Suchergebnisse

Résumé Dans les années 1960 et 1970, l'adoption internationale devient un phénomène de société transnational, notamment en raison de l'engagement de mouvements comme Terre des Hommes . L'étude de ce nouvel acteur et de ce nouveau phénomène permet d'évaluer les relations entre acteurs transnationaux et États. Les États de départ des enfants comme la Corée du Sud, le Vietnam en guerre ou la Colombie ne consentent aux organisations comme tdh que l'espace minimum nécessaire à leur action. En France, l'État mène une politique de régulation qui s'appuie sur le débat dont l'adoption internationale est l'objet. Confrontée à l'évolution du phénomène et à des dissensions internes, Terre des Hommes révise sa position sur cette forme d'aide particulière au Tiers-monde et passe de l'engagement au renoncement.

Politique internationale de l'Union européenne et identité européenne : apports et limites des approches constructivistes Cette analyse vise à comprendre pourquoi la politique internationale de l'Union européenne contribue si peu au développement d'une identification des citoyens à l'UE. Elle constate d'abord que cette problématique est généralement abordée sous forme de description, de regret ou de prescription. Elle tente ensuite de montrer comment certaines approches théoriques de type constructiviste peuvent contribuer à mieux conceptualiser la question de recherche. La méthodologie discursive se révèle ainsi particulièrement stimulante pour mieux clarifier les termes employés, dégager les enjeux de pouvoir sous-jacents et pour éviter les erreurs de communication actuelles qui conduisent à une désaffection des citoyens par rapport à l'Union européenne.

AbstractThe impact of international labour migration on human wellbeing and socioeconomic development in communities of origin is an important yet understudied issue in contemporary migration research. This study examines whether men's labour migration from rural Armenia to Russia and other international destinations enhances the economic and social connections of the left‐behind households to their communities or, on the contrary, undermines those connections and encourages household members' own migration. Using survey data, it compares families of migrants and non‐migrants with respect to ownership of productive and major non‐productive assets in the community and women's non‐farm labour force participation, their social engagement in the village, and their desires to migrate abroad. The results of statistical tests indicate that men's migration is negatively associated with households' asset ownership and with women's non‐farm employment. The results for women's social engagement in their villages are less consistent. Finally, regardless of economic attachment, social engagement, and a host of other factors, wives of migrants were significantly more likely to wish to move abroad than women married to non‐migrants, and the difference in propensity to emigrate between migrants' and non‐migrants' wives increases with duration of husband's migration. We situate these findings in the context of Central Eurasia's international labour migration system and discuss their implications for future migration trends and for socioeconomic development of Armenia and similar settings.

Freshwater is an increasingly scarce resource globally, and effective sustainable management will be absolutely crucial in the future. This timely book sets out future scenarios of international trade in both 'real' and 'virtual' water, examining the relationship between climate change, water scarcity, the human right to water and World Trade Organization law. This book addresses questions of global importance such as: how can international trade in bulk water contribute to the advancement of the human right to water? Are 'green-boxed' irrigation subsidies disturbing the markets? Should water-footprint process and production methods allow for a different treatment of otherwise 'like' products? From examining the impact of water law on small-scale farmers in developing countries, to the broader issue of global environmental responsibility, Fitzgerald Temmerman explores the options available for fair resource allocation through international law arrangements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. By taking a wide-reaching and non-technical approach, this book will capture the attention not only of international trade law professionals, but of all stakeholders in the field. With such relevance to contemporary environmental issues, this book will also be of interest to non-legally qualified individuals who want to comprehend the future possibilities of fair water trade --Back cover

This article intends to help understand the debate about TTIP by focusing on the specific issue of how TTIP may regulate investment protection of foreign-owned property. It gives an overview of the international law of expropriations of and other interferences with foreign-owned property for public welfare objectives such as public health and safety, environmental protection, public morals, the promotion and protection of cultural diversity and human rights, and asks whether such interferences require the payment of compensation. It also describes the role arbitrators played in the development of the international law concerning the taking of foreign-owned property. With this legal background in mind it elaborates that TTIP investment protection rules and dispute settlement provisions may be an indicator on what TTIP really is: an instrument for the benefit of the citizens in Europe and the United States or a means to outplace national interests and democracy in favor of multinational enterprises. The article expresses the hope that the protection of foreign-owned property will not be regulated in the TTIP agreement and that the settlement of investment disputes between investors and states will not be put into the hands of arbitrators but of the judges of the country where the taking took place.

