Upgrading in China's apparel industry: international trade, local clusters and institutional contexts
In: Post-communist economies, Band 30, Heft 2, S. 193-215
ISSN: 1465-3958
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In: Post-communist economies, Band 30, Heft 2, S. 193-215
ISSN: 1465-3958
In: Journal of Property Investment & Finance, Band 35, Heft 2, S. 116-134
PurposeListed real estate securities have historically been used to achieve an exposure to the real estate asset class and to obtain a broad spectrum of other specific features such as return enhancement, but whether they must be associated to the direct property or to the broad stock market is deceptive on a merely theoretical basis. Moreover, the global financial crisis (GFC) has questioned their risk/return characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to asses if listed real estate securities are still enough dissimilar from the broad stock market to provide remarkable diversification benefits for a long term investor.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis has been developed on the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index and at country level (USA, UK, France, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia) from November 2001 to October 2013. The authors analysed the real estate index over a broad market index and adjusted for a possible bias related to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, using a least squared regression with Newey-West HAC Correction. A Recursive Least Squares (RLS) was also used to test the stability of the parameters with the CUSUM squared test and the Chow test. Finally the authors tested for cointegration with the Augmented Dickey Fuller and the Engle Granger tests.FindingsThe authors found that after the GFC the Beta-risk related to the stock market has witnessed a sharp increase, but with differences among country. While the USA, the UK and France have experienced a trend similar to the one described for the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Index, Asian Markets depict a quite stable Beta over the full sample (gradual increase for the Australian market). Evidence of a structural break in conjunction with 2008 crisis has been found only in USA, UK and France.Practical implicationsListed real estate securities, even if characterised by time varying Beta-risk and partially reduced diversification benefits, are still worth to be included in long term horizon portfolios. However, more wary considerations should be drafted before investing in the Asian markets where evidence of cointegration was found only for the Japanese market.Originality/valueAnalysis of post GFC effect on direct property investment vs indirect listed investment worldwide.
In: Revue française des affaires sociales: RFAS, Heft 1, S. 116-127
ISSN: 0035-2985
In: Paakat: revista de tecnología y sociedad, Band 7, Heft 12, S. 1-14
ISSN: 2007-3607
In: Tijdschrift voor arbeidsvraagstukken, Band 33, Heft 1
ISSN: 2468-9424
The war in Syria and the plight of refugees from the Middle East and North Africa have placed a focus on humanitarian aid unseen since the 2003 Tsunami.
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In: Zbornik radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nišu: Collection of papers, Faculty of Law, Niš, Band 56, Heft 75, S. 235-252
ISSN: 2560-3116
In: Journal of institutional and theoretical economics: JITE, Band 173, Heft 3, S. 431-453
ISSN: 1614-0559
World Affairs Online
The diplomatic intelligence is viewed as a kind of legal strategic intelligence, which involves collecting information of political, economic, social and military spheres of the country where the diplomatic mission is accredited. While searching such the kind of information, diplomats use methods that are allowed and opened to them according to a number of existing regulations, such as The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963 and others. But still we often hear that a particular representative of a diplomatic agency exceeded his or her authority and acted like a spy, as if it were just to call workers of such a unique occupation as thieves, who are able to make something harmful to a country of their temporary residence.
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In: SCELG Working Paper No 8 (Revised in August 2017)
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Working paper
In: CESifo Working Paper Series No. 6737
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Working paper
In: U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 605
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Working paper
This paper analyzes how domestic government sets its optimal export policy in a duopoly model when its domestic firm can only outsource its input while the rival firm is able to both produce and outsource its input. First we analyze the strategic outsourcing behavior of the foreign firm. We find that the foreign firm's decisions on whether to outsource input or to make it by itself depend on the trade policy taken by the domestic government. The foreign firm will strategically outsource the entire quantity of its input production to the supplier with an input price higher than its in-house cost, if the domestic firm is subsidized by the domestic government. However, when the domestic firm is being charged a positive export tax by the domestic government, the foreign firm will decide to make input by itself despite the lower input price under the outsourcing regime. From the domestic government's point of view, we find that the conditions for the foreign firm's decisions correspond to the domestic social welfare maximization problem. When the foreign firm chooses to outsource its input to the supplier, the domestic government will impose a negative export tax on its firm, namely subsidy. While when the foreign firm chooses to make input by itself, the domestic government will impose an export tax on its firm as trade policy.Keywords: Trade Policy, Export Tax, Subsidy, Outsourcing
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In: Development Policy Review, Band 35, Heft 6, S. 839-858
SSRN
In: Population review: demography of developing countries, Band 56, Heft 1
ISSN: 1549-0955