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Swidden agriculture in tropical Asia is a diverse practice, making it difficult to draw general conclusions on trends of the development of swidden fallow secondary forests (SFSF). There is, however, sufficient evidence to recognise trends of a gradual intensification often through the incorporation of extensive tree crop production in SFSF, or a direct conversion to intensive tree cash cropping. Factors contributing to the changes include emerging markets for cash crops or timber and pulp wood production, government policies and development projects, fire, and population pressures. In Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia, there is evidence of change towards tree and cash crop based production systems. In northeastern India, there is improved fallow management to sustain or enhance productivity of the shortened swidden agricultural cycle to support a subsistence economy. In Sri Lanka, biophysical factors inhibit the development of intensive agroforestry systems. Although swidden fallow land use has often been stigmatised as leading to forest decline and a related decline in the environmental functions that forests provide, there is sufficient evidence suggesting that conversion of a SFSF dominated landscape to more intensive tree cropping can have a negative environmental impact. Some general options for the evolution of swidden agriculture under different stages of a land use intensification model are considered.

This article introduces the essays published in this journal issue that were presented at a roundtable during the 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Assoc in Washington, DC. The essayists highlight the contributions of area studies to comparative politics & the political science discipline. However, they also criticize the discipline for its underestimation of political science insights coming from outside the US & Western Europe. Area studies can be central for the revitalization of comparative politics, especially now in the post-Cold War & global era. M. Pflum

In this chapter, Dr. Freireich talks about the many changes that occurred at MD Anderson under the leadership of Dr. Charles LeMaistre. ; https://openworks.mdanderson.org/mchv_interviewchapters/1165/thumbnail.jpg

ABSTRACTDuring the past eight years, interest in thermal‐distillation and membrane‐separation processes has increased in the UK. Whilst distillation is a mature technology, and reverse osmosis has had setbacks in the last decade, both processes continue to be developed. To illustrate this development, two case studies have been selected.

The social composition of an unselected sample of 282 English children and adolescents aged eight to 16 years involved in intensive training in four sports, football, swimming, tennis and gymnastics, was investigated. Working class children and children from lone parent families were under‐represented in all sports. The costs of participation in intensive training were determined, and it was concluded that financial considerations as well as difficulties of access to training facilities were major deterrents to participation by disadvantaged children. Over a period of a two year follow up, working class children were more likely to withdraw from intensive training than middle class children. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.