Suchergebnisse

Increasing bike traffic in many European countries is a sign of a shift in planning paradigms towards more sustainable mobility cultures. It is also the result of 20 to 30 years of evolution and refinement in the training of urban and transport planners. Capacity development is therefore key when it comes to changing mobility cultures. Nevertheless, the day-to-day work of transport planners still focuses mostly on motorised traffic and the tasks of creating a smooth traffic flow, improving accessibility, and maintaining infrastructure. Cycling plays only a minor role, with efforts often still concentrated on the building of cycle lanes. The broader strategic goal of how to make urban mobility culture more sustainable – and within this the need to focus on cycling as an everyday mode of transport – is often neglected. Direct regulation is not possible when it comes to mobility cultures. Instead they represent a community-wide (communication) process that calls for a new planning paradigm: Besides the political will to establish a sustainable urban mobility culture, emphasis must also be placed on skills and training for urban and transport planners.

This article reviews major events and trends in metropolitan transportation planning and policy during the 1990s in three divergent Pacific Rim jurisdictions: New Zealand, Chile, and California. Major metropolitan areas in each country have seen rising motorization, increasing congestion, and privatization of transportation services. Devolution of transportation planning responsibility has occurred; to a lesser degree, funding responsibility has been devolved from central to regional/local government. New Zealand pushed privatization harder in the 1990s than either Chile or California. While no dominant model of transportation planning has emerged, metropolitan-level planning has become more prominent in each country studies.

Bibliography: p. 32. ; Introduction -- Purpose -- Definition -- Discussion -- Steps in the land use planning process -- Acknowledgments -- Organization -- Authorizing legislation -- Institutions and administration -- Citizen participation -- Jobs to do in planning -- Inventory and basic data collection -- Base maps -- Land and water areas -- Soils and geology -- Land use and land cover -- Land ownership -- Population -- Establishing planning units -- Identification of present and estimating future needs -- Land needs -- Water needs -- People needs -- Description of physical factors -- Physiography, geology and soils -- Climate and stream flow -- Land cover -- Lakes, estuaries, wetlands and beaches -- Demographic, sociological and development factors -- Population -- Types of development -- Land uses -- Estimates of future needs -- Water needs -- Policy -- Goals and objectives -- Developing a workable plan -- Assumptions -- Introducing plan elements -- A model plan -- Appendix -- standard Land use classes -- Bibliography. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"1 May 1995." ; Shipping list no.: 95-0275-P. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the production of knowledge about Planning and Sizing of the Health Workforce (PDFTS) developed in Brazil, identifying models and methodologies that consider the Guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS) for the constitution of regionalized care networks. This is an integrative review, including Brazilian studies and full text, in Portuguese, and available in the CAPES, BVS and Google Scholar databases. The searches returned 48,083 documents and, after selection with the PRISMA strategy, 62 studies published between 2011 and 2020 were included. Most of the analyzed productions approach the PDFTS with comparative analyzes between the estimated needs and the current availability, being more frequent the studies of only one professional category, with emphasis on nursing. The findings contribute to the debate on the essentiality of the health workforce for the conformation of networks, by demonstrating that the calculation methods favor the use of indicators and parameters related to the provision of services in specific health facilities, especially hospitals, not operationalizing aspects of regionalization and systemic integration of the Health Care Network.