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Contributions in this thematic issue focus explicitly on citizens and their online engagement with European politics. For social media research in the European Union, citizens remain an understudied actor type in comparison with political elites or news organizations. The reason, we argue, is four key challenges facing social media research in the European Union: legal, ethical, technical, and cultural. To introduce this thematic issue, we outline these four challenges and illustrate how they relate to each contribution. Given that these challenges are unlikely to dissipate, we stress the need for open dialogue about them. A key part of that involves contextualizing research findings within the constraints in which they are produced. Despite these challenges, the contributions showcase that a theoretical and empirical focus on citizens' social media activity can illuminate key insights into vitally important topics for contemporary Europe. These include civic participation, institutional communication, media consumption, gender inequality, and populism.

International audience ; This article focuses on the idea, repeatedly reasserted in the second tetralogy, of the impossibility of refounding trust in the political order after the initial "sin" of the deposition of Richard II by Bolingbroke-trust being defined in Georg Simmel's sense as as the possibility of investing in a future that can be expected to be the continuation of the present. 2 Henry IV shows a feudal society poised on the cusp of modernity, presenting a particularly acute moment of the aporia of trust in the political sphere. It posits both the necessity of faith to establish a stable form of order and the impossibility of guaranteeing the latter on solid grounds. Although it is not known whether Shakespeare had read Machiavelli, it has often been remarked that he includes some intriguing echoes of The Prince. What seems to have gone unnoticed is that Machiavelli's treatise offers a particularly pertinent analysis of the problem of political trust, issuing a series of recommendations to quell the crisis of trust in "new" principalities. This article follows up this lead to analyse the manifestations of the crisis of trust and of its problematic resolution in 2 Henry IV in the light of Machiavelli.-Cet article s'intéresse à l'idée, obstinément répétée dans la seconde tétralogie, de l'impossibilité de refonder la confinance dans l'ordre politique après le "péché" originel de la déposition de Richard II par Bolingbroke-la confiance étant définie dans le sens que lui donne Georg Simmel de possibilité d'investir dans un avenir dont on peut espérer qu'il sera une continuation du présent. 2 Henry IV met en scène une société féodale à l'aube de la modernité et présente un moment aigu de l'aporie de la confiance dans la sphère politique. La pièce pose à la fois la nécessité de la foi pour établir une forme stable d'ordre et l'impossiblité de garantir une telle foi sur des bases solides. Bien qu'il soit toujours impossible de savoir avec certitude si Shakespeare avait lu Machiavel, on a souvent noté que ...

At 200 years of the birth of Karl Marx and more than 150 years after the publication of his famous work El Capital. Criticism of the political economy, the aim of this work is to investigate the validity of its legacy in order to analyse contemporary processes. Marx's thinking established a turning point for the life of oppressed people as it managed, in the same movement, to understand the deep relationships that structure capitalist societies and to provide the keys to transform them through their liberating dialectics. In this regard, we will seek to regain some central concepts of the approach designed by Marx, in order to highlight different piles that are going through the struggle of classes both globally and in Latin America and, in particular, in Argentina. After investigating four key aspects of Marx's legacy, we have the opportunity to record the last decades of the capitalist accumulation process and the struggle of classes in Latin America, pointing out three scenarios. We then analyse the case of Argentina today, where tensions in the third regional scenario are condensed with the particularities of the political, economic and social dispute at national level. Institute for Research in Humanities and Social Sciences ; A 200 años del nacimiento de Karl Marx y a más de 150 de la publicación de su célebre obra El Capital. Crítica de la economía política, el presente trabajo se propone indagar acerca de la vigencia de su legado para analizar los procesos contemporáneos. El pensamiento de Marx estableció un punto de inflexión para la vida de los oprimidos en tanto logró, en un mismo movimiento, comprender las relaciones profundas que estructuran a las sociedades capitalistas y proveer las claves para transformarlas mediante su dialéctica liberadora. En este sentido, buscaremos recuperar algunos conceptos centrales del enfoque diseñado por Marx, para poner de relieve distintas encrucijadas que atraviesan la lucha de clases tanto a nivel global como en Latinoamérica y, particularmente, en Argentina.Tras ...