The Mediterranean Programme The Mediterranean Programme was set up at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute in 1998. The Programme focuses on research that concerns the Euro- Mediterranean area, thus embracing Southern Europe, the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa, including the countries involved in the Barcelona Process. As a part of the Mediterranean Programme, the annual Mediterranean Research Meeting (MRM) brings together scholars from across the region. The MRM has been organised annually since March 2000. It has become one of the major gatherings in Europe of social and political scientists, economists, lawyers and historians working on topics related to the Middle East & North Africa, and recently also to Southern & South-Eastern Europe, their mutual relationships and their relations with Europe. The Mediterranean Programme and its activities have been financed by: Banca d'Italia, Capitalia, Compagnia di San Paolo, Comune di Firenze, Eni S.p.A., European Investment Bank, Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, the European Commission, and Regione Toscana. ; Political stability in the Middle East seems an illusion, particularly in Palestine. This paper compares three variables (religious, political and international interests) that, through a four-period partition (the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the millet system, the British Mandate, the partition plans and the constitutional forms proposed, and the system adopted afterwards), led Palestine to the present situation. With the creation of the Mandate in 1922, the primary task of the British Government was to find a convenient solution to lead Palestine to independence with a constitutional structure and later with a convenient partition between Arabs and Jews. An impossible task due to the conflicting interests of the two communities, of the other international actors and to the outbreak of the Second World War. ; (Product of workshop No. 5 at the 11th MRM 2010)

The position between workers and workers in labor law always places an unbalanced position, where the position of workers will always be in a weak position. In the dispute over industrial relations disputes regulated in Law Number 2 of 2004 the basis for evidence is based on Article 163 HIR (Herzien Indonesis Reglement)/ 283 RBg (Rechtsreglement Buitengewesten) / 1865 BW (burgerlijk wetboek voor Indonesie). The provisions of this Article give rise to injustice about the reverse evidence that has been established by the International Labor Organization (ILO) through international labor standards and other ILO legal instruments regarding reverse proof in cases of dismissal, Freedom of Association, and Equality in Employment and Occupation. This research utilizes a juridical normative, descriptive approach and is supported by case studies as data support, and an analysis is carried out based on qualitative methods and legal comparisons.

The article examines the effects of Bill HE 72/2016 ('Act on the Provision and Reception of International Assistance'), which was introduced in spring 2016 by the incumbent Finnish Government. The Bill inducts notable changes to Finland's policy on armed activities. Due to legislative constraints, the State was previously almost completely incapable of both requesting and delivering international help that amounted to armed measures. Bill HE 72/2016 aims to drastically change this position, and thus enables a wide range of armed activities. While a legislative change is warranted, the effects of the Bill may be far more far-stretching than anticipated by its drafters. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine if the Bill manages to properly regulate the new Finnish position on armed measures, and what improvements it could have benefitted from.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of Finland's Arctic strategy, providing a perspective on contemporary 'Arctic geopolitics' outside the dominant emphasis on the territorial politics of the Arctic Ocean coastal states. Concurrently, this serves as an empirical framework for interpreting the contextual de- and re-territorialising manifestations of geopolitical state strategies that are increasingly about securing competitive advantages, rather than exerting or extending territorial control over resources. By deploying the notion of anticipatory geographies this paper shows that Finland's Arctic strategy documents have produced two intertwined promotional visions that are predicated on the discourses of international competitiveness and which relate Finland to the Arctic region. These are 1) Finland as a key provider of solutions to problems in Arctic development and 2) Finland as an attractive territorial node in 'Arctic flows'. These anticipatory geographies are facilitated in practice through the political consolidation of 'Arctic' markets for Finnish exports and through infrastructure projects purportedly enhancing the position of Finland within various 'economic flows'. Together, these notions illuminate the geopolitical dimension of attempts to secure competitive advantages and how this relates to the processes of state spatial transformation through de- and re-territorialisation, especially beyond the recently much emphasised context of city-regionalism.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Health: Disease Prevention and Risk Behavior -- Chapter 1: Theoretical Background: Social Marketing and Quality of Life -- Introduction -- Social Marketing -- Definitions and Core Concepts: Some Areas for Its Application -- How the Quality-of-Life Paradigm Can Guide Social Marketing -- Social Marketing Streams -- Social Marketing Approaches and Strategies -- Marketing Mix Strategies (The 4 Ps) -- The Social Marketing Program -- Ethical Considerations -- References -- Chapter 2: Laboratory of Hemoderivative: Commitment to the Quality of Life. Social Marketing Campaign ``Donate Plasma, Donate ... -- Introduction -- Citizens´ Health and Access to Hemoderived Medicines -- A Different Laboratory -- A Campaign Focused on Quality of Life -- Discussion Questions -- Teaching Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: The Importance of Social Marketing in Skin Cancer Prevention: The Case of Portugal -- Introduction -- Development of the Case -- Skin Cancer: Description of the Disease -- Social Marketing and Skin Cancer -- Methodology -- Results -- Conclusions -- Final Remarks -- Discussion Questions -- Teaching Notes -- References -- Chapter 4: Quality of Life as an Outcome Disclosure of Positive Appeals in Social Advertisements: The Case of HIV/Aids Prevent... -- Introduction -- Case Development -- Conclusions -- Discussion Questions -- Teaching Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Marketing: Enhancing Quality of Life in a Global Health Crisis -- Introduction -- Case Development -- COVID-19: Description of the Disease -- Consequences of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) -- Measures for the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- Social Marketing in the Face of COVID-19 -- Methodology -- Social Marketing Strategies at an International Level.