Suchergebnisse

Abstract. Although much has been discovered concerning the resources and preferences that parties take into the coalition formation game in Western European parliamentary democracies, we know a good deal less about the payoffs they receive. Portfolios constitute an important payoff, not just because they provide access to patronage, but because influence over policy decisions tends to go with control over the key government portfolios. It is easy to discover which and how many portfolios each party holds in any government, but what is missing is accurate measurement of the value or salience of these portfolios. Some attempts have been made to measure portfolio salience, but they have lacked one or more of the following properties: cross‐national scope, country‐specific measurement, coverage of the full set of postwar portfolios, measurement by multiple experts and measurement at the interval level. In this article, we present a new data contribution: a set of portfolio salience scores that possesses all of these properties for 14 Western European countries derived from an expert survey. We demonstrate the comprehensiveness and reliability of the ratings, and undertake some preliminary analyses that show what the ratings reveal about parliamentary government in Western Europe.

The European Union's (EU) universities and their provision of higher education (HE) to international students remains one of its most powerful global development and cultural assets. The EU operates a wide-ranging set of strategies to assist Africa in enhancing the quality and quantity of its HE. But an 8% average enrolment rate across all sub-Saharan African nations is still much lower than the average of 20-40% for all other developing regions. Currently, only one percent of total African GDP is spent on higher education. Africa will not grow its graduate labour force relying solely on its public universities and/or public support from international bodies like the EU. International private provision must play a greater role. Yet EU's strategy towards HE in Africa fails to understand or to engage the private sector to help grow the number of Africans undertaking tertiary study. There has been no effort to learn from the success of international private provision in Asia. This study identifies the benefits and opportunities of international private provision and proposes a set of next steps as part of a targeted 'strategy of engagement' for greater international private involvement in higher education in Africa. The EU currently does not, but needs, to play a role in these next steps.

There is little doubt that increasing polarization over the last decade has transformed the American political landscape. In The Other Divide, Yanna Krupnikov and John Barry Ryan challenge the nature and extent of that polarization. They find that more than party, Americans are divided by involvement in politics. On one side is a group of Americans who are deeply involved in politics and very expressive about their political views; on the other side is a group much less involved in day-to-day political outcomes. While scholars and journalists have assumed that those who are most vocal about their political views are representative of America at large, they are in fact a relatively small group whose voices are amplified by the media. By considering the political differences between the deeply involved and the rest of the American public, Krupnikov and Ryan present a broader picture of the American electorate than the one that often appears in the news.

Twenty years have passed from the Sorbonne Declaration in 1999 to the current day, atimeframe in which we have seen the incredible changes that have happened in higherschool systems in numerous nations of the world, explicitly the nations having a place withthe European Higher Education Area (EHEA).Four nations began by marking the 1999 Declaration, today there are now forty-eightnations associated with the EHEA.In this article, a visit through the achievements that have been forming and plying the EHEAis made, resolving the most pertinent issues tended to in the various gatherings of thepriests of advanced education. Then, we will stop at quite possibly the most important pointerof the EHEA: the quality affirmation frameworks that, in light of the Bologna Process, havebeen conveyed both at the supranational and public levels. We will make an outlineof the execution of instructive quality in the nations.At long last, we will considerthe effect that the viewpoint of instructive quality has had in the nations of theEuropean Higher Education Area.

To respond to the market turmoil following the demise of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the majority of European countries imposed short‐selling restrictions on their equity markets. Such a regulatory intervention is likely to have impact on the price formation process and information transmission between markets. We find that the long‐run cointegrating relation between the high‐ and low‐risk country groups in Europe broke down as the crisis emerged and the regulatory remedy failed to correct this. Furthermore, we find the information transmission between markets has reversed from the high‐risk to low‐risk markets in the period following the Lehman demise and imposition of the ban. Further, we notice a similar reversal in the spillover of both return and volatility processes between the different risk‐level country groups. We, therefore, conclude that, overall, the 2008 short‐selling ban had an adverse impact on information transmission between the identified country portfolios in both the long and short run. Notably, the ban did not restore the pre‐crisis transmission channels.

The EU Framework Programmes (FPs) constitute large arenas for R&D funding and cooperation with research groups in Europe and beyond. For Norway, participation in the EU Framework Programmes (FP) has become an increasingly important dimension of national R&D and innovation policy. Current national R&D priorities are well harmonized with the European agenda, and the annual contribution to Horizon 2020 constitutes a major national investment. Against this background, it is legitimate to expect a considerable return from the participation, both in economic, scientific and societal terms. This report describes a study where we focus on project consortia and their importance for success, participation and cooperation in EU framework programmes. In large parts of these programmes, joining and composing the right consortium is considered a key factor for success. The main questions behind this study is therefore: What characterises successful consortia in EU framework programmes? To what extent are Norwegian researchers and research groups able to form and join such consortia

"Freedom is Our Religion" : Enabling the Religious Dimensions of Political Life -- Gold Domed Kyiv : An Atmosphere of Religiosity -- Radical Hope : The Maidan as Historic Event -- The Aesthetics of Relatedness : Commemorative Spirits and Public Space -- Serving on the Front and the Home Front : Military Chaplains in Public Institutions -- Conclusion : The Politics of Hope and Belonging.

Introduction -- Black women's politics : historically innate -- Policy interests & women, minorities & minority women -- Through the lens of black women : the significance of obama's campaign -- Race & gender in national politics : the origins and intersections of the two -- The impact of the media's portrayal of black women -- Network and campaign financing -- The voting rights act : 21st century changes and application -- Conclusions, points of interest, and recommendations for future research -- Conclusion