Australia and New Zealand are routinely presented as sharing more in common than the federal and unitary systems separating them. As two modernising Antipodean settler societies, their governing trajectories have embraced waves of public administration/management reform. Shared pathways seem matched by their relative, although precarious and fragile, early successes in the crisis challenges of COVID-19. This article contextualises and examines one crucial point of separation: two very different crisis governance routes to such outcomes. Australia's federal variant of multi-level governance, more used to addressing diverse regional challenges than shared national threats, has been characterised by an evolving balancing act of multi-jurisdictional agendas and bureaucratic–political conflicts. By contrast, New Zealand's unitary system of governance, well-versed in the centralisation of power, has produced lower levels of intergovernmental conflict. Our analysis of these differing pathways also makes a contribution to our conceptual understanding of successful crisis governance.Points for practitionersAdministrative arrangements based around federal or unitary systems are both quite capable of contributing to successful outcomes. Essential for both are inclusive crisis discussions that are consistent with the norms of the respective systems. Success can be fragile, especially in a pandemic. Appropriate inclusive discussions can facilitate responses to cascading crisis developments and act as a safeguard against complacency.

Monks, masters, and missionaries : from "teachership" to schools in late Muscovy -- The navigation school and the "profit-maker" -- The Naval Academy and the "Imposter baron without any diploma" -- The naval schools and Peter I's Grand Reglaments, 1710s-1730s -- The Noble Cadet Corps and the Pietist Field Marshal, 1730s -- The fops, the courtiers, the favorites, and other reformers of the service schools, 1740s-1760s.

This research paper provides a perspective on how climate change adaptation has progressed in the multilateral space, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It describes adaptation and financial institutions under the climate regime and the current scope of their activities. The paper highlights the challenges that lie ahead, particularly around financing, for developing countries to adapt to a rapidly warming world and presents recommendations for the governments to accord higher priority to adaptation.

This article examines how resources were allocated from the central government to rural households through China's targeted poverty alleviation program. The fieldwork in different regions from 2015 to 2019 revealed that local social rules and structures distorted the allocation of anti-poverty resources. In 'solidarity' villages, resources targeted disadvantaged groups recognized by local but not official rules. In 'individualized' villages without strong local rules, resources were given to 'troublemakers.' In 'factional' villages, a scramble for resources occurred. The anti-poverty resources activated the rural social structures and rules, which finally diversified the outcomes of resource flows. This study suggests that a deep understanding of local traditions is needed in policy design and implementation to tackle the existing social rules and achieve the original policy target. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

An engaging history of electioneering in Britain from the 18th century to the present, this book highlights how the television age has altered the interaction of politicians and public and asks what the media must now do to reinvigorate public politics

This article reflects upon the author's long fieldwork experience on party politics in the hybrid political regime of Turkey. It illustrates the ethical and practical challenges that the political context poses for research and elaborates on two interrelated issues. Firstly, the observations and findings that researchers may obtain and present in such a polarised and semi-authoritarian setting can be remarkably different from the expectations of the research participants. This poses a challenge to the principles of not doing harm and of informed consent, and requires researchers to negotiate these principles in order to convey meaningful research outcomes while being uncompromising with respect to the principle of anonymity/confidentiality. The other dilemma is that, in settings where politics imposes itself on bureaucratic and legal institutions as well as on the economy, researchers may find themselves in extremely vulnerable positions before powerful research participants. To what extent should the researcher tolerate being treated badly and how should the researcher deal with such contexts? In this article, the author proposes that Max Weber's recommendation in his article "Science as Vocation" - to avoid extremely politicised positions - still remains relevant in ethical and practical respects.

This research investigates the politics of trucking technologies during a critical period in its history: 1971 to1980. I ask how different technologies were adopted by politically active trucking organizations, such a unions, organized independent truckers, and trucking carriers. The technologies I focus my research on are the ones most prevalent in the archival records, which are Citizen Band (CB) radios, mainframe computers, polygraph machines, and an attempted redesign of the cab. I ask, who initiated use of the new technologies, and what were the visible impacts of these technologies on those organizations? What, if anything, can we learn from this history about the nature of technology and technological change?Using a comparative historical case comparison method, I find that the technologies had a wide range of political and social impacts. Technologies like CB radios had a politically and culturally democratizing effect on both independent and union truckers. The mainframe computer functioned as an efficient management tool for both the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and trucking carriers. Finally, some technologies promoted by trucking carriers were perceived as exploitative by truckers and labor unions. I use these findings to speculate on the politics of two 21st century trucking technologies (automated platoons and Electronic Logging Devices) that may potentially impact drivers in similar ways to technologies used by management in the 1970's.