uno de estos es la Agroecología, reconocido como el enfoque científico que mejor reconoce el potencial de la agricultura familiar para ayudar a enfrentar los retos mencionados. La Agroecología en Colombia ha sido promovida desde la década de 1980 por ONG's y la Iglesia, y más recientemente por las universidades. La práctica agroecológica ha permitido el surgimiento de innovaciones que han logrado niveles importantes de madurez. Desde la perspectiva de la transición hacia una agricultura sustentable, estas iniciativas comunitarias, reconocidas como "nichos sociotécnicos", se constituyen en espacios protegidos en los cuales se gestan y desarrollan estas innovaciones hasta lograr que se consoliden y generen cambios consistentes en las condiciones de vida de estas comunidades. El propósito de este libro es analizar algunas de estas experiencias agroecológicas desarrolladas por organizaciones de agricultores familiares en distintos lugares del país, nichos sociotécnicos, donde se generaron aprendizajes prácticos con potencial para fortalecer programas de agricultura campesina, familiar y comunitaria. ; Rural territories in Colombia currently face challenges to the peace process, not only in terms of social aspects but also with regards to the agricultural and environmental conditions necessary to move toward sustainable rural development models. Objectives including achieving food sovereignty, fighting rural poverty, adapting agriculture to emergent risks and mitigating the effects of climate change, protecting natural resources especially soils, water and agrobiodiversity, assuring the benefits of ecosystem services, responding to the growing demand for food, among others, require a reconfiguration of the food system. Concurrently, social movements are increasingly promoting family agriculture as a response to the aforementioned challenges. They affirm the essential role of food production in caring for conserving the environment and call for differential political agendas that encourage a dignified social reproduction of livelihoods for family farmers. Strengthening the distinct forms of peasant, family and communal agriculture requires new scientific paradigms as well as new practices of rural development; one of these is Agroecology, the scientific focus that best recognizes the potential of family agriculture to confront present day social-environmental challenges. Since the 1980s, Colombian NGO's and the Catholic Church, and more recently universities, have promoted agroecology. Agroecological practice has led to the emergence of solid innovations. From the perspective of sustainable agriculture, these community-based initiatives, recognized as "social-technical niches", are established within protected spaces. Communities create and develop such innovations until they become established and successfully generate consistent changes in the livelihoods of these communities. The goal of this volume is to analyze some of the agroecological experiences developed by groups of family farmers in different areas of the country, especially those from social-technical niches that generated practices with the potential to strengthen agricultural programs for peasant, family and communal producers.

Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty‐two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not‐permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self‐regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.