This article will briefly survey some of the current and emerging legal issues surrounding mtDNA evidence. Parts I and II discuss basic evidentiary questions, including mtDNA's reliability and admissibility under Daubert as well as the potential problem of jury confusion regarding the probative value of mtDNA. Part III considers the broader potential of mtDNA to supplant microscopic hair analysis, a technique often criticized for its subjectivity and high error rate. Finally, Part IV explores the unique privacy concerns raised by the maternal inheritance of mtDNA, specifically in the context of DNA databanks.
This article is focused on the implementation of inclusive education in the area of secondary schools. It analyzes the current system of regulatory framework, which accompanies the engagement of children with special educational needs and psychophysical disabilities in classes of general schools for the purpose of their socialization and the creation of learning environments. The author considers the concept of the modification and adaptation of curriculum and learning environment, to the need for the introduction the individual learning plans into the learning. The issue of creating thebarrier-free environment for the maximum involvement of children with musculoskeletal disorders and deep destraction of vision and hearing into the space of schools is revealed. The article notes the need for a correction component in the educational institutions that provide professionals into the teacher education . Special teachers that will efficiently and professionally implement corrective processes are not only an educational, but also a social component. The paper determines and analyzes the problems, which are associated with the process of implementation this form of learning.The analysis of domestic legislation and regulatory framework indicates that inclusive education has a special place in modern education, but it still is in the formative stage. That in turn encourages the Ukrainian society to address issues of modernization of the existing educational system in order to implement the inclusive learning in primary school and to further improve the administrative and legal framework of implementing this process.Unfortunately, at this stage of education reform in Ukraine it is too early to talk about the full-fledged introduction of inclusive learning into educational space due to the lack of appropriate technical support, sufficient funding from the state, the awareness and psychological preparedness of society to ensure the right conditions for effective teaching and educational process of children with special educational needs in the regional schools.Key words: inclusive education, legal bases, special educational needs, psychophysical developmental disorder, differentiated and individual curriculum, curriculum modification, adapting learning environment. ; Висвітлено питання впровадження інклюзивної форми навчання в простір загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів. Проаналізовано систему нормативно-правової бази, яка сприяє залученню дітей з особливими освітніми потребами та порушеннями психофізичного розвитку в класи загальноосвітніх шкіл з метою їх соціалізації й створення умов навчання. Визначено труднощі, з якими пов'язаний процес реалізації цієї форми навчання. Ключові слова: інклюзивна форма навчання, нормативно-правові засади, особливі освітні потреби, порушення психофізичного розвитку, диференційовані та індивідуальні програми, модифікація навчальної програми, адаптація навчального середовища.
Although EU–US trade constitutes the largest economic relationship in the world, the level of formal bilateral regulation remains strikingly low. It is true that cooperation has worked a considerable degree of regulatory convergence. On the other hand, different legal perceptions, conflicting regulatory philosophies and a plethora of divergent standards for goods and services continue hampering transatlantic trade. There are grounds for basing transatlantic economic integration on a broader basis by bilateral treaties, and one could even contemplate a comprehensive free trade agreement which would also provide stability against the ups and downs of political relations.
In this paper, author tries to analyze complex character of the relation between law and morality in contemporary law philosophy. There are three approaches to the issue of relation between law and morality: natural law theory (identity thesis), positivist (separation thesis) and Anglo-American analytical jurisprudence (polarity thesis). The identity thesis-law and morality are basically identical, although basic principles of morality are subordinated to the positive legal rules; the separation thesis-law and morality are quite different system of norms: positive legal rules are completely deprived of any moral content; Polarity thesis - law and morality are different systems of norms which complement to each other. The polarity thesis is exemplified in theories of Herbert Hart and Ronald Dworkin's. At the logical level, polarity thesis overcomes and specifically synthesizes abstract character and reductionism of identity and separation thesis. At the socio-historical level, the polarity thesis is result of historical development of legal and political institutions.
"The study deals with the atypical employment relationship of managerial employees. One of the reasons for the atypical nature of the managerial employment relationship is that not all managers are employed in an employment relationship since the tasks can also be performed in an agency relationship, and some authors even consider the latter relationship to be more suitable for settling the rights and obligations of the parties. This atypicality is reinforced by the fact that the current legislation allows the manager's employment contract to derogate from the provisions of the second part of the collective agreement and that the collective agreement does not cover the manager. The study also describes the liability of managerial employees and the rules on confl icts of interest and noncompetition that apply to them."
The purpose of the article is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the phenomena of «legal consciousness» and «legal culture», to determine the main features, structure of legal consciousness and bring its classification. And also: analysis of the main factors and features of the formation of legal awareness as a factor in the development of legal culture in Ukraine; identification of pedagogical problems and practical issues related to the formation of the legal culture of youth and future lawyers in particular. Research methods: it is based on the dialectical method, the method of analysis, comparison and synthesis, as well as the method of historicism, which allow to identify the inner essence of phenomena through the characteristics of the dynamics of their development and external manifestations; an integrated approach to creating a theoretical picture of the object is important. Results: the essence of the definitions of «legal culture» and «legal consciousness» is clarified, the main features of legal consciousness are singled out, its structure is determined and the classification is given. Theoretical analysis of the phenomena «legal consciousness» and «legal culture» was carried out. The problems of formation of legal culture of youth are defined and the theoretical approach for their decision by influence on legal consciousness of citizens is offered. It is established that one of the most important stages in the formation of legal awareness in society is legal education, which is mostly implemented through the educational activities of educational institutions and law enforcement agencies, which are designed to form legal awareness and lawful behavior. The current state of Ukrainian society is analyzed and the ways of forming the legal consciousness of citizens are studied. The author argues that building a democratic state governed by the rule of law is impossible without a sufficient level of legal awareness of the population. The thesis is argued that legal consciousness has a multicomponent ...
